Interferometric apparatus and method for detection and characterization of particles using light scattered therefrom
First Claim
1. Apparatus for the indentification and characterization of particles in a sample by observing light scattered therefrom, comprising in combination:
- means for producing a first radiation having a first wavelength and a first polarization;
means for producing a second radiation substantially collinear with said first radiation and having a second wavelength and a second polarization substantially orthogonal to said first polarization;
containment means containing said sample, for allowing said first and second radiations to scatter from collisions with said particles in said sample;
polarization means receiving scattered first and second radiations for resolving said scattered first and second radiations, said polarization means having an axis of transmission along which resolved scattered first and second radiations pass;
photodetector means receiving and detecting said resolved scattered first and second radiations for outputting a beat frequency resulting from interaction between said resolved scattered first and second radiations, said beat frequency having a relative phase and amplitude; and
measurement means receiving said beat frequency for measuring and outputting said relative phase of said beat frequency, for use in identifying and characterizing said particles.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Interferometric apparatus and method for detection and characterization of particles using light scattered therefrom. Differential phase measurements on scattered light from particles are possible using the two-frequency Zeeman effect laser which emits two frequencies of radiation 250 kHz apart. Excellent discrimination and reproducibility for various pure pollen and bacterial samples in suspension have been observed with a single polarization element. Additionally, a 250 kHz beat frequency was recorded from an individual particle traversing the focused output from the laser in a flow cytometer.
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Citations
51 Claims
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1. Apparatus for the indentification and characterization of particles in a sample by observing light scattered therefrom, comprising in combination:
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means for producing a first radiation having a first wavelength and a first polarization; means for producing a second radiation substantially collinear with said first radiation and having a second wavelength and a second polarization substantially orthogonal to said first polarization; containment means containing said sample, for allowing said first and second radiations to scatter from collisions with said particles in said sample; polarization means receiving scattered first and second radiations for resolving said scattered first and second radiations, said polarization means having an axis of transmission along which resolved scattered first and second radiations pass; photodetector means receiving and detecting said resolved scattered first and second radiations for outputting a beat frequency resulting from interaction between said resolved scattered first and second radiations, said beat frequency having a relative phase and amplitude; and measurement means receiving said beat frequency for measuring and outputting said relative phase of said beat frequency, for use in identifying and characterizing said particles. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method for identifying and characterizing particles in a sample by observing light scattered therefrom, which comprises the steps of:
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producing a first radiation having a first wavelength and a first polarization; producing a second radiation substantially collinear with said first radiation and having a second wavelength and a second polarization substantially orthogonal to said first polarization; scattering said first and second radiations by irradiating said sample with said first and second radiations; receiving and resolving scattered first and second radiations along an axis of transmission having a predetermined polarization angle, and outputting resolved scattered first and second radiations; detecting said resolved scattered first and second radiations, said detection producing a beat frequency, having a relative phase and amplitude, from the interaction of said resolved scattered first radiation with said resolved scattered second radiation, and outputting said beat frequency; measuring said relative phase of said beat frequency; and outputting said relative phase for use in identifying and characterizing said particles. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30)
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25. Apparatus for the indentification and characterization of individual particles in a flow by observing light scattered therefrom, comprising in combination;
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means for producing a first radiation having a first wavelength and a first polarization; means for producing a second radiation substantially collinear with said first radiation and having a second wavelength and a second polarization substantially orthogonal to said first polarization; containment means controlling the flow of said individual particles for allowing said first and second wavelengths to scatter from collisions with said individual particles; polarization means receiving scattered first and second radiations for resolving said scattered first and second radiations, said polarization means having an axis of transmission along which resolved scattered first and second radiations pass; photodetector means receiving and detecting said resolved scattered first and second radiations for outputting the beat frequency resulting from the interaction between said resolved scattered first and second radiations, said beat frequency having a relative phase and amplitude; and measurement means receiving said beat frequency for measuring and outputting said relative phase as a function of time for use in identifying and characterizing said individual particles. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. A method for identifying and characterizing individual particles in a flow by observing light scattered therefrom, comprising the steps of:
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producing a first radiation having a first wavelength and a first polarization; producing a second radiation substantially collinear with said first radiation and having a second wavelength and a second polarization substantially orthogonal to said first polarization; scattering said first and second radiations by irradiating said particles in a flow with said first and second radiations; receiving and resolving scattered first and second radiations along an axis of transmission having a predetermined polarization angle, and outputting resolved scattered first and second radiatons; detecting said resolved scattered first and second radiations, said detection producing a beat frequency, having a relative phase and amplitude, from the interaction of said resolved scattered first radiation with said resolved scattered second radiation, and outputting said beat frequency; measuring said relative phase of said beat frequency as function of time; and outputting said relative phase of said beating frequency as a function of time for use in identifying and characterizing said individual particles. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51)
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Specification