Composite aircraft propeller blade

• US 4,810,167 A
• Filed: 12/08/1986
• Issued: 03/07/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: National City Bank (The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hartzell Propeller, Inc. (Hartzell Industries, Inc.)
• Inventors: Spoltman, Mark W., Bowerman, Richard D., Edinger, Richard L.
• Primary Examiner(s): BENNETT, HENRY A
• Application Number:
  US06/939,426
• Time in Patent Office: 820 Days
• Field of Search: 416/229 R, 416/229 A, 416/230 R, 416/239, 416/241 A, 416/248, 29/156.8 B
• US Class Current: 416/229.00A
• CPC Class Codes: B29D 99/0025 Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/04 cellular or porous
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/0809 Fabrics
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/108 arranged in parallel planes and crossing at substantial angles B29K2105/206 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/20 Inserts
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2038/0072 Orienting fibers
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2260/021 Fibrous or filamentary layer
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2260/046 Synthetic resin
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2262/106 Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2266/0278 Polyurethane
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2307/514 Oriented
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2307/542 Shear strength
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2307/546 Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2603/00 Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 3/18 characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side B32B5/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/12 characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/16 characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules layer formed of natural mineral particles B32B19/00; layer being formed of wood fibres, chips or particles B32B21/02
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/245 another layer next to it being a foam layer
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/26 another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers B32B5/12
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 11/26 Fabricated blades
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 27/026 : comprising different types of power plants, e.g. combination of a piston engine and a gas-turbine Hybrid electric aircraft B64D27/33
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 5/282 : Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/60 : Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Abstract

A generally flat core of foam material extends outwardly from a wedge-shaped metal base plug, and the core is covered with overlapping plies of resin-bonded plastics materials having unidirectional fibers. The plies are covered by outer layers or skins of resin-bonded woven fabric plastics materials. The fibers of the inner plies are orientated at positive and negative acute angles relative to the longitudinal axis of the blade to provide the blade with predetermined torsional stiffness, and the fibers of the outer plies extend generally parallel to the axis and wrap around the base plug in an interleaving manner to provide high stiffness and strength to bending forces. Some of the plies extending around the base plug receive metal shell elements, and the shell elements engage propeller hub lip portions which cooperate to define an under-cut recess and clamp the plies to the base plug.

Claims

1. A composite aircraft propeller blade adapted to provide for a smooth transfer of centrifugal and bending forces to a propeller hub member, said propeller blade comprising a rigid base retention plug having a radially inner end surface, a core of spacer material extending outwardly from said base plug and having opposite side surfaces converging together, a series of overlapping plies of resin-bonded fibrous plastics material overlying each of said side surfaces of said core, each of said plies including substantially parallel reinforcing fibers, a resin-bonded outer covering on said overlapping plies and forming the outer surface of said blade, said resin-bonded overlapping plies and outer covering forming leading and trailing blade edge portions projecting substantially forwardly and rearwardly from said base plug, a first portion of said plies and corresponding said reinforcing fibers on both of said side surfaces of said core extending inwardly around said inner end surface of said base plug and being bonded to said inner end surface, and means for securing said base plug to the hub member.

2. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said base plug has a generally wedge-shaped cross-sectional configuration with said inner surface disposed within a generally dovetail-shape recess within the hub member, and said first portion of said plies extend adjacent said inner surface within the recess.

3. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said base plug includes horn portions projecting into said portions of said blade from an intermediate portion, and said horn portions cooperate to form said inner surface receiving said first portion of said plies.

4. A propeller blade as defined in claim 3 wherein said intermediate portion of said base plug extends into a recess within the hub member, and said intermediate portion cooperates to form said inner surface receiving said first portion of said plies.

5. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said fiber of said first portion of said plies extend generally parallel to a longitudinal axis of said blade to provide said blade with substantial bending stiffness relative to the hub member.

6. A propeller blade as defined in claim 5 wherein a second portion of said plies comprises substantially parallel fibers orientated at an angle with respect to said longitudinal axis to provide the blade with substantial torsional stiffness relative to the hub member.

7. A propeller blade as defined in claim 6 wherein said fibers in said second portion of said plies extend at both positive and negative angles with respect to said longitudinal axis.

8. A propeller blade as defined in claim 6 wherein said first portion of said plies overlie said second portion of said plies.

9. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said base plug defines a cavity, and said spacer material forming said core extends into said cavity.

10. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 and including a low modulus material forming one of said inner edge portions of said blade to provide for a generally uniform and smooth transfer of forces from said trailing inner edge portion through said base plug to said hub member.

11. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said first portion of said plies extending around said base plug are interleaved in an alternating manner adjacent said inner surface of said base plug.

12. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said inner surface of said base plug is generally concaved and defines a cavity receiving said first portion of said plies, and a wedge-shaped shank member projecting into said cavity in conforming relation and bonded to said first portion of said plies.

13. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said first portion of said plies extending around said inner surface of said base plug form a precision base surface, and a set of metal corner shells bonded to said base surface.

14. A propeller blade as defined in claim 1 wherein said core of spacer material extends outwardly from said base plug by a distance less than one half of the overall length of said propeller blade.

