Method and apparatus for generating variably scaled displays

• US 4,790,028 A
• Filed: 09/12/1986
• Issued: 12/06/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Paramount Global (f/k/a ViacomCBS Inc.))
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Paramount Global (f/k/a ViacomCBS Inc.))
• Inventors: Ramage, William W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Couso, Jose L.
• Application Number:
  US06/906,718
• Time in Patent Office: 816 Days
• Field of Search: 364/188, 364/514, 364/518, 364/521, 364/522, 340/712, 340/731, 358/22, 358/100, 358/903, 358/180, 382/41, 382/44, 382/45, 382/46, 382/47, 382/49
• US Class Current: 382/298
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04805 Virtual magnifying lens, i.e. window or frame movable on top of displayed information to enlarge it for better reading or selection
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04845 for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/047 Fisheye or wide-angle transformations

Abstract

Portions of an image generated on an electronic display device are magnified for closer examination while other areas are compressed so that no material is lost from the total viewing area. To achieve this, the image is divided into segments with some assigned scaling functions having values greater than one and others assigned scaling functions having values less than one in a manner such that the mean value of the scaling functions across the screen is one. A transformation function is generated for each segment as a function of the assigned scaling functions. Each image point is then transformed using the appropriate transformation function an a rescaled image is generated from the rescaled image points. The variably scaled image can be generated on a touch screen device such that an area to be magnified can be designated by touching the screen at the desired location and the value of the scaling function can be set as a function of the length of time that the screen is touched.

Claims

1. A method of variably rescaling a total image composed of a plurality of image points disposed within boundaries of the total image for display within a display area of fixed dimensions, without altering the boundaries of the total image displayed, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing the total image into image area segments,

assigning a selected scaling function to each image area segment, each said selected scaling function being assigned such that the selected scaling function in at least one image area segment has a value greater than one and the selected scaling function in at least another image area segment has a value smaller than one, but with the selected scaling functions over the total image having a mean value equal to one in all directions,

generating an associated transformation function for each image area segment as a function of the selected scaling function,

generating transformed image points for each image area segment in accordance with the associated transformation function, and

generating in said display area of fixed dimensions a rescaled image utilizing the transformed image points such that the total image remains displayed although at least one image area segment of the total image is magnified.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of dividing the total image into image area segments comprises dividing the total image into a first image area segment which is to be magnified and at least a second image area segment which is to be compressed and wherein the step of assigning scaling functions includes assigning a first scaling function having values greater than one to said first image area segment and assigning a second scaling function having values less than one to said second image area segment.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the first scaling function assigned to said first image area segment is a constant over the segment.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the size of the first image area segment is selected as an inverse function of the values of the first scaling function.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the size of said first image area segment is selected relative to said first scaling function such that the first image area segment when magnified covers an area which is a constant for all values of said first scaling function.

6. The method of claim 5 including the step of providing means for selecting said first scaling function which thereby also determines the size of said first image area segment.

7. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of selecting said first image area segment includes selecting a circular first image area segment and wherein the step of selecting a scaling function for the second image area comprises selecting a scaling function which varies as a function of a radial distance from the center of the circular first image area segment to the boundaries of said total image for all angular positions around said circular first image area segment.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the radius of the circular first image area segment is selected as an inverse function of the value of the first scaling function.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the radius of the circular first image area segment is selected relative to said first scaling function to maintain the radius of the circular first image area segment when magnified by the first scaling function at a preselected constant value such that the radius of the circular first image area segment is selected by selection of the first scaling function.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of selecting said circular first image area segment comprises selecting a location of the center thereof and selecting a desired first scaling function.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said display is generated on a touch screen and said circular first image area segment is selected by touching said touch screen at the selected location of the center thereof.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the value of said first scaling function is selected as a function of a length of time that the touch screen is touched to select the selected location of the center of the first image area segment.

