Switching power supply VCO

• US 4,797,803 A
• Filed: 12/23/1987
• Issued: 01/10/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: DCI Technology
• Original Assignee: DCI Technology
• Inventors: Carroll, David T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Salce, Patrick R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): STERRETT, JEFFREY L
• Application Number:
  US07/137,788
• Time in Patent Office: 384 Days
• Field of Search: 363/21, 363/26, 363/41, 363/95, 363/97, 363/134
• US Class Current: 363/95
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33546 with automatic control of the output voltage or current H02M3/33561 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/0231 Astable circuits H03K3/0315 takes precedence

Abstract

An inventive oscillator, inter alia, is disclosed which can be used to generate a frequency modulated control signal or a pulsewidth modulated control signal for application to a switching means in a switching power supply. The output voltage of a power supply is used to control the magnitude of a high bias voltage and a low bias voltage applied to a plus terminal of a voltage comparator, wherein when the output of the voltage comparator is high, the high bias voltage is applied to the plus terminal, and when the output of the voltage comparator is low, the low bias voltage is applied to the plus terminal. A capacitor, coupled to the output of the voltage comparator via a resistor, is coupled between the minus terminal of the voltage comparator and a ground so that when the output of the voltage comparator is high the capacitor charges. When the voltage across the capacitor exceeds that of the high bias voltage, the output of the voltage comparator goes low, discharging the capacitor until the voltage across the capacitor reaches the low bias voltage now applied to the plus terminal of the voltage comparator. The output of the voltage comparator then goes high, and the cycle repeats, thus generating a squarewave output corresponding to the output voltage of the power supply.

Claims

1. A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) of the type used in a symmetrical switching power supply wherein the frequency of a squarewave control signal produced at an output terminal of said VCO, said control signal controlling a switching means to drive current symmetrically positive and negative through a magnetic device, controls a DC output voltage of said power supply, and wherein said frequency of said control signal is controlled by a VCO input signal, said VCO comprising:

a voltage comparator means having a plus(+) terminal and a minus(-) terminal, wherein if a voltage at said plus(+) terminal exceeds a voltage at said minus(-) terminal, said output terminal of said voltage comparator means will be at a high voltage, and if said voltage at said minus(-) terminal exceeds that voltage at said plus(+) terminal, said output terminal of said voltage comparator means will be at a low voltage;

a first resistor with one end coupled to said output terminal of said voltage comparator means;

a capacitor coupled between said resistor and a ground wherein said capacitor is coupled to said minus(-) terminal of said voltage comparator means, wherein said capacitor charges up when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a high voltage and discharges when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage;

a voltage divider formed by a plurality of resistors for providing a high bias voltage and a low bias voltage corresponding to voltages at each end of one of said plurality of resistors, wherein each end of said one of said plurality of resistors is coupled to sai plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means via a diode, and wherein said plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means is also coupled to said output terminal of said voltage comparator means via a second resistor so that when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a high voltage, said high bias voltage will be coupled to said plus(+) terminal, and when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage, said low bias voltage will be coupled to said plus(+) terminal, resulting in said capacitor charging to approximately said high bias voltage when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a high voltage and discharging to said low bias voltage when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage; and

,

a transistor means coupled to said voltage divider for shunting said one of said plurality of resistors forming said voltage divider and controlling the voltage difference between said high bias voltage and said low bias voltage, in response to said VCO input signal applied to a control terminal of said transistor, in order to control the frequency of said voltage at said output terminal of said voltage comparator means, said voltage at said output terminal being a squarewave.

2. A switching power supply comprising:

switching means for controlling current through a magnetic device;

rectifying and filtering means coupled to an output of said magnetic device for suppling power to an output load;

a drive circuit coupled to receive a control signal and coupled to control said switching means;

an oscillator coupled to said drive circuit for providing a squarewave control signal to said drive circuit, said squarewave control signal being modulated by a voltage applied to an input terminal of said oscillator, said oscillator comprising

a voltage comparator means having a plus (+) terminal and a minus (-) terminal, and having an output terminal, wherein if a voltage at said plus(+) terminal exceeds a voltage at said minus(-) terminal, said output terminal of said voltage comparator means will be at a high voltage, and if said voltage at said minus(-) terminal exceeds that voltage at said plus(+) terminal, said output terminal of said voltage comparator means will be at a low voltage,

a first resistor with one end coupled to said output terminal of said voltage comparator means,

a capacitor coupled between said resistor and a ground wherein said capacitor is coupled to said minus(-) terminal of said voltage comparator means, wherein said capacitor charges up when said output terminal of voltage comparator means is at a high voltage and discharges when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage,

