Whistle synthesizer

• US 4,757,737 A
• Filed: 03/27/1986
• Issued: 07/19/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Conti, Ugo
• Original Assignee: Conti, Ugo
• Inventors: Conti, Ugo
• Primary Examiner(s): Witkowski, Stanley J.
• Application Number:
  US06/844,930
• Time in Patent Office: 845 Days
• Field of Search: 84/1.01, 84/1.19, 84/1.12, 84/1.21, 84/1.22, 84/1.11, 84/1.24, 84/DIG. 27, 84/1.13, 84/1.26, 340/347 AD
• US Class Current: 84/681
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 1/32 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2210/066 for pitch analysis as part of wider processing for musical purposes, e.g. transcription, musical performance evaluation; Pitch recognition, e.g. in polyphonic sounds; Estimation or use of missing fundamental
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2210/231 Wah-wah spectral modulation, i.e. tone color spectral glide obtained by sweeping the peak of a bandpass filter up or down in frequency, e.g. according to the position of a pedal, by automatic modulation or by voice formant detection; control devices therefor, e.g. wah pedals for electric guitars
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/161 Spint whistle, i.e. mimicking wind instruments in which the air is split against an edge, e.g. musical whistles, three tone samba whistle, penny whistle, pea whistle; whistle-emulating mouth interfaces; MIDI control therefor, e.g. for calliope
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/545 Aliasing, i.e. preventing, eliminating or deliberately using aliasing noise, distortions or artifacts in sampled or synthesised waveforms, e.g. by band limiting, oversampling or undersampling, respectively
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 5/002 Instruments using voltage controlled oscillators and amplifiers or voltage controlled oscillators and filters, e.g. Synthesisers
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 5/005 Voice controlled instruments

Abstract

A whistle synthesizer comprises a microphone, a housing, system electronics within the housing, and controls outside the housing. The player whistles into the microphone, the signals from which are processed to provide an instrument output signal suitable for communication to an external amplifier. The controls are located within easy reach of the player so that they may be manipulated all the while the player is whistling.

Claims

1. An electronic musical instrument comprising:

whistle processing means, responsive to a whistle signal representative of a human whistling, for producing a plurality of signals directly representative of said whistling, said signals including a square wave, referred to as the frequency reference signal, having zero crossings corresponding to the zero crossings of said whistle signal, a voltage level, referred to as the frequency of said whistle signal, an analog signal, referred to as the amplitude envelope signal, representative of the amplitude envelope of said whistle signal, and a digital signal, referred to as the note-on signal, which is asserted when said whistle signal is present above a particular threshold;

voice component generator means responsive to said frequency reference signal, said note-on signal, and said frequency voltage, for generating a set of signals, referred to as voice component signals, at selected subharmonics of said frequency reference signal, said set including at least one substantially sinusoidal signal and at least one non-sinusoidal periodic signal;

superposition means for providing a voice signal, which voice signal includes a combination of a predetermined subset of said voice component signals, said superposition means including first user control means for adjusting the relative proportions of voice component signals within said predetermined subset;

harmonic control means, responsive to said voice signal and said frequency voltage, for providing a filtered voice signal having altered harmonic content, said harmonic control means including a frequency-controlled filter operable to track the fundamental frequency of said frequency reference signal, and further controllable by the user to selectively pass a desired set of harmonics of said voice component signals;

amplitude modulation means, responsive to said filtered voice signal, said amplitude envelope signal, and said note-on signal, for shaping the time evolution of said filtered voice signal within the time interval during which said note-on signal is asserted; and

note prolongation means, responsive to the output of said modulation means, for shaping the time evolution thereof after said note-on signal is withdrawn.

2. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said whistle processing means comprises:

a microphone amplifier for producing an output representing said whistle signal;

a zero crossing detector, responsive to the output of said microphone amplifier, for producing said frequency reference signal;

an AC-to-DC convertor, responsive to the output of said microphone amplifier, for producing said amplitude envelope signal;

a frequency-to-voltage convertor, responsive to said frequency reference signal, for producing said frequency voltage; and

a note on/off detector, responsive to said frequency reference signal and said frequency voltage, for producing said note-on signal.

3. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said voice component generator means comprises:

a frequency divider, responsive to said frequency reference signal, for producing a number of square waves at the selected subharmonics of said frequency reference signal; and

a waveform shaper, responsive to said square waves, said frequency voltage, and said note-on signal, for producing substantially sinusoidal signals representative of at least one of said subharmonic square waves, and for referring said voice component signals to ground potential substantially as soon as said note-on signal is withdrawn.

4. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said superposition means comprises a resistive adder with potentiometer controls to define said first user control means.

5. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said amplitude modulation means comprises:

means for impressing said amplitude envelope signal on said filtered voice signal;

means for generating a transient signal at the beginning of the assertion of said note-on signal; and

means for selectively impressing said transient signal on said filtered voice signal.

6. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said note prolongation means comprises:

delay means for producing a delayed version of the output of said modulation means in addition to an undelayed version thereof; and

means for selectively combining the delayed version with the undelayed version to produce a reverberation effect to shape the decay characteristics of the note.

7. An electronic musical instrument comprising:

whistle processing means, responsive to a whistle signal representative of a human whistling, for producing a plurality of signals directly representative of said whistling, said signals including a square wave, referred to as the frequency reference signal, having zero crossings corresponding to the zero crossings of said whistle signal, a voltage level, referred to as the frequency voltage, corresponding to the fundamental frequency of said whistle signal, an analog signal, referred to as the amplitude envelope signal, representative of the amplitude envelope of said whistle signal, and a digital signal, referred to as the note-on signal, which is asserted when said whistle signal is present above a particular threshold;

voice component generator means responsive to said frequency reference signal, said note-on signal, and said frequency voltage, for generating a set of signals, referred to as voice component signals, at selected subharmonics of said frequency reference signal, said set including at least one substantially sinusoidal signal and at least one non-sinusoidal periodic signal;

superposition means for providing a voice signal, which voice signal includes a combination of a predetermined subset of said voice component signals, said superposition means including first user control means for adjusting the relative proportions of voice component signals within said predetermined subset;

harmonic control means, responsive to said voice signal and said frequency voltage, for providing a filtered voice signal having altered harmonic content, said harmonic control means including second user control means for adjusting the nature of the alteration of the harmonic content;

means for impressing said amplitude envelope signal on said filtered voice signal;

means for generating a transient signal at the beginning of the assertion of said note-on signal;

means for selectively impressing said transient signal on said filtered voice signal; and

note prolongation means for shaping the time evolution thereof after said note-on signal is withdrawn.

8. An electronic musical instrument comprising:

microphone means, responsive to a human whistling, for producing an analog electrical signal representative of said whistling, said analog signal being referred to as the whistle signal;

zero crossing detector means, responsive to said whistle signal, for producing a square wave, referred to as the frequency reference signal, having zero crossings directly corresponding to the zero crossings of said whistle signal;

means, responsive to said frequency reference signal for providing a set of signals, referred to as voice component signals, at selected subharmonics of said frequency reference signal, said set including at least one substantially sinusoidal signal and at least one non-sinusoidal periodic signal;

first superposition means for providing a first voice signal, which first voice signal includes a superposition of a first predetermined subset of said voice component signals, said first superposition means including user-controllable means for adjusting the relative proportions of voice component signals within said first predetermined subset and thereby provide a first filtered voice signal;

second superposition means for providing a second voice signal, which second voice signal includes a combination of a second predetermined subset of said voice component signals, said second superposition means including user-controllable means for adjusting the relative proportions of voice component signals within said second predetermined subset and thereby provide a second filtered voice signal;

envelope generator means, responsive to said whistle signal, for providing a signal, referred to as the whistle envelope signal, representative of the amplitude envelope of said whistle signal;

means for impressing said amplitude envelope signal on said first and second filtered voice signals;

means for generating at least one transient signal at the beginning of the assertion of said note-on signal;

means for selectively impressing said at least one transient signal on said first and second filtered voice signals; and

user-controllable prolongation means for shaping the decay characteristics of said modulated signals.

9. The instrument of claim 8, and further comprising:

frequency-controlled filter means for removing selected frequencies from at least one of said voice signals.

10. The instrument of claim 8, and further comprising:

note detector means, responsive to at least one signal derived from said whistle signal, for providing a note-on signal exhibiting a first state when said whistle signal is present and a second state when said whistle signal is absent;

attack means, responsive to said note-on signal, for providing an alternate envelope signal; and

means, coupled to said attack means, adapted for modulating said voice signals according to said alternate envelope signal.

11. The instrument of claim 8, wherein the frequencies of said voice component signals include divisions by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 16 relative to the frequency of said frequency reference signal.

12. The instrument of claim 11 wherein said first voice signal includes only sinusoidal voice component signals.