Multicast data distribution system and method

• US 4,807,224 A
• Filed: 08/21/1987
• Issued: 02/21/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 08/21/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Marin, Gerald A., Branan, John M., Naron, Steven E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Griffin, Robert L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chin, Wellington
• Application Number:
  US07/087,850
• Time in Patent Office: 550 Days
• Field of Search: 370/94, 370/85, 370/160, 370/86, 370/88, 370/13, 370/94 U, 371/33, 371/32
• US Class Current: 370/218
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1877 Measures taken prior to transmission

Abstract

A data distribution system and method for the timely, efficient and reliable distribution of data to an unlimited number of remote receiver installations. A data source assembles data packets, and upon filing or after the lapse of a predetermined interval of time, broadcasts a respective data packet to all receivers and recovery means along a communication network. Each receiver is intelligent, in that it copies the data packets into a buffer and has the responsibility of selecting out data needed to perform the receiver'"'"'s intended functions. As a result, intermediate data selecting and routing means between the data source and receivers are avoided, resulting in data delivery which is both rapid and timely. For reliability, each receiver monitors the sequence numbers of the data packets which have been received and, also, whether a data packet is received at least as frequently as the predetermined interval of time. Any data packet which a receiver determines is missing, can be obtained from the recovery means which stores a library of the received data packets or which can retrieve the missing data packet from the data source.

Claims

1. A reliable, high performance data communication system comprising:

data source means for assembling data into data packets and transmitting respective said data packets as they become full with a predetermined amount of data, or if not full, at an occurrence of a reference interval of time, each of said data packets having data corresponding to data packet sequencing data and an information field; and

a plurality of receiver means for receiving said transmitted data packets, each said receiver means having failure detection means for checking for failures in the reliable receipt of said data packets by monitoring;

said data packet sequencing data; and

for receipt of a respective data packet within each expiration of a period of time corresponding to said reference interval of time;

whereby both receipt of a data packet having data packet sequencing data which does not match a next expected data packet sequencing data of a predetermined sequence, and also a failure to receiver a respective data packet within an expiration of a period of time corresponding to said reference interval of time, are indicative of a failure in a reliable receipt of said data packets.

2. A data communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reference interval of time corresponds to a lapse of a predetermined amount of time which is measured from a transmission of a preceding data packet.

3. A data communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each said receiver means can issue a request for a data packet, said communication system further comprising:

recovery means for supplying a requested data packet to respective receiver means which issue a request for said requested data packet in response to a determination that there was a failure in a reliable receipt of a data packet.

4. A data communications system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said data packet sequencing data corresponds to a data packet sequencing number.

5. A data communications system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said respective receiver means identify a respective requested data packet by using said data packet sequencing number.

6. A data communications system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said recovery means comprises:

server memory means for receiving said data packets, and for storing copies of a predetermined number of most current data packets which have been transmitted; and

request means, capable of communication with said data source means, for requesting retransmission of a particular data packet from said data source meansn in an event said recovery means is unable to satisfy a respective receiver'"'"'s request for a particular data packet from said server memory means, in an event that more than a predetermined number of respective receivers issue a request for a same particular data packet.

7. A data communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said data packets additionally has data corresponding to error checking data, and wherein said receiver means performs a further check for the reliable receipt of said data packets using said error checking data.

8. A data communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver means further includes:

buffer means for storing said data packets received from said data source means.

9. A data communication system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said receiver means further comprises:

data management means for selectively accessing data in said data packets stored in said buffer means.

10. A data communication system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said receiver means further comprises:

data processing means for processing and performing predetermined operations using said selected data, and means to trigger said processing and performing upon a detection of data of a predetermined type.

11. A data communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said data packets has data corresponding to time stamp data.

12. A data communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said information field of a respective data packet has a plurality of data items, each of said data items being comprised of data corresponding to a code field and a corresponding information field.

13. A data communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each said data packet contains a receiver subclass code to allow a plurality of independent packet streams.

