Apparatus for fusion joining plastic pipe

• US 4,792,374 A
• Filed: 04/03/1987
• Issued: 12/20/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 04/03/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Georg Fischer AG
• Original Assignee: Georg Fischer AG
• Inventors: Rianda, Kent A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hoag, Willard
• Application Number:
  US07/034,895
• Time in Patent Office: 627 Days
• Field of Search: 165/61, 165/77, 165/169, 156/304.2, 156/499, 156/503, 156/498, 156/158, 156/502, 156/544, 156/556, 264/248, 264/36, 264/327
• US Class Current: 156/503
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 37/003 Cooling means
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2035/1616 using liquids
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2035/1658 using gas
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 35/041 using liquids
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/18 using heated tools
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/26 Hot fluid
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/305 involving the use of cartridge heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/7802 Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/1142 Single butt to butt joints
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/3472 in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/348 Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/5221 for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/5229 involving the use of a socket
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/634 using an inflatable core
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/71 characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined welding bar compositions B29C65/125
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/80 General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81261 Thermal properties, e.g. thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81423 being concave
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81435 comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping comprising a single ridge B29C66/81427
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81455 being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part B29C66/82421
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81811 : of the welding jaws
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81815 : of the clamps
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/8264 : using the thermal expansion of the parts to be joined
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/861 : Hand-held tools
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/9672 : involving special data inputs, e.g. involving barcodes, RFID tags
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/06 : PE, i.e. polyethylene
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/12 : PP, i.e. polypropylene
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/18 : Polymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms, e.g. polymers of butylene, e.g. PB, i.e. polybutylene
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2027/06 : PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2027/12 : containing fluorine
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2027/16 : PVDF, i.e. polyvinylidene fluoride
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2055/02 : ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1715 : Means joining indefinite length work edge to edge
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1744 : Means bringing discrete articles into assembled relationship

Abstract

Apparatus for butt-end joining two pieces of plastic pipe including an inflatable mandrel and heated clamping means for enclosing the abutted pipe ends over a first and second connection ends over the thermally controlled region which extends bilaterally beyond the melt region. This end-surrounding apparatus then cooperates both with a companion apparatus employed for the described internal support and with the unmelted longitudinally adjacent portions of the subject first and second connection ends both to prevent undesired deformational flow of melted component material and to bonding-conducively pressurize the softened component-to-component interface area.

Claims

1. An apparatus for fusion joining first and second, substantially axially abutted piping system component connection ends, comprising:

support means, internal to the subject first and second piping system ends, for controllably producing an outwardly radial force against the inside surfaces of the subject first and second ends over a region that is longitudinally greater than a melt region which includes the interface and terminal portions of the subject ends; and

heat enabling means (1) for surrounding the subject first and second piping system ends over a thermally controlled region extending longitudinally and bilaterally beyond the melt region which is substantially centrally located therein, and (2) for enabling a longitudinally differentiated thermal driving of the thermally controlled region in which the melt region is heated at least to its material softening point while the bilateral, longitudinally adjacent portions of the thermally controlled region are affirmatively maintained at temperatures lower than the softening point, said heat enablement means cooperating with said internal support means and the unmelted portions of the subject first and second ends to contain the melt region, said heat enabling means comprising;

(a) a longitudinally centrally located annular channel for receiving material softening hot forced fluid and for separating the melt region from the received forced fluid, said centrally located annular channel thermally transferring thermal energy to said melt region; and

(b) thermally conductive fins internal to said centrally located channel.

2. An apparatus for fusion joining first and second, substantially axially abutted piping system component connection ends, comprising:

support means, internal to the subject first and second piping system ends, for controllably producing an outwardly radial force against the inside surfaces of the subject first and second ends over a region that is longitudinally greater than a melt region which includes the interface and terminal portions of the subject ends; and

heat enabling means (1) for surrounding the subject first and second piping system ends over a thermally controlled region extending longitudinally and bilaterally beyond the melt region which is substantially centrally located therein, and (2) for enabling a longitudinally differentiated thermal driving of the thermally controlled region in which the melt region is heated at least to its material softening point while the bilateral, longitudinally adjacent portions of the thermally controlled region are affirmatively maintained at temperatures lower than the softening point, said heat enablement means cooperating with said internal support means and the unmelted portions of the subject first and second ends to contain the melt region, said heat enabling means comprising;

(a) a longitudinally centrally located annnular channel for receiving material softening hot forced fluid and for separating the melt region from the received forced fluid, said centrally located annular channel thermally transferring thermal energy to said melt region; and

(b) cooling fins on either side of said centrally located annular channel.

