Capillary heat transport and fluid management device

• US 4,770,238 A
• Filed: 06/30/1987
• Issued: 09/13/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: Owen, James W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Davis, Jr., Albert W.
• Application Number:
  US07/067,844
• Time in Patent Office: 441 Days
• Field of Search: 165/104.26, 165/907, 165/104.14, 122/366
• US Class Current: 165/104.26
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/0233 the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular F28D15/0241, F28D15/0266 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/04 with tubes having a capillary structure

Abstract

A passive heat transporting and fluid management apparatus including a housing in the form of an extruded body member having flat upper and lower surfaces is disclosed. A main liquid channel and at least two vapor channels extend longitudinally through the housing from a heat input end to a heat output end. The vapor channels have sintered powdered metal fused about the peripheries to form a porous capillary wick structure. A substantial number of liquid arteries extend transversely through the wicks adjacent the respective upper and lower surfaces of the housing, the arteries extending through walls of the housing between the vapor channels and the main liquid channel and open into the main liquid channel. Liquid from the main channel enters the artery at the heat input end, wets the wick and is vaporized. When the vapor is cooled at the heat output end, the condensed vapor refills the wick and the liquid reenters the main liquid channel.

Claims

1. Apparatus for transporting heat passively from a heat source to a heat sink, said apparatus comprising a longitudinally extending housing, a first elongated channel extending longitudinally through said housing for transporting a working fluid in the liquid phase therethrough, second channel means formed in said housing and extending longitudinally therethrough spaced from said first channel by rib portions of said housing, said second channel means defined by peripheral wall surfaces, a porous capillary wick formed on the peripheral wall surfaces of said second channel means, said wick extending only partially into said channel means to provide a central unobstructed longitudinal passageway therethrough for flow of said working fluid in the vapor phase, and a multiplicity of liquid distribution arteries formed transversely entirely though said wick and said rib portions and opening into said first channel but not opening into said central passageway of said second channel means, said liquid distribution arteries being spaced along the longitudinal extent of said housing for receiving liquid from said first channel for wetting said wick at one end of said housing and for supplying liquid to said first channel at the other end of said housing.

2. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said second channel means comprises at least a pair of channelways, each channelway having a respective wick disposed about the peripheries thereof and providing a central passageway, said first channel being disposed intermediate said second channelways.

3. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said housing comprises external top and bottom surfaces, said top and bottom surfaces being substantially flat planar surfaces for interfacing in abutting relationship with other apparatus having substantially flat planar surface.

4. Apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said second channel means comprises at least a pair of channelways, each channelway having a respective wick disposed about the peripheries thereof and providing a central passageway, said first channel being disposed intermediate said second channelways.

5. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein one longitudinal end of each of said first channel and said second channel means are closed.

6. Apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein one longitudinal end of said second channelways are connected together in flow communication by a manifold.

7. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, including a plurality of said housings, means for connecting one longitudinal end of said first channel of the housings together in flow communication, and means for connecting one longitudinal end of said second channel means of the housings together in flow communication.

8. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said housing comprises a plurality of first channels disposed adjacent to each other in substantially parallel relationship, and a plurality of second channel means disposed adjacent each other in substantially parallel relationship, the liquid distribution arteries of each second channel extending transversely through the wicks in respective second channels and opening into a respective first channel.

9. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said liquid distribution arteries include insulation disposed transversely through said wick on surfaces thereof adjacent said housing remote from said passageway.

10. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said housing comprises a solid body member having said first channel and said second channel means formed therein, and said rib portions comprise portions of said body member.

11. Apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein said second channel means comprises at least a pair of channelways, each channelway having a respective wick disposed about the peripheries thereof and providing a central passageway, said first channel being disposed intermediate said second channelways.

12. Apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said housing comprises external top and bottom surfaces, said top and bottom surfaces being substantially flat planar surfaces for interfacing in abutting relationship with other apparatus having substantially flat planar surface.

13. Apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein one longitudinal end of each of said first channel and said channelways is closed.

14. Apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein said porous capillary wick comprises sintered metal particles.

15. Apparatus as recited in claim 14, wherein the sintered metal particles of said wick have capillary pore dimensions in the range of 10^-3 to 10^-7 meters.

16. Apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said porous capillary wick comprises sintered metal particles.

17. Apparatus as recited in claim 16, wherein the sintered metal particles of said wick have capillary pore dimensions in the range of 10^-3 to 10^-7 meters.

18. Apparatus for transporting heat passively from a heat source to a heat sink, said apparatus comprising a longitudinally extending metallic body member having substantially flat planar spaced apart surfaces to define upper and lower surfaces of said apparatus for transfer of heat therethrough, one end of said body member being defined as a heat receiving evaporator section and the opposite end being defined as aheat dissipating condenser section, a first elongated channel extending longitudinally through said body member from said evaporator section to said condenser section for transporting a working fluid in liquid phase therethrough, a pair of second channels formed in said body member and extending therethrough from said evaporator section to said condenser section at opposite transverse sides from said first channel and spaced therefrom by wall portions of said body member, said second channels having peripheral wall surfaces including sintered metal particles defining respective porous capillary wicks, a multiplicity of longitudinally spaced liquid distribution arteries formed transversely through the respective wick adjacent the upper and lower surfaces of said body member, said arteries extending through respective wall portions and opening into said first channel, means for enclosing the lateral ends of said channels for maintaining working fluid in said apparatus, said liquid distribution arteries being spaced along the longitudinal extent of said body member for receiving said fluid in the liquid phase from the first channel in the evaporator section for wetting said wicks and for supplying said fluid to the first channel in the liquid phase in the condenser section.