Optical fiber coupler

• US 4,784,452 A
• Filed: 08/01/1986
• Issued: 11/15/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fitel USA Corporation
• Original Assignee: Ensign-Bickford Optics Company
• Inventors: Hodge, Malcolm H., Dillon, Richard T., Moras, James A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Application Number:
  US06/892,799
• Time in Patent Office: 837 Days
• Field of Search: 350/96.15, 350/96.16, 350/96.2, 350/96.29
• US Class Current: 385/48
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2852 using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 359/90 Methods

Abstract

An optical fiber coupler and method of making same wherein a tap optical fiber free end is adjacent to and facing the unclad region in an intermediate portion of the length of a bus optical fiber at an angle permitting lightwave communication therebetween. A junction medium, preferably a cured resin, encapsulates the tap fiber free end and the bus fiber unclad region to provide a path for the lightwave communication.

Claims

1. An optical fiber coupler comprising:

a length of a bus optical fiber having an unclad region exposing the fiber core in an intermediate portion thereof;

at least one tap optical fiber having a free end and a core-exposing face thereon, said free end of said tap optical fiber being spaced from but adjacent to said bus optical fiber with the face of said free end generally facing said bus optical fiber unclad region, the axes of said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber being positioned to permit lightwave communication between said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber; and

a junction medium encapsulating said tap optical fiber free end face and said bus optical fiber unclad region, said junction medium filling the space between said tap optical fiber free end face and said bus optical fiber core as providing a path for lightwave communication between said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber.

2. The coupler of claim 1 wherein said junction medium is rigid and wherein said junction medium further fixes said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber in said position.

3. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the maximum included angle between said tap optical fiber axis and said bus optical fiber axis is no greater than the sum of the maximum bus optical fiber unclad region acceptance angle and the maximum tap fiber acceptance angle.

4. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the maximum included angle between said tap optical fiber axis and said bus optical fiber axis is no greater than the maximum bus optical fiber unclad region acceptance angle.

5. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the axis of said bus optical fiber has a positive curvature at said unclad region.

6. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the tap optical fiber free end face is substantially perpendicular to the tap optical fiber axis.

7. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the junction medium index of refraction is greater than or equal to the bus optical fiber cladding index of refraction.

8. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the junction medium index of refraction is less than the bus optical fiber core index of refraction.

9. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the junction medium index of refraction is between the bus optical fiber core index of refraction and the bus optical fiber cladding index of refraction.

10. The coupler of claim 1 wherein the junction medium comprises a cured resin.

11. An optical fiber coupler comprising:

a length of a bus optical fiber having an unclad region exposing the fiber core in an intermediate portion thereof

at least one tap optical fiber having a free end and a core-exposing face thereon, said free end of said tap optical fiber being spaced from but adjacent to said bus optical fiber with the face of said free end generally facing said bus optical fiber unclad region, the axes of said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber being positioned such that the angle between the respective axes is no greater than the sum of the maximum bus optical fiber unclad region acceptance angle and the maximum tap fiber acceptance angle to permit lightwave communication between said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber; and

a rigid, cured resin encapsulating said tap optical fiber free end face and said bus optical fiber unclad region and fixing said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber at said angle, said cured resin filling the space between providing a path for lightwave communication between said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber.

12. The coupler of claim 11 wherein the tap optical fiber free end face is substantially perpendicular to the tap optical fiber axis.

13. The coupler of claim 11 wherein the cured resin index of refraction is greater than or equal to the bus optical fiber cladding index of refraction.

14. The coupler of claim 11 wherein the cured resin index of refraction is less than the bus optical fiber core index of refraction.

15. The coupler of claim 11 wherein the cured resin index of refraction is between the bus optical fiber core index of refraction and the bus optical fiber cladding index of refraction.

16. A method of coupling optical fibers comprising:

(a) providing a length of a bus optical fiber having an unclad region exposing the fiber core in an intermediate portion thereof;

(b) providing at least one tap optical fiber having a free end and a core-exposing face thereon;

(c) positioning said tap optical fiber free end adjacent to but spaced from said bus optical fiber with the face of said free end generally facing said bus optical fiber unclad region; and

(d) encapsulating said tap fiber free end and said bus optical fiber unclad region with a junction medium and filling the space between said free end and said unclad region with a junction medium,

thereby providing for lightwave communication between said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said positioning in step (c) precedes said encapsulating in step (d).

18. The method of claim 16 wherein said junction medium is a resin and wherein said method includes the step of curing said resin following step (d).

19. The method of claim 16 including the step of positioning said tap optical fiber free end at a distance from said bus optical fiber unclad region sufficient to match the diameter of said tap optical fiber free end to the projected area of a lightwave signal emitted from said bus optical fiber unclad region.

20. The method of claim 16 including the step of positioning said tap optical fiber free end at a distance from said bus optical fiber unclad region sufficient to match the area of said bus optical fiber unclad region to the projected area of a lightwave signal emitted from said tap optical fiber free end.

21. A method of coupling optical fibers comprising:

(a) providing a length of a bus optical fiber having a light guiding core and a surrounding layer of cladding;

(b) removing a portion of the bus optical fiber cladding in an intermediate portion of said length to provide an unclad region on said bus optical fiber;

(c) providing at least one tap optical fiber having a free end and a core-exposing face thereon;

(d) positioning said tap optical fiber free end adjacent to but spaced from said bus optical fiber with the face of said free end facing said bus optical fiber unclad region such that the angle between the tap optical fiber axis and the bus optical fiber axis is no greater than the sum of the maximum bus fiber unclad region acceptance angle and the maximum tap fiber acceptance angle;

(e) encapsulating said tap fiber and said bus optical fiber unclad region including the space therebetween with a resin; and

(f) curing said resin,

thereby providing for lightwave communication between said tap optical fiber and said bus optical fiber.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said positioning in step (d) precedes said encapsulating in step (e).

23. The method of claim 21 wherein said step (d) positioning is at an angle no greater than the maximum bus fiber unclad region acceptance angle.

24. The method of claim 21 including the step of positioning said tap optical fiber free end at a distance from said bus optical fiber unclad region sufficient to match the diameter of said tap optical fiber free end to the projected area of a lightwave signal emitted from said bus optical fiber unclad region.

25. The method of claim 21 including the step of positioning said tap optical fiber free end at a distance from said bus optical fiber unclad region sufficient to match the area of said bus optical fiber unclad region to the projected area of a lightwave signal emitted from said tap optical fiber free end.