Shipboard air vehicle retrieval apparatus

• US 4,753,400 A
• Filed: 02/13/1987
• Issued: 06/28/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 02/13/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Pioneer Aerospace Corporation (Safran SA)
• Original Assignee: Pioneer Systems Inc (Diebold Nixdorf, Incorporated)
• Inventors: Greenstadt, Alan H., Reuter, James D.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): Corl, Rodney
• Application Number:
  US07/014,314
• Time in Patent Office: 501 Days
• Field of Search: 244/110 R, 244/110 C, 244/110 E, 244/110 F, 244/110 G, 244/114 R, 244/115, 244/116, 244/63, 244/137 R, 244/152, 258/1.2, 258/1.4, 114/261
• US Class Current: 244/110.00R
• CPC Class Codes: B64F 1/027 using net or mesh
• CPC Class Codes: B64F 1/0295 aerodynamically or aerostatically supported, e.g. parafoil or balloon
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 70/30 for capturing UAVs in flight by ground or sea-based arresting gear, e.g. by a cable or a net

Abstract

A shipboard mounted apparatus for the retrieval of air vehicles, including remotely piloted, or automonous, unmanned vehicles, which includes a deployable lifting device such as a ram-air parachute which is secured through a tow line to the ship traveling upwind therebelow. A capturing device such as a ribbon parachute which may be annular is also movably secured to the tow line immediately below the ram-air parachute and may include a homing beacon therein such that capture of an air vehicle is achieved by it traveling into and collapsing this ribbon parachute. A winch is secured to the ship therebelow and is attached to the lower end of the tow line to control the inward and outward movement of the extended tow line. Once an air vehicle is captured in the ribbon parachute, the tow line is pulled in by the winch allowing the collapsed ribbon parachute and the captured air vehicle to be drawn into the ship to thereby be received by a landing net preferably of an open mesh nylon webbing. An initial launching device can be included such as an additional parachute or an explosive mortar device to provide the initial air-borne impetus to the ram-air parachute and ribbon capturing parachute.

Claims

1. An air vehicle retrieval apparatus for use aboard a ship comprising:

(a) a deployable lifting means to travel vertically upwardly above the ship therebelow;

(b) a tow line means attached with respect to the ship therebelow and attached to said deployable lifting means traveling thereabove;

(c) a stanchion means secured with respect to the ship and further including a guide means thereon adapted to receive said tow line means extended therethrough for guiding positioning thereof; and

(d) a capturing means secured to said tow line means above said stanchion means and below said deployable lifting means to be adapted to be carried airborn, said capturing means being further adapted to receive an air vehicle therein for safe capture and retrieval thereof.

2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a launching means to provide initial lifting impetus to the airborn parts of the apparatus.

3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said launching means comprises a first parachute means secured above said deployable lifting means and above said capturing means.

4. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said launching means comprises an explosive mortar means.

5. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a landing net means secured with respect to the ship adjacent said tow line means to receive an air vehicle therein after capture within said capturing means.

6. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a winch means secured with respect to the ship and having the lower end of said tow line means attached thereto to facilitate changing of the extended length of said tow line means extended between said stanchion means and said deployable lifting means.

7. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said deployable lifting means comprises a second parachute means.

8. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said deployable lifting means comprises a ram-air parachute means.

9. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said stanchion means comprises a frame means defining a guiding aperture therein adapted to receive said tow line means extended therethrough to facilitate guiding thereof.

10. The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said winch means is reversible to facilitate selective increasing and decreasing of the extended length of said tow line means.

11. The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said winch means is manually controlled.

12. The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said winch means includes danger sensing means for determining dangerous system conditions and further including emergency winch controls to control winch movement to prevent damaging of the air vehicle retrieval apparatus and captured air vehicle.

13. The apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein said emergency winch controls further include first cable cutting means to selectively cut said tow line means responsive to certain predetermined conditions being sensed by said sensing means.

14. The apparatus as defined in claim 13 wherein said first cable cutting means is pyrotechnic.

15. The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said winch means is detachably secured with respect to said ship to be portable with respect thereto.

16. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said stanchion means is positioned extending vertically upwardly from the ship to locate said guide means and said tow line means in vertically spaced relation with respect to the ship to facilitate safe capture and retrieval of an air vehicle.

17. The apparatus as defined in claim 5 further including a crane and hoist device for facilitating removal of a recovered air vehicle from said landing net means.

18. The apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said landing net means is secured with respect to said stanchion means for spacing thereof away from the ship to minimize damaging of an air vehicle during capture and retrieval thereof.

19. The apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said landing net means is an open mesh of nylon webbing.

20. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein said ram-air parachute means includes a plurality of support lines woven from kevlar filaments to prevent elongation thereof under tension.

21. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said capturing means includes an annular member defining an opening centrally located therein, said capturing means further including a capture net extending across said opening in said annular member for receiving and retaining an air vehicle captured therein.

22. The apparatus as defined in claim 21 wherein said capturing means comprises a ribbon parachute.

23. The apparatus as defined in claim 21 wherein said capturing net includes a plurality of lateral retaining lines positioned extending thereacross to present an elliptically-shaped capturing profile.

24. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said tow line means is of steel.

25. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said tow line means is of nylon.

26. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said tow line means is of polypropolene.

27. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said tow line means is of kevlar.

28. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said tow line means is of a nylon/polypropolene hybrid.

29. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said tow line means is at least 200 feet in length.

30. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 further comprising a primary retaining means adapted to hold said deployable lifting means in non-inflated condition until released.