a voltage divider formed by a plurality of resistors for providing a high bias voltage and a low bias voltage corresponding to voltages at each end of one of said plurality of resistors, wherein each end of said one of said plurality of resistors is coupled to said plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means via a diode, and wherein said plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means is also coupled to said output terminal of said voltage comparator means via a second resistor so that when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a high voltage, said high bias voltage will be coupled to said plus(+) terminal, and when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage, said low bias voltage will be coupled to said plus(+) terminal, resulting in said capacitor charging to approximately said high bias voltage when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a high voltage and discharging to said low bias voltage when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage, and

a transistor means coupled to said voltage divider for shunting said one of said plurality of resistors forming said voltage divider and controlling the voltage difference between said high bias voltage and said low bias voltage in order to control the frequency of said voltage at said output terminal of said voltage comparator means, said voltage at said output terminal being a squarewave;

a voltage sense circuit coupled to receive an output voltage of said power supply and provide a corresponding signal to said input terminal of said oscillator; and

a low voltage power supply coupled to said drive circuit, to said oscillator, and to said voltage sense circuit for providing power.

3. The switching power supply of claim 2 wherein said low voltage power supply comprises a snubbing capacitor coupled to said magnetic device for preventing instantaneous voltage swings across said magnetic device, wherein said snubbing capacitor is also coupled to an anode of a first diode and a cathode of a second diode, wherein a cathode of said first diode is coupled to a zener diode, and an anode of said second diode is coupled to a ground so that current through said zener diode as a result of snubbing action by said snubbing capacitor is not wasted resistively but is stored in a storing means coupled to said zener diode to provide additional power to said circuits being powered by said low voltage power supply.

4. The switching power supply of claim 2 wherein said drive circuit comprises a drive transformer with a primary winding coupled to receive said control signal and a secondary winding for generating a voltage across said secondary winding of a polarity opposite that across said primary winding, wherein said voltage across said secondary winding is coupled to a gate of a first switching transistor, said first switching transistor forming part of said switching means, via a third resistor and a first diode, wherein said gate of said switching transistor charges slowly due to the combination of said third resistor and inherent gate-drain capacitance of said first switching transistor and discharges quickly through said first diode, and wherein said voltage across said primary winding is applied to a gate of a second switching transistor, said second switching transistor forming part of said switching means, via a fourth resistor and a second diode so that said gate of said second transistor charges slowly due to the combination of said fourth resistor and inherent gate-drain capacitance of second switching transistor and discharges quickly through said second diode, and wherein said first and second switching transistors are switched alternately and are prevented from simultaneous conduction due to the delay in turn-on time.

5. A switching power supply comprising:

switching means for controlling current through a magnetic device;

rectifying and filtering means coupled to an output of said magnetic device for supplying power to an output load;

a drive circuit coupled to receive a control signal and coupled to control said switching means;

a pulsewidth modulator coupled to said drive circuit for providing a control signal to said drive circuit, said control signal having a duty cycle modulated by a voltage applied to an input terminal of said pulsewidth modulator, said pulsewidth modulator comprising

a voltage comparator means having a plus(+) terminal and a minus(-) terminal, and having an output terminal, wherein if a voltage at said plus(+) terminal exceeds a voltage at said minus(-) terminal, said output terminal of said voltage comparator means will be at a high voltage, and if said voltage at said minus(-) terminal exceeds that voltage at said plus(+) terminal, said output terminal of said voltage comparator means will be at a low voltage,

a first resistor with one end coupled to said output terminal of said voltage comparator means,

a capacitor coupled between said resistor and a ground wherein said capacitor is coupled to said minus(-) terminal of said voltage comparator means, wherein said capacitor charges up when said output terminal of voltage comparator means is at a high voltage and discharges when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage,

a first voltage divider formed by a plurality of resistors for providing a high bias voltage corresponding to the voltage at one end of one of said plurality of resistors wherein said one end of said one of said plurality resistors, is coupled to said plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means via a diode, and wherein said plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means is also coupled to said output terminal of said voltage comparator means via a second resistor so that when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a high voltage, said high bias voltage will be coupled to said plus(+) terminal,

a second voltage divider providing a fixed low bias voltage, wherein said fixed low bias voltage is coupled to said plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means via a diode so that when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage, said fixed low bias voltage will be coupled to said plus(+) terminal of said voltage comparator means, resulting in said capacitor charging to approximately said high bias voltage when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a high voltage and discharging to said fixed low bias voltage when said output terminal of said voltage comparator means is at a low voltage, and

a transistor means coupled to said first voltage divider for shunting said one of said plurality of resistors forming said voltage divider and controlling the voltage of said high bias voltage in order to control duty cycle of said voltage at said output terminal of said voltage comparator means;

a voltage sense circuit coupled to receive an output voltage of said power supply and provide a corresponding signal to said input terminal of said oscillator; and

a low voltage power supply coupled to said drive circuit, said oscillator, and said voltage sense circuit for providing power.