Material handling vehicle load retention apparatus

• US 4,781,514 A
• Filed: 04/27/1987
• Issued: 11/01/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Caterpillar Industrial Incorporated A Ohio Corporation A Wholly-Owened Subsidiary of Caterpillar Incorporated
• Original Assignee: X Caterpillar Industrial Incorporated
• Inventors: Schneider, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Valenza, Joseph E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bucci, David A.
• Application Number:
  US07/043,005
• Time in Patent Office: 554 Days
• Field of Search: 414/527-536, 414/519, 414/520, 414/345, 193/32, 193/35 A, 193/40, 198/463.4, 198/463.6, 198/633
• US Class Current: 414/520
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/38 with automatic control
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/44 Industrial trucks or floor conveyors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/32 Auto pilot mode
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/60 using power supplied by batteries in combination with fuel cells B60L50/75
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60P 1/52 using rollers in the load-transporting element
• CPC Class Codes: B66F 9/063 Automatically guided
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/60 Electric or hybrid propulsion means for production processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Load retention devices for material handling vehicles are inadequate in maintaining load position and inflexible in load transfer operations. First and second blocking devices having elevationally movable gates are mounted adjacent opposite sides of the frame of a material handling vehicle and adjacent a load supporting apparatus. The first and second gates are guided for elevational movement between a first position above the load supporting apparatus at which a load on the load supporting apparatus is blocked from side passing movement and a second position beneath the load supporting apparatus at which the load is free to pass the first and second sides. A first power device is provided for selectively moving the first gate member between the first and second elevational positions and a second power device is provided for selectively moving the second gate between the first and second positions. Due to the flexibility in operation of the first and second blocking devices they are particularly suited for use on automatic guided vehicles.

Claims

1. A material handling vehicle, comprising:

a frame having first and second spaced apart sides;

means for supporting a load on said frame at a location between said first and second spaced apart sides, said load supporting means defining a supporting surface plane;

first means for blocking movement of the load on said load supporting means in a first direction transverse and in passing relationship relative to said first side, said first blocking means having a gate member, said first blocking means gate member having upper and lower end portions and being movably connected to the frame adjacent the frame first side, said upper end portion of the first blocking means gate member extending above the supporting surface plane at a first position of said first blocking means and being disposed beneath the supporting surface plane at a second position of the first blocking means;

second means for blocking movement of the load on said load supporting means in a second direction transverse and in passing relationship relative to the second side, said second blocking means having a gate member, said second blocking means gate member having upper and lower end portions and being movably connected to the frame adjacent said frame second side, said upper end portion of the second blocking means gate member extending above the supporting surface plane at the first position of the second blocking means and being disposed beneath the supporting surface plane at the second position of the second blocking means;

a first power means for moving the first blocking means gate member between the first position at which said load is blocked from side passing movement in said first direction on said load supporting means and the second position at which said load is free to move in side passing relationship in said first direction on said load supporting means, said first power means having a first lever assembly, a second lever assembly, a tie rod and a linear actuator, said first lever assembly having first and second end portions and a middle portion, said first lever assembly being pivotally connected at the first lever assembly first end portion to the lower end portion of the first blocking means gate member and being pivotally connected at the middle portion to the frame, said second lever assembly having first and second end portions and a middle portion, said second lever assembly being pivotally connected at the second lever assembly first end portion to the lower end blocking means gate member spaced from the first lever assembly first end portion and said second lever assembly middle portion being pivotally connected to the frame, said tie rod having first and second spaced apart end portions and being pivotally connected at the tie rod first end portion to the second end portion of the first lever assembly and being pivotally connected at the tie rod second end portion to the second end portion of the second lever assembly, said linear actuator having a housing and a rod, said rod being slidably connected to the housing and extensibly movable relative to the housing, said rod being pivotally connected to the first lever assembly and said housing being connected to the frame; and

a second power means for moving the second blocking means gate member between a first position at which said load is blocked from side passing movement in said second direction on said load supporting means and a second position at which said load is free to move in side passing relationship in said second direction on said load supporting means.

2. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 1 wherein said second power means includes:

a first lever assembly having first and second end portions and a middle portion, said first lever assembly being pivotally connected at the first end portion to the lower end portion of the second blocking means gate member and being pivotally connected at the middle portion to the frame;

a second lever assembly having first and second end portions and a middle portion, said second lever assembly being pivotally connected at the second lever assembly first end portion to the lower end portion of the second blocking means gate member at a location on the second blocking means gate member spaced from the connection of the first lever assembly first end portion, said second lever assembly middle portion being pivotally connected to the frame;

a tie rod having first and second spaced apart end portions and being pivotally connected at the tie rod first end portion to the second end portion of the first lever assembly and being pivotally connected at the tie rod second end portion to the second end portion of the second lever assembly;

a linear actuator having a housing and a rod, said rod being slidably connected to the housing and extensibly movable relative to the housing, said rod being pivotally connected to the first lever assembly and said housing being mounted on the frame.

3. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first and second power means each include a motor, said motor of the first power means being mounted on the housing of the linear actuator of the first power means and being drivingly connected to the rod of the linear actuator of the first power means and said motor of the second power means being mounted on the housing of the linear actuator of the second power means and being drivingly connected to the rod of the linear actuator of the second power means, said motors being connected to a power source.

4. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said load supporting means includes a plurality of consecutively arranged elongated rollers each having first and second spaced apart end portions and an outer cylindrical surface, said rollers being rotatably connected at said first and second end portions to the frame, said outer cylindrical roller surfaces being substantially parallel to each other and to said first and second gate members, said outer cylindrical roller surfaces have a longitudinal line of tangency defining said supporting surface plane and said supporting surface plane being oriented to intersect at an angle the first and gate members.

5. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 4, wherein said rollers are powered by a roller drive motor and rotatable about said roller first and second end portions in response to rotation of said roller drive motor, said roller drive motor being controllable to change the direction of rotation of said rollers.

6. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said frame first side includes a first pair of spaced apart substantially parallel support members defining a first guideway, and said frame second side includes a second pair of spaced apart substantially parallel support members defining a second guideway, said first gate member being slidably disposed in the first guideway and said second gate member being slidably disposed in the second guideway.

7. A material handling vehicle, comprising:

a frame having first and second spaced apart sides;

means for supporting a load on said frame at a location between said first and second spaced apart sides, said load supporting means defining a supporting surface plane;

first means for blocking movement of the load on said load supporting means in a first direction transverse and in passing relationship relative to said first side, said first blocking means having a gate member, said first blocking means gate member having upper and lower end portions and being movably connected to the frame adjacent the frame first side, said upper end portion of the first blocking means gate member extending above the supporting surface plane at a first position of said first blocking means and being disposed beneath the supporting surface plane at a second position of the first blocking means;

second means for blocking movement of the load on said load supporting means in a second direction transverse and in passing relationship relative to the second side, said second blocking means having a gate member, said second blocking means gate member having upper and lower portions and being movably connected to the frame adjacent said frame second side, said upper end portion of the second blocking means gate member extending above the supporting surface plane at the first position of the second blocking means and being disposed beneath the supporting surface plane at the second position of the second blocking means;

power means for elevationally moving said first and second blocking means between the first position at which said load is blocked from side passing movement in said first and second directions on said load supporting means and the second position at which said load is free to move in said passing relationship in said first and second directions on said load supporting means;

a first sensing means for sensing the elevational position of the first blocking means gate member and delivering a first signal in response to the first blocking means gate member being at the first position and delivering a second signal in response to the first blocking means gate member being at the second position; and

a second sensing means for sensing the elevational position of the second blocking means gate member and delivering a first signal in response to the second blocking means gate member being at the first position and delivering a second signal in response to the second blocking means gate member being at the second position, said first and second sensing means each include first and second inductive proximity sensors capable of delivering a light signal and receiving a reflection of the light signal, said first inductive proximity sensor of the first sensing means being located on the frame adjacent the lower end portion of the first blocking means gate member at the first position of the first gate member, said second inductive proximity sensor of the first sensing means being located on the frame adjacent the lower end portion of the first blocking means gate member at the second position of the first blocking means gate member, said first inductive proximity sensor of the second sensing means being located on the frame adjacent the lower end portion of the second blocking means gate member at the first position of the second blocking means gate member, and said second inductive proximity sensor of the second sensing means being located on the frame adjacent the lower end portion of the second blocking means gate member at the second position of the second blocking means gate member.

