Multiple oscillator device having plural quartz resonators in a common quartz substrate

• US 4,760,351 A
• Filed: 08/22/1986
• Issued: 07/26/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 08/22/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northern Illinois University
• Original Assignee: Northern Illinois University
• Inventors: Westberg, Gregg, Nemes, Susan M., Genis, Alan P., Newell, Darrell E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Grimm, Siegfried H.
• Application Number:
  US06/899,360
• Time in Patent Office: 704 Days
• Field of Search: 331/46, 331/48, 331/49, 331/56, 331/65, 331/116 R, 331/116 FE, 331/158, 331/162, 331/DIG. 3, 331/161, 310/320, 73/23, 73/24, 73/26, 73/29, 73/30, 73/517 AV, 73/DIG. 1, 73/DIG. 4, 324/56, 324/71.1, 324/76 R, 324/96, 324/105, 324/109, 340/870.1, 340/870.3, 340/870.16, 340/870.17, 340/870.26, 422/98
• US Class Current: 331/48
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 5/06 using piezoelectric resonators
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 331/03 Logic gate active element oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 73/04 Piezoelectric

Abstract

A system is described which comprises many quartz resonators, all formed on the same quartz substrate. The method of fabrication ensures that all the resonators are mechanically and electrically isolated from each other. The oscillation frequencies of the resonators may be individually adjusted to different desired values during fabrication. Since the deviation from the optimum angle of cut is the same for all the resonators because they are all on the same substrate, all the resonators have the same temperature coefficient (change of frequency per degree change in temperature). Mounting the electronic circuitry on the quartz substrate simplifies the interconnections between the resonators and the circuitry, and reduces the size of the resulting device.

Claims

1. A multiple oscillator device, comprising:

a crystal substrate;

a plurality of oscillators including;

a first oscillator including an AT-cut first crystal resonator having a resonant frequency, and a first oscillation control circuit for controlling the oscillation output of said first oscillator, said first oscillation control circuit including means for receiving a first control signal indicating the value of a first parameter to be sensed and modulating said first oscillator output in accordance with said first control signal; and

a second oscillator including a AT-cut second crystal resonator formed in said substrate at the same time as said first crystal resonator and having a resonant frequency, and a second oscillation control circuit for controlling the oscillation output of said second oscillator, said second oscillation control circuit controlling said output of said second oscillator independently of the value of said first parameter to be sensed;

signal processing means for processing outputs from said oscillators to obtain a desired output signal; and

isolation means disposed between adjacent resonators for decreasing the capability of said substrate to propagate frequencies in a range which includes the resonant frequencies of said resonators while maintaining common structural support of all of said resonators by said substrate.

2. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 1, wherein said plurality of oscillators further includes a third oscillator including an AC-cut crystal resonator providing an output having a frequency proportional to ambient temperature, and said signal processing means responds to outputs from all of said first, second and third oscillators to provide an output signal representing the value of said first parameter.

3. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 2, wherein each of said first, second and third oscillators oscillates at a different respective frequency in the absence of an external modulating influence.

4. A multiple oscillator device, comprising:

a crystal substrate;

a plurality of crystal oscillators each providing an output, said plurality of crystal oscillators comprising;

a first oscillator including an AT-cut crystal resonator coated with an RF absorption material sensitive to RF level, said first oscillator having a resonant frequency; and

a second oscillator having an AT-cut crystal resonant having a resonant frequency and formed in the substrate at the same time as said first resonator, said second oscillator oscillating at a frequency independent of said RF level, whereby the value of said RF level can be detected by comparing the outputs of said first and second oscillators;

signal processing means for processing outputs from said oscillators to obtain a desired output signal; and

isolation means disposed between adjacent resonators for decreasing the capability of said substrate to propagate frequencies in a range which includes the resonant frequencies of said resonators while maintaining common structural support of all of said resonators by said substrate.

5. A multiple oscillator device of the type comprising a crystal substrate, a plurality of crystal oscillators each providing an output and signal processing means for processing outputs from said oscillators to obtain a desired output signal, each of said oscillators including a respective crystal resonator having a respective resonant frequency, the crystal resonators of said plurality of oscillators each being formed at the same time in said substrate, said device including isolation means in the form of a gap in said substrate between adjacent resonators for decreasing the capability of said substrate to propagate frequencies in a range which includes the resonant frequencies of said resonators while maintaining common structural support of all of said resonators by said substrate.

6. A multiple oscillator device of the type comprising a crystal substrate, a plurality of crystal oscillators each providing an output and signal processing means for processing outputs from said oscillators to obtain a desired output signal, each of said oscillators including a respective crystal resonator having a respective resonant frequency, the crystal resonators of said plurality of oscillators each being formed at the same time in said substrate, said device including isolation means disposed between adjacent resonators for decreasing the capability of said substrate to propagate frequencies in a range which includes the resonant frequencies of said resonators while maintaining common structural support of all of said resonators by said substrate, said isolation means comprising a region where at least a substantial portion of said substrate has been removed.

7. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 6, wherein said crystal resonators are quartz resonators milled from a common quartz substrate.

8. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 7, wherein said plurality of resonators are AT-strip resonators, and said signal processing means comprises combining means for combining outputs from selected ones of said oscillators to obtain an output signal having a desired frequency.

9. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 8, wherein said combining means comprises coder means for designating particular ones of said plural oscillators to be activated, means for selectively activating the oscillators designated by said coder means and antenna means coupled in common to all of said oscillators for transmitting said desired output signal.

10. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 9, further comprising receiving means for receiving the signal transmitted by said antenna means, and means coupled to said receiving means for detecting which of said oscillators have been activated.

11. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 6, wherein said plurality of oscillators includes:

a first oscillator including an AT-cut crystal resonator coated with a first material sensitive to at least first and second gases of interest; and

a second oscillator including an AT-cut crystal resonator coated with a second material sensitive to at least said first and second gases of interest, said second material having a sensitivity which differs from the sensitivity of said first material with respect to at least one of said first and second gases, whereby the concentration of said first and second gases can be detected by comparing the ouputs of said first and second oscillators.

12. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 11, wherein said plurality of oscillators further includes an additional oscillator having an AT-cut crystal resonator and oscillating at a frequency independent of the concentration of either of said first or second gases.

13. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 6, wherein each of said crystal resonators is chemically milled out of a single quartz substrate.

14. A multiple oscillator device as defined in claim 6, wherein each said oscillator further includes oscillator circuitry cooperating with its repective resonator for generating a respective crystal oscillator output, and wherein the oscillator circuitry for each oscillator is mounted on said crystal substrate.