Multifunction active array

• US 4,792,805 A
• Filed: 04/28/1987
• Issued: 12/20/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company Los Angeles CA
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Miglia, Egidio
• Primary Examiner(s): Blum, Theodore M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GREGORY, BERNARR E
• Application Number:
  US07/043,406
• Time in Patent Office: 602 Days
• Field of Search: 342/368-377, 342/383-389, 342/149-158
• US Class Current: 342/372
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/00 Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/24 varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/26 varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture H01Q3/12, H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence

Abstract

A multifunction active array system is disclosed, wherein the array aperture may be partitioned into a plurality of arbitrary subapertures. The array system includes N radiative elements, each coupled to a corresponding active module. Each module is in turn connected to an aperture partition selector, which includes an M-way power divider/combiner device, having a module port and M device ports. Each device port is coupled through an RF switch to a partition port of the device. M N-way manifolds are provided, having N manifold ports coupled to a respective one of said partition ports of each selector. The manifolds are coupled to a receiver and an excitation source. Each partition may be formed by the desired connection of a particular module to a manifold by the respective positions of the RF switches. The array system provides the capabilities of partitioning the array into M or less subapertures to simultaneously generate sum patterns, difference patterns, guard patterns, and adaptive nullings. The partitions on receive and transmit are independent, and they may differ in any arbitrary manner. The subapertures may overlap.

Claims

1. An array system for providing a plurality of array subapertures, comprising:

an array of N spaced radiative elements forming a radiative aperture;

N aperture partitioning selector devices respectively coupled one to a respective radiative element for dividing said radiative aperture into M or fewer subapertures, comprising;

an M-way power divider device having M device ports and a radiative element port coupled to said radiative element, said divider device adapted to divide the power of signals received at said radiative element into M component signals of substantially equal power at said device ports; and

means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider device to a corresponding partition port of said selector device;

M manifold apparatus having N manifold ports, each of said ports respectively connected to a corresponding partition port of said N aperture partitioning selectors, said manifold apparatus comprising means for combining the respective component signals at said corresponding partition ports of said N selector devices and providing a respective subaperture signal at an output port of each of said M manifold apparatus;

an array system controller coupled to said selector devices for controlling said means for selectively connecting said device ports to control the partitioning of said aperture into M or fewer subapertures, each subaperture comprising the radiative elements selectively connected to said respective manifold apparatus; and

a receiver responsive to said M subaperture signals to provide a selected partitioned aperture function.

2. The array system of claim 1 wherein said respective manifold apparatus comprises a uniform corporate network.

3. The array system of claim 1 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports to a corresponding partition port of said selector comprises M RF switches respectively selectively coupling a respective device port to a corresponding partition port.

4. The array system of claim 1 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider device to a corresponding selector port further comprises means for programmably phase shifting the respective electrical signals coupled between said respective device ports and said corresponding selector port, said phase shifting means being controlled by said system controller to steer the corresponding sub-aperture array beam to a desired direction.

5. The array system of claim 1 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider device to a corresponding selector port further comprises means for programmably attenuating the respective electrical signals coupled between said respective device ports and said corresponding selector port, said attenuating means being controlled by said system controller to achieve a desired amplitude weighting of the sub-aperture radiative elements.

6. The array system of claim 1 wherein further comprising means for roll stabilizing the respective array sub-apertures, comprising:

means for providing a roll signal indicative of the rotational position of an array reference plane of said array relative to a predetermined reference plane; and

wherein said array controller further comprises means responsive to said roll signal to control the means for selectively connecting said respective device ports to a corresponding partition port so as to adjust the connection of the radiative elements to particular sub-apertures to correct for the rolling of said aperture relative to said reference plane.

7. An active array system for providing a plurality of array subapertures, comprising:

an array of N spaced radiative elements forming a radiative aperture;

N active modules respectively coupled one to each radiative element, said modules comprising a receive channel comprising a low noise amplifier coupled to said corresponding radiative element for amplifying signals received at said corresponding radiative elements and providing said amplified receive signals at a module selector port;

N aperture partitioning selector devices respectively coupled one to a selector port of each module for dividing said radiative aperture into M or fewer subapertures, comprising;

an M-way power divider device having M device ports and a module port coupled to said selector port of said module, said divider device adapted to divide the power of said amplified receive signals at said module port into M component signals of substantially equal power at said device ports; and

means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider device to a corresponding partition port of said selector;

M manifold apparatus having N manifold ports, each of said ports respectively connected to a corresponding partition port of said N aperture partitioning selectors, said manifold apparatus comprising means for combining the respective component signals at said corresponding partition ports of said N aperture partitioning selectors and providing a respective subaperture signal at an output port of each of said M manifold apparatus;

an array system controller coupled to said aperture partition selectors for controlling said means for selectively connecting said device ports to control the partitioning of said aperture into M or fewer subapertures, each subaperture comprising the radiative elements and associated modules connected to said respective manifold apparatus; and

a receiver responsive to said M subaperture signals to provide a selected partitioned aperture function.

