Image classifier

• US 4,799,270 A
• Filed: 03/20/1986
• Issued: 01/17/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
• Original Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
• Inventors: Bohandy, Joseph, Kim, Boris F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Application Number:
  US06/841,658
• Time in Patent Office: 1,034 Days
• Field of Search: 382/14, 382/15, 382/27, 382/34, 382/37, 382/38
• US Class Current: 382/205
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/443 by matching or filtering

Abstract

A hierarchical and recursive system for classifying, identifying, describing and analyzing images and the related apparatus are disclosed wherein a digital image is partitioned into subarrays, the content of each subarray is compared to memory elements stored within memory, and if a match occurs, the name of the matched memory element is assigned to the subarray. When all subarrays have been named, a symbolic image whose pixel elements are the assigned names, is formed which is the image for the next level of identification. If no match occurs, a new memory element and appropriate corresponding name are created and added to the memory stack.

Claims

1. An imaging system comprising:

a. providing an image;

b. electronically processing the image to produce a digital image;

c. at least one level of identification, partitioning the image from the previous step into subarrays;

d. comparing the content of each subarray with memory elements of that level of identification;

e. assigning a symbol to each subarray, said symbol being the symbol of the memory element matching the content of the subarray, wherein the assigned symbol is a pixel element in a symbolic image for the next level;

f. repeating step e. until all subarrays have assigned symbols;

g. forming the symbolic image from the assigned symbols;

h. repeating recursively steps c. through g. until all levels of identification have been completed;

i. as a last level, forming a single subarray of pixel elements of the symbolic image formed in the preceding level;

j. comparing the content of the single subarray with the memory elements of the last level; and

,

k. assigning a name to the subarray, said name being the name of the memory element in the last level matching the content of the single subarray and naming the image of step a.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the digital image consists of pixel elements and the subarray in step c. contains at least two contiguous pixel elements.

3. A system according to claim 1, wherein memory elements for each level are stored in memory in a memory stack for that level, the number of memory elements in the stack for each level being constant.

5. A system according to claim 3, wherein memory elements for each level and their respective symbols and names are stored in memory in a memory stack for that level, the number of memory elements in the stack for each level being constant.

6. A system according to claim 5, wherein, if there is no matching memory element, the new memory element is placed at the top of the stack and, if the stack if full, the memory element at the bottom thereof is discarded.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein a single memory element matches the content of a subarray found at the same level of identification in several different digital images.

4. An imaging system comprising:

a. providing an image;

b. electronically processing the image to produce a digital image;

c. at least one level of identification, partitioning the image from the previous step into subarrays;

d. comparing the content of each subarray with memory elements of that level of identification;

e. assigning a symbol to subarray, said symbol being one of the symbol of the memory element matching the content of the subarray and a new symbol created if there is no matching memory element, said new symbol identifying a new memory element representing the content of the subarray, wherein the assigned symbol is a pixel element in a symbolic image for the next level;

f. repeating step e. until all subarrays have assigned symbols.

g. forming the symbolic image from the assigned symbols;

h. repeating recursively steps c. through g. until all levels of identification have been completed;

i. as a last level forming a single subarray of the pixel elements of the symbolic image formed in the preceding level;

j. comparing the content of the single subarray with memory elements of the last level; and

,

k. assigning a name to the subarray, said name being one of the name of the memory element of the last level matching the content of the subarray and a new name created if there is no matching memory element, said new name identifying a new memory element representing the content of the subarray and naming the image of step a.

11. The system according to claim 4, wherein a single memory element matches the content of a subarray found at the same level of indentification in several different digital images.

7. An imaging apparatus comprising:

image producing means comprising an image digitizer and computer interface forming a digital image;

at least a first level identification means comprising;

a. means partitioning the image into subarrays;

b. memory means comprising a stack of memory elements for each level of identification;

c. means comparing the content of each of said subarrays with said memory elements;

d. means assigning a symbol to each subarray, said symbol being the symbol of the memory element matching the content of the subarray;

e. means creating a symbolic image from the assigned symbols;

means repeating steps a. through e. recursively until all levels of indentification have been completed; and

,

a last level comprising;

a. means partitioning the symbolic image from the previous level into a single subarray;

b. memory means comprising a stack of memory elements for the last level;

c. means comparing the content of said single subarray with said last level memory elements; and

d. means assigning a name to the single subarray, said name being the name of the memory element in the last level matching the content of the single subarray and providing the name of the digital image.