8. An automatic guided material handling vehicle, comprising:

a frame having first and second spaced apart sides;

a plurality of rollers rotatably connected to the frame and defining a supporting surface plane, said rollers being adapted to guide movement of a load supported on the rollers in a first direction transverse the first side and in a second direction transverse the second side;

a first gate member having upper and lower end portions and being connected to said frame at a location adjacent the first side;

a second gate member having upper and lower end portions and being connected to the frame at a location adjacent the second side;

a first power means for elevationally moving the first gate member between a first position at which the upper end portion of the first gate member extends elevationally above the supporting surface plane and a second position at which the upper end portion of the first gate member is elevationally below the supporting surface plane;

a second power means for elevationally moving the second gate member between a first position at which an upper end portion of the second gate member extends elevationally above the supporting surface plane and a second position at which the upper end portion of the second gate member is elevationally below the supporting surface plane, said first and second power means each include a tie rod and first and second spaced apart lever assemblies having first and second spaced apart end portions and a middle portion, and said first end portion of the first and second lever assemblies of the first power means being pivotally connected at spaced apart locations to the lower end portion of the first gate member, and said first end portion of the first and second lever assemblies of the second power means being pivotally connected at spaced apart locations to the lower end portion of the second gate member, said middle portion of the first and second lever assemblies of the first power means being pivotally connected to the frame at spaced apart locations on the frame adjacent the first gate member, and said middle portion of the first and second levers of the second power means being pivotally connected to the frame at spaced apart locations on the frame adjacent the second gate member, said tie rod of the first power means being connected to and between the second end portion of the first power means first and second levers, and said tie rod of the second power means being connected to and between the second end portion of the second power means first and second levers.

9. An automatic guided material handling vehicle as set forth in claim 8, wherein said first and second power means each include a linear actuator having a rod, a motor, and a housing pivotally connected to the frame, said rod of the first power means being slidably extensibly connected to the housing of the first power means and pivotally connected to said first lever assembly of the first power means, and said rod of the second power means being slidably extensibly connected to the housing of the second power means and pivotally connected to said first lever assembly of the second power means, said motor of the first power means being mounted on the housing of the first power means and drivingly connected to said rod of the first power means, and said motor of the second power means being mounted on the housing of the second power means and drivingly connected to said rod of the second power means.

10. An automatic guided material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 8, wherein said frame first side includes a first pair of spaced apart substantially parallel support members defining a first guideway and said frame second side includes a second pair of spaced apart parallel support members defining a second guideway, said first gate member being slidably disposed in the first guideway and said second gate member being slidably disposed in the second guideway.

11. An automatic guided vehicle as set forth in claim 10, including:

a first pair of bearing pads disposed in the first guideway and connected to the first pair of support members, respectively;

a second pair of bearing pads disposed in the second guideway and connected to the second pair of support members, respectively, said first and second gate members being slidably guidably engaged with said first and second pair of bearing pads, respectively.

12. An automatic guided material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 8, wherein said lower end portion of the first and second gates have a sensing edge, and including:

a first sensing means for sensing the elevational position of the first gate member sensing edge and delivering a first signal in response to the first gate member being at the first position and delivering a second signal in response to the first gate member being at the second position;

a second sensing means for sensing the elevational position of the second gate member sensing edge and delivering a first signal in response to the second gate member being at the first position and delivering a second signal in response to the second gate member being at the second position.