8. The array system of claim 7 wherein said respective manifold apparatus comprises a uniform corporate network.

9. The array system of claim 7 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports to a corresponding partition port of said selector comprises M RF switches respectively selectively coupling a respective device port to a corresponding partition port.

10. The array system of claim 7 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider device to a corresponding selector port further comprises means for programmably phase shifting the respective electrical signals coupled between said respective device ports and said corresponding selector port, said phase shifting means being controlled by said system controller to steer the corresponding sub-aperture array beam to a desired direction.

11. The array system of claim 7 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider device to a corresponding selector port further comprises means for programmably attenuating the respective electrical signals coupled between said respective device ports and said corresponding selector port, said attenuating means being controlled by said system controller to achieve a desired weighting of the subaperture radiative elements to reduce the beam sidelobe level.

12. The array system of claim 7 wherein further comprising means for roll stabilizing the respective array sub-apertures, comprising:

means for providing a roll signal indicative of the rotational position of an array reference plane of said array relative to a predetermined reference plane; and

wherein said array controller further comprises means responsive to said roll signal to control the means for selectively connecting said respective device ports to a corresponding partition port so as to adjust the connection of the radiative elements to particular sub-apertures to correct for the rolling of said aperture relative to said reference plane.

13. A multifunction active array system for providing a plurality of arbitrary array subapertures, comprising:

an array of N spaced radiative elements forming a radiative aperture;

N active modules respectively coupled one to each radiative element, said module comprising a transmit channel comprising a transmit amplifier for amplifying excitation signals and a receive channel comprising a low noise amplifier for amplifying signals received at said corresponding radiative element, and means for coupling either said transmit channel or said receive channel to said radiative element;

an excitation signal source for generating one or more excitation signals;

a plurality of aperture partitioning selectors coupled one to a selector port of each module for dividing said radiative aperture into M or fewer subapertures, each selector comprising;

an M-way power divider/combiner device having M device ports and a module port coupled to said selector port of said corresponding module; and

means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider/combiner device to a corresponding partition port of said selector;

M manifold apparatus having N manifold ports, each of said ports respectively connected to a corresponding partition port of said N aperture partitioning selectors, said manifold apparatus arranged to combine signals at said partition ports of the N modules and provide a combined subaperture signal at a combiner output of said manifold apparatus in a receive mode, said manifold apparatus being further arranged to divide an excitation input signal into N excitation module signals at said N ports of said manifold apparatus in a transmit mode; and

an array system controller coupled to said aperture partition selector and said modules for controlling said means for selectively connecting said device ports to control the partitioning of said aperture into M or fewer subapertures and to select either the receive channel or the transmit channel of said module.

14. The array system of claim 13 wherein said means for coupling either said transmit channel or said receive channel comprises a first RF switch for selectively connecting either the output of said transmit amplifier or the input of said low noise amplifier to said radiative element.

15. The array system of claim 14 wherein said means for coupling either said transmit channel or said receive channel of said respective modules further comprises a second RF switch for selectively coupling said module selector port to either the input of said transmit amplifier or the output of said low noise amplifier.

16. The array system of claim 15 wherein said modules each further comprise a beam steering phase shifter coupled between said second RF switch, said phase shifter controlled by said array controller for steering an array beam formed by said array in a desired direction.

17. The array system of claim 16 wherein said modules each further comprise a variable RF attenuator coupled between said second RF switch and said selector port of said module, said variable attenuator controlled by said array controller for weighting the contributions to the array beam from the corresponding radiative element.

18. The array system of claim 13 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports to a corresponding partition port of said selector comprises M RF switches respectively selectively coupling a respective device port to a corresponding partition port.

19. The array system of claim 13 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider/combiner device to a corresponding selector port further comprises means for programmably phase shifting the respective electrical signals between said respective device ports and said corresponding selector port, said phase shifting means being controlled by said system controller to steer the corresponding sub-aperture beam to a desired direction.

20. The array system of claim 13 wherein said means for selectively connecting said respective device ports of said power divider/combiner device to a corresponding selector port further comprises means for programmably attenuating the respective electrical signals coupled between said respective device ports and said corresponding selector port, said attenuating means controlled by said system controller to achieve a desired weighting of the sub-aperture radiative elements to reduce the beam sidelobe level.