13. The method of claim 2 wherein said first scaling function, which has a value greater than one, is a constant over the first image area segment, wherein said step of dividing the total image into a first, and at least a second image area segment, comprises dividing the total image into a first, a second and a third image area segment with said third image area segment surrounding said first image area segment and wherein the step of assigning scaling functions includes assigning a scaling function to said third image area segment which has a mean value between the value of said first and second scaling functions.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said total image is divided into a circular first image area segment, a ring shaped third image area segment concentric with and adjacent to said first image area segment and a second image area segment which surrounds the third image area segment, and wherein said second and third scaling functions assigned to said second and third image area segments respectively are functions of a radial distance between the center of the circular first image area segment and the boundaries of the total image for all angular positions around said circular first image area segment.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of generating scaling functions for each image area segment is limited to generating scaling functions which vary in only one cartesian coordinate.

16. A method of variably rescaling a total image on a display composed of a plurality of image points displayed within total image boundaries without varying the boundaries of the total image displayed comprising the steps of:

assigning a variable valued scaling function to at least a segment of said total image, said variable valued scaling function having a value which varies over said segment of said total image such that a mean value of said scaling function over said segment of said total image is one,

generating a transformation function for said segment of said total image which is a function of said variable valued scaling function,

transforming image points for said segment of said total image in accordance with said transformation function, and

generating a rescaled image utilizing the transformed image points such that the total image remains displayed although a part thereof is magnified.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said variable valued scaling function is a trigonometric function.

18. In a method of operating a nuclear power plant which includes monitoring conditions in a selected plant system and generating a plant system display image representative of the selected plant system including visual indications of monitored conditions in the selected plant system on a display device having an image area of fixed dimensions, the improvement comprising:

selecting a segment of the plant system display image for magnification and a scaling function therefor having an average value greater than one, selecting a scaling function having an average value less than one for the remaining segment of the plant system display image which will maintain a mean scaling value of one across the plant system display image, generating a transformation function for each segment of the plant system display as a function of the selected scaling function therefor, transforming image points for each image area segment in accordance with the transformation function therefor, and generating on the display device a rescaled image utilizing the transformed image points such that all of the selected plant system image remains displayed although a segment thereof is magnified.

19. Apparatus for variably rescaling a display composed of a plurality of image points disposed within a total image area of a predetermined size without altering the size of the total image area displayed, said apparatus comprising:

memory means for storing signals representative of image points on the display;

means for generating input signals representative of segments of the total image area to be magnified and scaling functions therefor;

a digital computer programmed to generate in response to said input signals, scaling functions for segments of said total image area outside the segments of the total image area to be magnified such that a mean value of the scaling functions across the total image area is equal to one, to generate a transformation function for each total image area segment as a function of the scaling function generated therefor, and to generate rescaled image point signals by applying an appropriate total image area segment transformation function to each of the image point signals stored in memory,

a display generator to which said rescaled image point signals are applied to generate display signals, and

a display device to which the display signals are applied to generate a variably rescaled visual display composed of rescaled image points.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said display device comprises a touch screen device on which said display is generated and said means for generating input signals includes the screen of said touch screen device by which a signal indicating the area to be magnified is generated by touching the screen.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the segment of the total image area to be magnified is circular and said screen is responsive to a touch at a desired location to generate a signal representative of the center of the circular area to be magnified and wherein the means for generating input signals includes means responsive to a duration of the signal representative of the center of the area to be magnified and thus to a length of time that the touch screen is touched for generating a signal representative of a desired value of the scaling function for the circular segment of the total image area to be magnified.

22. The apparatus of claim 19 adapted for use in generating a variably rescaled display of a selected system in a nuclear power plant including:

monitoring means for monitoring selected conditions in the selected system and for generating signals representative thereof which are stored in said memory means as additional image point signals, and wherein said digital computer is further programmed to generate additional rescaled image point signals from said additional image point signals using the appropriate image area segment transformation function, wherein said display generator generates additional display signals therefrom, and wherein said display device generates a display which includes said additional rescaled image points.