Process for operating a dual compartment anode structure

• US 4,755,376 A
• Filed: 07/08/1987
• Issued: 07/05/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 08/25/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Institute Of Gas Technology (GTI Energy)
• Original Assignee: Institute Of Gas Technology (GTI Energy)
• Inventors: Marianowski, Leonard G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US07/071,017
• Time in Patent Office: 363 Days
• Field of Search: 429/13-17, 429/19, 429/26, 429/34
• US Class Current: 429/408
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/8684 Negative electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/147 Fuel cells with molten carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0051 Carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8626 characterised by the form
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8647 consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9041 Metals or alloys H01M4/92 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0625 in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/142 with matrix-supported or semi-solid matrix-reinforced electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A dual compartment anode structure for use in molten carbonates fuel cells having an electrolyte porous metallic plate structure with one face adapted to contact the electrolyte and an opposite face having a plurality of ribs extending therefrom, a hydrogen ion and molecular hydrogen and electrolyte non-porous metallic foil having one face in contact with the ends of the ribs to define an anode reacton gas compartment therebetween, and a corrugated metallic current collector having a plurality of peaks with one face at the peaks in contact with the opposite face of the metallic foil defining an anode fuel gas compartment therbetween. The dual compartment anode structure of this invention provides separation between the electrolyte and the fuel thereby permitting internal cell reforming of hydrogen containing fuels without poisoning of the reforming catalyst and provides greater cell stability due to reduction in corrosion and reduced electrolyte and electrode loss.

Claims

1. A process for molten carbonate electrolyte fuel cell operation comprising:

supplying hydrogen containing fuel to a fuel compartment, said fuel compartment separated from an anode reaction gas compartment by a hydrogen ion porous and molecular hydrogen and electrolyte non-porous metallic foil;

dissociating said hydrogen to ionic hydrogen;

passing said ionic hydrogen through said metallic foil to said anode reaction gas compartment which comprises a porous metallic anode structure adjacent said molten carbonate electrolyte;

reacting in said porous anode structure said ionic hydrogen with carbonate ion producing water, carbon dioxide, and electrons;

passing said produced water, carbon dioxide and two electrons to a porous metallic cathode structure on the opposite side of said molten carbonate electrolyte;

supplying oxygen to an oxidant compartment which comprises said porous cathode structure;

reacting in said porous cathode structure said carbon dioxide, oxygen and electrons to producing carbonate ions for passage to said cathode; and

removing water from said oxidant compartment.

2. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of catalytically reforming at least a portion of hydrocarbons in said fuel to hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocarbon reforming catalyst in said fuel compartment.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein carbon dioxide is passed through a conduit means from said anode reaction gas compartment to said oxidant compartment.

7. The process of claim 1 wherein said metallic foil is about 0.0001 to about 0.001 inch thick.

8. The process of claim 1 wherein said metallic foil is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, and mixtures thereof.

9. The process of claim 1 wherein exhaust removed from said oxidant compartment is passed through a heat exchanger condensing water for discharge and recycling gas to said oxidant compartment.

10. The process of claim 11 wherein carbon doxide is provided to said oxidant compartment in an amount at least sufficient to maintain carbon dioxide concentration at said cathode at the minimum cathode polarization level.

11. The process of claim 1 wherein said ionic hydrogen passage through said metallic foil is sufficient to sustain current densities in excess of about 160 ma/cm².

12. The process of claim 11 wherein said anode reaction gas compartment is maintained at a higher pressure than said cathode.

13. The process of claim 11 wherein said metallic foil is about 0.0001 to about 0.001 inch thick;

said metallic foil is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, and mixtures thereof;

said ionic hydrogen passage through said metallic foil is sufficient to sustain current densities in excess of about 160 ma/cm², and said anode reaction gas compartment is maintained at a higher pressure than said cathode.

4. In a process for electrical production by molten alkali carbonate electrolyte fuel cells, the improvement comprising:

supplying hydrogen containing fuel to a fuel compartment, said fuel compartment separated from an anode reaction gas compartment by a hydrogen ion porous and molecular hydrogen and electrolyte non-porous metallic foil;

dissociating said hydrogen to ionic hydrogen; and

passing said ionic hydrogen through said metallic foil to said anode reaction gas compartment which comprises a porous metallic anode structure adjacent said molten carbonate electrolyte.

5. In the process of claim 4 comprising the additional step of catalytically reforming at least a portion of hydrocarbons in said fuel to hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocarbon reforming catalyst in said fuel compartment.

6. In the process of claim 4 wherein carbon dioxide formed in said anode reaction gas compartment is passed through a conduit means to an oxidant compartment associated with the cathode of said fuel cell.

14. The process of claim 4 wherein said metallic foil is about 0.0001 to about 0.001 inch thick.

15. The process of claim 4 wherein said metallic foil is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, and mixtures thereof.

16. The process of claim 4 wherein exhaust removed from said oxidant compartment is passed through a heat exchanger condensing water for discharge and recycling gas to said oxidant compartment.

17. The process of claim 4 wherein carbon doxide is provided to said oxidant compartment in an amount at least sufficient to maintain carbon dioxide concentration at said cathode at the minimum cathode polarization level.

18. The process of claim 4 wherein said ionic hydrogen passage through said metallic foil is sufficient to sustain current densities in excess of about 160 ma/cm².

19. The process of claim 4 wherein said anode reaction gas compartment is maintained at a higher pressure than said cathode.

20. The process of claim 4 wherein said metallic foil is about 0.0001 to about 0.001 inch thick;

said metallic foil is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, and mixtures thereof;

said ionic hydrogen passage through said metallic foil is sufficient to sustain current densities in excess of about 160 ma/cm², and said anode reaction gas compartment is maintained at a higher pressure than said cathode.