15. A propeller blade as defined in claim 13 wherein the hub member has opposing retention lips defining an undercut recess, said base plug has a wedge-shaped inner portion forming said inner surface, and said wedge-shaped inner portion cooperates with said corner shells and the retention lips to compress said first portion of said plies therebetween.

16. A composite aircraft propeller blade adapted to provide for a smooth transfer of centrifugal and bending forces to a propeller hub member defining an undercut recess for receiving a base portion of the blade, said propeller blade comprising a rigid base retention plug having a radially inner end surface, a core of spacer material extending outwardly from said base plug and having opposite side surfaces converging together, a series of overlapping plies of resin-bonded fibrous plastics material overlying each of said side surfaces of said core, each of said plies including substantially parallel reinforcing fibers, a resin-bonded outer covering on said overlapping plies and forming the outer surface of said blade, said resin-bonded overlapping plies and outer covering forming leading and trailing blade edge portions projecting substantially forwardly and rearwardly from said base plug, a first portion of said plies and corresponding said reinforcing fibers on both of said side surfaces of said core including inner edge portions extending inwardly around said base plug and overlying said inner end surface of said base plug, said edge portions of said plies extending from one side of said core being interleaved with said edge portions of said plies extending from the other side of said core and being bonded to said inner end surface, and means for securing said base plug within the recess of the hub member.

17. A propeller blade as defined in claim 16 wherein said fibers of said first portion of said plies extend generally parallel to a longitudinal axis of said blade to provide said blade with substantial bending stiffness relative to the hub member.

18. A propeller blade as defined in claim 17 wherein a second portion of said plies comprises substantially parallel fibers orientated at both positive and negative angles with respect to said longitudinal axis to provide the blade with substantial torsional stiffness relative to the hub member, and said first portion of said plies overlie said second portion of said plies.

19. A propeller blade as defined in claim 16 and including a low modulus material forming one of said inner edge portions of said blade to provide for a generally uniform and smooth transfer of forces from said one inner edge portion through said base plug to said hub member.

20. A propeller blade as defined in claim 16 wherein said inner end surface of said base plug is generally concaved and defines a cavity receiving said edge portions of said plies arranged in an interleaving manner, and a wedge-shaped shank member projecting into said cavity in conforming relation and bonded to said edge portions of said plies.

21. A propeller blade as defined in claim 16 and including a set of metal corner shells bonded to said edge portions of said plies extending around said base plug.

22. A propeller blade as defined in claim 21 wherein the hub member has opposing retention lips defining an undercut said recess, and said base plug has rounded corner portions cooperating with said corner shells and the retention lips to compress said first portion of said plies therebetween.

23. A propeller blade as defined in claim 16 wherein said base plug includes horn portions projecting into said portions of said blade from an intermediate portion, said intermediate portion projects into the recess and forms said inner end surface, and said first portion of said plies also extend around each of said horn portions of said base plug.

24. A composite aircraft propeller blade adapted to provide for a smooth transfer of centrifugal and bending forces to a propeller hub member, said propeller blade comprising a rigid base retention plug having an inner end surface, a core of spacer material extending outwardly from said base plug and having opposite side surfaces converging together, a series of overlapping plies of resin-bonded fibrous plastics material overlying each of said side surfaces of said core, each of said plies including substantially parallel reinforcing fibers, a resin-bonded outer covering on said overlapping plies and forming the outer surface of said blade, said resin-bonded overlapping plies and outer covering forming leading and trailing blade edge portions projecting substantially forwardly and rearwardly from said base plug, a first portion of said plies on both of said side surfaces of said core having said fibers orientated at substantial angles with respect to a longitudinal axis of said blade to provide said blade with substantial torsional stiffness relative to the hub member, a second portion of said plies overlying said first portion of said plies on both of said side surfaces of said core and having said fibers orientated generally parallel with respect to said longitudinal axis to provide the blade with substantial bending stiffness relative to the hub member, said second portion of said plies and corresponding said fibers having inner portions extending inwardly around said base plug and overlying said inner end surface of said base plug and being bonded to said inner end surface, and means for securing said base plug to the hub member.

25. A propeller blade as defined in claim 24 wherein said fibers in said first portion of said plies extend at both positive and negative angles with respect to said longitudinal axis.

26. A propeller blade as defined in claim 24 wherein said base plug defines an elongated cavity having a U-shaped cross-sectional configuration, and said spacer material forming said core extends into said cavity.

27. A propeller blade as defined in claim 24 and including a low modulus material forming said trailing inner edge portion of said blade to provide for a generally uniform and smooth transfer of forces from said trailing inner edge portion through said base plug to said hub member.

28. A propeller blade as defined in claim 24 wherein said second portion of said plies extending around said base plug are interleaved in an alternating manner adjacent said inner surface of said base plug.

29. A propeller blade as defined in claim 24 wherein said inner surface of said base plug is generally concaved and defines a cavity receiving said second portion of said plies, and a wedge-shaped shank member projecting into said cavity in conforming relation and bonded to said second portion of said plies.

30. A propeller blade as defined in claim 24 wherein said second portion of said plies extending around said base plug and overlying said inner surface form a precision base surface, and a set of metal corner shells bonded to said base surface.

31. A propeller blade as defined in claim 24 wherein said base plug includes horn portions projecting into said edge portions of said blade from an intermediate portion, and said horn portions cooperate to form said inner surface receiving said second portion of said plies.