14. A reliable, high performance data communication method comprising the steps of:

assembling data into data packets, each of said data packets having data corresponding to data packet sequencing data and an information field;

transmitting respective said data packets as they become full with a predetermined amount of data, or if not full, at an occurrence of a reference interval of time; and

receiving said transmitted data packets at a plurality of receiver means, and at each of said receiver means, checking for failures in a reliable receipt of said data packets by monitoring;

said data packet sequencing data; and

for receipt of a respective data packet within each expiration of a period of time corresponding to said reference interval of time;

whereby both receipt of a data packet having data packet sequencing data which does not match a next expected data packet sequencing data of a predetermined sequence, and also a failure to receive a respective data packet within an expiratoin of a period of time corresponding to said reference interval of time, are indicative of a failure in a reliable receipt of said data packets.

15. A data communication method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said reference interval of time corresponds to a lapse of a predetermined amount of time which is measured from a transmission of a preceding data packet.

16. A data communication method as claimed in claim 14, wherein each said receiver means can issue a request for a data packet, said communication method further comprising the step of:

supplying a copy of a requested data packet to respective receiver means which issue a request for said requested data packet in response to a determination that there was a failure in a reliable receipt of a data packet.

17. A data communications method as claimed in claim 16, wherein said data packet sequencing data corresponds to a data packet sequencing number.

18. A data communications method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said respective receivers identify a respective requested data packet by using said data packet sequencing number.

19. A data communications system as claimed in claim 16, wherein said supplying step is accomplished by:

receiving said data packets and storing, in a server memory means, copies of a predetermined number of most current data packets which have been transmitted;

if a copy is available in said server memory means, retrieving a copy of a requested respective data packet from said server memory means; and

in either an event said recovery means is unable to satisfy a respective receiver'"'"'s request for a particular data packet from said server memory means, or in an event that more than a predetermined number of respective receivers issue a request for a same particular data packet, requesting retransmission of a particular data packet from said data source means; and

transmitting said particular data packet to said respective receiver means which issued a request for said requested data packet.

20. A data communication method as claimed in claim 14, wherein each of said data packets additionally has data corresponding to error checking data, and wherein said checking step includes a further check for the reliable receipt of said data packets using said error checking data.

21. A data communication method as claimed in claim 14, further including the step of:

storing said data packets received at said respective receiver means in a buffer means.

22. A data communication method as claimed in claim 21, further comprising the step of:

selectively accessing, at each said respective receiver means, data in said data packets stored in said buffer means.

23. A data communication method as claimed in claim 22, further comprising the step of:

processing and performing predetermined operations, at each said respective receiver means, using said selectively accessed data.

24. A data communication method as claimed in claim 14, wherein each of said data packets has data corresponding to time stamp data.

25. A data communication method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said information field of a respective data packet has a plurality of data items, each of said data items being comprised of data corresponding to a code field and a corresponding information field.

26. A relible, high performance data communication system comprising:

data source means for assembling data into data packets and transmitting respective said data packets as they become full with a predetermined amount of data, or if not full, at an occurrence of a predetermined interval of time which is measured from the transmission of the preceding data packet, each of said data packets having data corresponding to data packet sequencing data and an information field;

a plurality of receiver means for receiving said transmitted data packets, each said receiver means having failure detection means for checking for failures in the reliable receipt of said data packets by monitoring;

said data packet sequencing data; and

for receipt of a respective data packet within each expiration of a period of time corresponding to said predetermined interval of time;

whereby both receipt of a data packet having data packet sequencing data which does not match a next expected data packet sequencing data of a predetermined sequence, and also a failure to receive a respective data packet within an expiration of a period of time corresponding to said reference interval of time, are indicative of a failure in a reliable receipt of said data packets, and each said receiver means can issue a request for a data packet; and

recovery means for supplying a requested data packet to respective receiver means which issue a request for said requested data packet in response to determination that there was a failure in a reliable receipt of a data packet.