8. An imaging apparatus comprising:

image producing means comprising an image digitizer and computer interface forming a digital image;

at least a first level identification means comprising;

a. means partitioning the image into subarrays;

b. memory means comprising a stack of memory elements for each level of identification;

c. means comparing the content of each of said subarrays with said memory elements;

d. means assigning a symbol to each subarray, said symbol being one of the symbol of the memory element matching the content of the subarray and a new symbol created if there is no matching memory element, said new symbol identifying a new memory element representing the content of the subarray;

e. means adding the new memory element and the new symbol to the stack of the memory elements;

f. means creating a symbolic image from the assigned symbols;

means repeating steps a. through e. recursively until all levels of identification have been completed;

a last level means comprising;

a. means partitioning the symbolic image from the previous level into a single subarray;

b. memory means comprising a stack of memory elements for the last level;

c. means comparing the content of said single subarray with said last level memory elements; and

d. means assigning a name to the single subarray, said name being one of the name of the memory element in the last level matching the content of the single subarray and a new name created if there is no matching memory element, said new name identifying a new memory element representing the content of the subarray, and naming the digital image.

9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the number of memory elements in each stack is constant and further wherein, if there is no matching memory element, means placing the new memory element at the top of the stack and, if the stack is full, means discarding the memory element at the bottom thereof.

12. An imaging system comprising:

a. providing an image;

b. electronically processing the image to produce a digital image;

c. at a first level of identification, partitioning the image from the previous step into subarrays;

d. comparing the content of each subarray with memory elements of said first level of identification;

e. assigning a symbol to each subarray, said symbol being the symbol of the memory element matching the content of the subarray, wherein the assigned symbol is a pixel element in a symbolic image for a next level of identification;

f. repeating step e. until all subarrays have assigned symbols;

g. forming the symbolic image from the assigned symbols;

h. partitioning the symbolic image from g. into subarrays for the next level of identification;

i. comparing the content of each subarray with memory elements of the next level of identification;

j. assigning a symbol to each subarray, said symbol being the symbol of the memory element matching the content of the subarray, wherein the assigned symbol is a pixel element in a symbolic image for a next level;

k. repeating step j. until all subarrays have assigned symbols;

l. repeating recursively steps g. through k. until all levels of identification have been completed;

m. as a last level, forming a single subarray of pixel elements of the symbolic image formed in the preceding level;

n. comparing the content of the single subarray with the memory elements of the last level; and

,

o. assigning a name to the subarray, said name being the name of the memory element in the last level matching the content of the single subarray and naming the image of step a.

13. An imaging system comprising:

a. providing an image;

b. electronically processing the image to produce a digital image;

c. at a first level of identification, partitioning the image from the previous step into subarrays;

d. comparing the content of each subarray with memory elements of said first level of identification;

e. assigning a symbol to each subarray, said symbol being one of the symbol to the memory element matching the content of the subarray and a new symbol created if there is no matching memory element, said new symbol identifying a new memory element representing the content of the subarray, wherein the assigned symbol is a pixel element in a symbolic image for a level of identification;

f. repeating step e. until all subarrays have assigned symbols;

g. forming the symbolic image from the assigned symbols;

h. partitioning the symbolic image from g. into subarrays for the next level of identification;

i. comparing the content of each subarray with memory elements of the next level of identification;

j. assigning a symbol to each subarray, said symbol being one of the content of the subarray and a new symbol created if there is no matching memory element, said new symbol identifying anew memory element representing the content of the subarray, wherein the assigned symbol is a pixel element in a symbolic image for a next level;

k. repeating step j. until all levels of identification have been completed;

l. repeating recursively steps g. through k. until all levels of identification have been completed;

m. as a last level, forming a single subarray of pixel elements of the symbolic image formed in the preceding level;

n. comparing the content of the single subarray with the memory elements of the last level; and

,

o. assigning a name to the subarray, said name being one of the name of the memory element of the last level matching the content of the subarray and a new name created if there is no matching memory element, said new name identifying a new memory element representing the content of the subarray and naming the image of step a.