Pulse combustion energy system

• US 4,767,313 A
• Filed: 04/23/1987
• Issued: 08/30/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: NEA Technology Transfer Corporation
• Original Assignee: Neal Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Lockwood, Hanford N. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): FOCARINO, MARGARET ANN
• Application Number:
  US07/041,805
• Time in Patent Office: 495 Days
• Field of Search: 431/1, 60/39.76, 60/39.77
• US Class Current: 431/1
• CPC Class Codes: F02G 1/02 of open-cycle type
• CPC Class Codes: F02G 2254/11 Catalytic burners
• CPC Class Codes: F02G 2258/10 ceramic
• CPC Class Codes: F23C 1/08 liquid and gaseous fuel
• CPC Class Codes: F23C 15/00 Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R7/00; starting devices F23D11/42
• CPC Class Codes: F26B 17/10 with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryersF26B3/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F26B 23/026 with pulse combustion, e.g. pulse jet combustion drying of particulate materials

Abstract

A pulse combustion energy system including a pulse combustor coupled to a processing tube for flowing material to be processed therethrough, the processing tube being coupled to a pair of cyclone collectors for receiving the material flowing therefrom. An operational recycling section is coupled to the cyclone collectors for flowing vapor from the cyclone collectors back to the upstream end of the processing tube. The pulse combustor includes a rotary valve, a combustion chamber, an inner tail pipe and an outer tail pipe. The combustion chamber and inner tail pipe are conical and tubular sections mounted in longitudinal compression, and the compressive forces are transmitted externally across the junction of the combustion chamber and tail pipe by a strongback assembly. The rotary valve includes first, second, and third closely adjacent cylinders defining an interior air chamber. The cylinders have radially oriented, substantially aligned apertures which define an air intake. Air passing from the air chamber into the combustion chamber passes through an annular passage which impedes air flow from the combustion chamber toward the air chamber to a greater extent than air flow from the air chamber to the combustion chamber. Control systems regulate the product feed rate, the system firing rate, the system flow rate, and the operating frequency of the pulse combustor.

Claims

1. A pulse combustor comprising:

a first tubular portion defining a combustion chamber;

means for flowing relatively high frequency pulses of a fuel and an oxidizer into the combustion chamber;

means for combusting the fuel for establishing high frequency hot gas pulses;

a second tubular portion downstream of and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber through which the hot gas pulses propagate; and

means for coupling the first and second tubular portions by longitudinally compressing them over substantially their entire lengths towards each other.

2. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 further comprising:

means for detecting hot gas pulses; and

means, coupled to the pulse detecting means and fuel flowing means, for impeding the flow of fuel into the combustion chamber when no hot gas pulse is detected by the pulse detecting means.

3. A pulse combustor according to claim 1 including means for limiting a contact force between adjoining end faces of the tubular portions to less than the force which compresses the portions towards each other.

4. A pulse combustor as in claim 3 wherein the limiting means comprises:

a first clamp affixed to the first tubular portion;

a second clamp affixed to the second tubular portion; and

means, coupled to the first and second clamps, for applying the contact force and for transmitting the force which compresses the first and second tubular portions towards each other externally of the adjoining end faces.

5. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 wherein the first and second tubular portions are constructed of a ceramic material extending homogeneously and uninterrupted from one end of each portion to another end thereof.

6. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 wherein the first and second portions comprise:

an outer metallic layer; and

an inner layer constructed of a ceramic material extending homogeneously and uninterrupted from one end of each portion to another end thereof.

7. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 wherein the first and second portions comprise:

an outer metallic layer; and

an inner layer constructed of a Zirconia-based material extending homogeneously and uninterrupted from one end of each portion to another end thereof.

8. A pulse combustor as in claim 5, 6 or 7 wherein inner surfaces of the first and second tubular portions have a layer of catalytic metal disposed homogeneously thereon for improving the combustion of the fuel and air.

9. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 further comprising means for draining accumulated liquid from the combustion chamber.

10. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 wherein the fuel and oxidizer flowing means includes means for flowing oxidizer-rich pulses of fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber.

11. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 wherein the fuel and oxidizer flowing means includes means for flowing stoichiometric pulses of fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber.

12. A pulse combustor as in claim 1 wherein the fuel and oxidizer flowing means includes means for flowing fuel-rich pulses of fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber.

13. A combustion chamber and outlet for a pulse combustor comprising:

a first tubular portion defining a combustion chamber for combusting a fuel and an oxidizer to produce high-frequency hot gas pulses;

a second tubular portion downstream of and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber through which the hot gas pulses propagate; and

means for coupling the first and second tubular portions by longitudinally compressing them over substantially their entire lengths toward each other.

14. A pulse combustor according to claim 13 including means for limiting a contact force between adjoining end faces of the tubular portions to less than the force which compresses the portions towards each other.

15. A pulse combustor as in claim 14 wherein the limiting means comprises:

a first clamp affixed to the first tubular portion;

a second clamp affixed to the second tubular portion; and

means, coupled to the first and second clamps, for applying the contact force and for transmitting the force which compresses the first and second tubular portions towards each other externally of the adjoining end faces.

16. A pulse combustor as in claim 13 wherein the first and second tubular portions are constructed of a ceramic material extending homogeneously and uninterrupted from one end of each portion to another end thereof.

17. A pulse combustor as in claim 13 wherein the first and second portions comprise:

an outer metallic layer; and

an inner layer constructed of a ceramic material extending homogeneously and uninterrupted from one end of each portion to another end thereof.

18. A pulse combustor as in claim 13 wherein the first and second portions comprise:

an outer metallic layer; and

an inner layer constructed of a Zirconia-based material extending homogeneously and uninterrupted from one end of each portion to another end thereof.

19. A pulse combustor as in claim 16, 17, or 18 wherein inner surfaces of the first and second tubular portions have a layer of catalytic metal disposed homogeneously thereon for improving the combustion of the fuel and air.

20. A pulse combustor as in claim 13 further comprising means for draining accumulated liquid from the combustion chamber.