31. The apparatus as defined in claim 30 further including a primary releasing means adapted to open said primary retaining means to allow release of said deployable lifting means for inflation thereof.

32. The apparatus as defined in claim 31 wherein said primary releasing means comprises a primary pyrotechnic cutting means.

33. The apparatus as defined in claim 32 wherein said primary pyrotechnic cutting means includes primary time-delay means to open said primary retaining means at a predetermined time after initial launch of the air vehicle retrieval apparatus.

34. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 further comprising a secondary retaining means adapted to hold said capturing means in non-inflated condition until released.

35. The apparatus as defined in claim 34 further including a secondary releasing means adapted to open said secondary retaining means to allow release of said capturing means for inflation thereof.

36. The apparatus as defined in claim 35 wherein said secondary releasing means comprises a secondary pyrotechnic cutting means.

37. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said secondary pyrotechnic cutting means includes secondary time delay means.

38. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a homing means located in said capturing means to facilitate targeting of an air vehicle therein.

39. The apparatus as defined in claim 38 wherein said homing means is a radio homing beacon.

40. The apparatus as defined in claim 38 wherein said homing means is remotely initiated.

41. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said capturing means is an open mesh of nylon webbing.

42. The apparatus as defined in claim 5 further including a landing net frame being pivotally secured with respect to the ship and being adapted to receive said landing net means secured thereto, said landing net frame being pivotally movable from an air vehicle receiving position to an air vehicle removal position and vice versa.

43. The apparatus as defined in claim 42 wherein said landing net frame is pivotally movable through approximately 90 degrees.

44. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ship is oriented moving into the prevailing wind of the environment of the recovery area.

45. An air vehicle retrieval apparatus for use aboard a ship moving into the prevailing wind of the environment of the recovery area which comprises:

(a) a deployable lifting means to travel vertically upwardly above the ship therebelow, said deployable lifting means comprising a ram-air parachute means;

(b) a tow line means attached with respect to the ship therebelow and attached to said deployable lifting means traveling thereabove;

(c) a stanchion means secured with respect to the ship, said stanchion means including a frame means defining a guide means thereon adapted to receive said tow line means extended therethrough to facilitate guiding positioning thereof, said stanchion means being positioned extending vertically upwardly from the ship to locate said guide means and said tow line means in vertically spaced relation with respect to the ship to facilitate safe capture and retrieval of an air vehicle;

(d) a capturing means comprising a ribbon parachute of open nylon webbing secured to said tow line means above said stanchion means and below said deployable lifting means to be adapted to be carried airborn, said capturing means being further adapted to receive an air vehicle therein for safe capture and retrieval thereof, said ribbon parachute including a plurality of lateral retaining lines positioned extending thereacross to present an elliptically-shaped capturing profile;

(e) a launching parachute means secured with respect to the upper end of said tow line means to provide initial lifting impetus to the air vehicle retrieval apparatus;

(f) a landing net means of open nylon webbing secured at one end with respect to the ship and at the other end secured with respect to said frame means of said stanchion means to maintain said landing net means in spaced relation with respect to the ship to minimize damaging thereof during air vehicle retrieval, said landing net means being adjacent said two line means to receive an air vehicle therein after capture within said capturing means;

(g) a winch means secured with respect to the ship and having the lower end of said tow line means attached thereto to facilitate changing of the extended length of said tow line means between said stanchion means and said deployable lifting means, said winch means being reversible and being capable of manual overriding to facilitate control of the extended length of said tow line, said winch means including danger sensing means and emergency winch controls operably connected to said danger sensing means and being responsive to actuation thereof to control winch operation to prevent damaging of the air vehicle retrieval apparatus and the captured air vehicle;

(h) a crane and hoist means mounted with respect to the ship adjacent said landing net means to facilitate removal of a recovered air vehicle from said landing net;

(i) a primary retaining means adapted to hold said deployable lifting means in non-inflated condition until released, said primary retaining means including a primary releasing means adapted to open said primary retaining means to selectively allow release and inflation of said deployable lifting means at a predetermined time;

(j) a secondary retaining means adapted to hold said ribbon parachute in non-inflated condition until released, said secondary retaining means including a secondary releasing means adapted to open said secondary retaining means to selectively allow release and inflation of said ribbon parachute at a predetermined time; and

(k) homing beacon means located in said ribbon parachute to serve as a targeting spot for an air vehicle being recovered, said homing beacon means being remotely initiatable.

46. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said emergency winch controls further include first cable cutting means to selectively cut said tow line means responsive to certain predetermined dangerous conditions being sensed by said sensing means.

47. The apparatus as defined in claim 46 wherein said first cable cutting means is pyrotechnic.

48. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said winch means is detachably secured with respect to said ship to be portable with respect thereto.

49. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said ram-air parachute means includes a plurality of support lines woven from kevlar filaments to prevent elongation thereof under tension.

50. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said tow line means is at least 200 feet in length.

51. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said primary releasing means comprises a primary pyrotechnic cutting means.

52. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said secondary releasing means comprises a secondary pyrotechnic cutting means.

53. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said primary releasing means is adapted to open said primary retaining means to selectively allow release and inflation of said deployable lifting means at approximately 120 seconds after initial release of the air vehicle retrieval apparatus.

54. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said secondary releasing means is adapted to open said secondary retaining means approximately twenty seconds after release of said primary releasing means.

55. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 further including a landing net frame being pivotally secured with respect to the ship and being adapted to receive said landing net means secured thereto, said landing net frame being pivotally movable from an air vehicle receiving position to an air vehicle removal position and vice versa.

56. The apparatus as defined in claim 45 wherein said landing net frame is pivotally movable through approximately 90 degrees.