3. An apparatus for fusion joining first and second, substantially axially abutted piping system component connection ends, comprising:

support means, internal to the subject first nd second piping system ends, for controllably producing an outwardly radial force against the inside surfaces of the subject first and second ends over a region that is longitudinally greater than a melt region which includes the interface and terminal portions of the subject ends; and

heat enabling means (1) for surrounding the subject first and second piping system ends over a thermally controlled region extending longitudinally and bilaterally beyond the melt region which is substantially centrally located therein, and (2) for enabling a longitudinally differentiated thermal driving of the thermally controlled region in which the melt region is heated at least to its material softening point while the bilateral, longitudinally adjacent portions of the thermally controlled region are affirmatively maintained at temperatures lower than the softening point, said heat enablement means cooperating with said internal support means and the unmelted portions of the subject first and second ends to contain the melt region, said heat enabling means comprising;

(a) a longitudinally centrally located annnular channel for receiving material softening hot forced fluid and for separating the melt region from the received forced fluid, said centrally located annular channel thermally transferring thermal energy to said melt region; and

(b) further annular channels displaced from and on either side of said centrally located channel for receiving forced fluid having a temperature less than the material softening point of the thermoplastic material of the melt region.

4. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 3 wherein said centrally located annular channel and said further annular channels include internal thermally conductive fins.

5. An apparatus for fusion joining first and second thermoplastic piping system component connection ends, comprising:

securing means for securing the first and second piping system component connection ends in substantially abutted, axial alignment without positive axial pressure and for preventing axial displacement of the piping system component connection ends during the fusion process;

a containment mandrel for surrounding the first and second piping system connection ends, substantially without positive pressure, over a thermally controlled region which includes (a) a melt region located substantially centrally therein and extending from the outside surfaces to the inside surfaces of the connection ends, and (b) bilateral longitudinally adjacent portions on either side of said melt region;

centrally located heating means thermally coupled to said containment mandrel for applying thermal energy to heat said melt region at least to its material softening point;

first and second cooling means on either side of said centrally located annular channel for dissipating heat to maintain said bilateral longitudinally adjacent portions at temperatures lower than the material softening point; and

a pressurizable bladder internal to the first and second connection ends and extending bilaterally beyond the melt region;

said pressurizable bladder being pressurized to cooperate with (a) said containment mandrel and (b) said bilateral longitudinal adjacent portions of the correction ends which remain solid and held in place by said securing means to prevent the displacement of said melt region in all directions which would otherwise result from the thermal expansion of said melt region, whereby pressure is developed in the softened melt region to induce intermingling of the softened thermoplastic material of said melt region.

6. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 5 wherein said first and second cooling means comprise cooling fins on either side of said centrally located annular channel.

7. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 5 wherein said centrally located annular channel includes internal thermally conductive fins.

8. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 5 wherein sid first and second cooling means comprise further annular channels displaced from and on either side of said centrally located annular channel for receiving forced fluid having a temperature less than the material softening point of the thermoplastic material of the melt region.

9. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 8 wherein centrally located annular channel and said further annular channels include internal thermally conductive fins.

10. An apparatus for fusion joining first and second thermoplastic piping system component connection ends, comprising:

securing means for securing the first and second piping system component connection ends in substantially abutted, axial alignment without positive axial pressure nd for preventing axial displacement of the piping system component connection ends during the fusion process;

a containment mandrel for surrounding the first and second piping system connection ends, substantially without positive pressure, over a thermally controlled region which includes (a) a melt region located substantially centrally therein and extending from the outside surfaces to the inside surfaces of said connection ends and (b) bilateral longitudinally adjacent portions on either side of said melt region;

centrally located heating means thermally coupled to said containment mandrel for applying thermal energy to heat said melt region at least to its material softening point;

first and second cooling means on either side of said centrally located heating means for dissipating heat to maintain said bilateral longitudinally adjacent portions at temperatures lower than the material softening point; and

a pressurizable bladder internal to the first and second connection ends and extending bilaterally beyond the melt region;

said pressurizable bladder being pressurized to cooperate with (a) said containment mandrel and (b) said bilateral longitudinally adjacent portions of the connection ends which remain solid and held in place by said securing means to prevent the displacement of said melt region in all directions which would otherwise result from the thermal expansion of said melt region, whereby pressure is developed in the softened melt region to induce intermingling of the softened thermoplastic material of said melt region.

11. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 10 wherein said containment mandrel comprises metal having a thermal conductivity less than that of aluminum.

12. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 10 wherein said containment mandrel comprises aluminum.

13. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 10 wherein said first and second cooling means comprise cooling fins on either side of said centrally located heating means.

14. The fusion joining apparatus of claim 10 wherein said first and second cooling means comprise annular channels displaced from and on either side of said centrally located heating means for receiving forced fluid having a temperature less than the material softening point of the thermoplastic material of the melt region.