27. A reliable, high performance data communication method comprising the steps of:

assembling data into data packets, each of said data packets having data corresponding to data packet sequencing data and an information field;

transmitting respective said data packets as they become full with a predetermined amount of data, or if not full, at an occurrence of a predetermined interval of time which is measured from a transmission of a preceding data packet;

receiving said transmitted data packets at a plurality of receiving means, and at each respective said receiver means, checking for failures in a reliable receipt of said data packets by monitoring;

said data packet sequencing data; and

for receipt of a respective data packet within each expiration of a period of time corresponding to said predetermined interval of time;

whereby both receipt of a data packet having data packet sequencing data which does not match a next expected data packet sequencing data of a predetermined sequence, and also a failure to receiver a respective data packet within an expiration of a period of time corresponding to said reference interval of time, both being indicative of a failure in a reliable receipt of said data packets, and each said receiver means can issue a request for a data packet; and

supplying a copy of a requested data packet to respective receiver means which issue a request for said requested data packet in response to a determination that there was a failure in a reliable receipt of a data packet.

28. A reliable, high performance data communication system comprising:

a communications network interconnecting a data source means with a file server means and a plurality of receiver means;

said data source means periodically broadcasting packets of information to said file server means and said plurality of receiver means;

each of said packets including a packet sequence number, a time stamp, and a plurality of information fields, each information field including a unique code field and a corresponding data field;

a ring buffer in each respective one of receiver means in said plurality of receiver means for storing a plurality of packets received over said communications network;

data management means for performing a code selection function in each said receiver means for selecting from said plurality of information fields in each packet stored in said ring buffer, data fields corresponding to selected ones of said unique codes;

an ordered data table means in each said receiver means for storing in an ordered sequence said selected data resulting from performance of said code selection function;

data processing means in each receiver means for utilizing said selected data in said ordered data table means;

said file server means storing all of said packets received from said communications network; and

negative acknowledgement means in each said receiver means for anticipating a receipt of said periodic packets from said data source means and detecting an omission of an anticipated receipt of a data packet, and in response thereto, generating a request for retransmission to said file server means, which performs retransmission through either a broadcast or via a session type connection;

whereby a high performance, reliable data communication from said data source means to said receiver means is established.

29. The data communication system of claim 28, wherein said file server means performs a negative acknowledgement assessment function for determining whether negative acknowledgements from a subplurality of said plurality of receiver means is likely to indicate a failure of broadcasting of a packet from said data source means to said receiver means;

and

wherein said file server means further comprises request means for establishing a communications session between said file server means and said data source means in response to an indication from said negative acknowledgement assessment function, for accessing a packet of information from said data source means corresponding to said failed broadcast.

30. The data communication system of claim 28, wherein said data management means performs a change assessment function for accessing data stored in said ordered data table means, and determining whether changes in a value of said data, corresponding to a selected code, are greater than a predetermined threshold value;

said ordered data table means being responsive to said change assessment function for outputting new values of data identified as surpassing said threshold; and

said data processing means being responsive to an output from said ordered data table means to execute tasks corresponding to said changed data which has surpassed said threshold value.

31. The data communication system of claim 28 wherein:

said periodic broadcast of said data packets by said data source means is based upon a reference interval of time wherein a next data packet is required to be broadcast at the end of said reference interval of time as measured from a broadcast of a most recent data packet;

whereby said data source does not fail to broadcast a data packet less frequently than once per said reference interval of time.

32. The data communication system of claim 28, wherein said communication network comprises a token ring local area network.

33. The data communication system of claim 28, wherein said negative acknowledgement means of respective receiver means issue said request for retransmission in response to a detection of an expiration of a reference interval of time as measured from receipt of a most recent packet.

34. The data communication system of claim 28, wherein said negative acknowledgement means of respective said receiver means issue said request for retransmission in response to a determination of a missing packet sequence number.

35. The data communication system of claim 28, wherein said negative acknowledgement means and said respective receiver means issue said request for retransmission in response to an absence of an anticipated periodic packet which has not been received from said data source means.