Structure suitable for solid electrochemical elements

• US 4,810,599 A
• Filed: 03/23/1988
• Issued: 03/07/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: JSR Corporation, Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited 1006 OAZA Kadoma-Shi Osaka Japan
• Original Assignee: Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Yasuda, Naoshi, Nagata, Masaki, Kondo, Shigeo, Sotomura, Tadashi
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US07/172,166
• Time in Patent Office: 349 Days
• Field of Search: 429/191, 429/193, 429/199, 429/218, 429/101, 429/212, 429/217, 361/433, 307/109
• US Class Current: 429/323
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1525 characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/38 Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/50 specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/621 Binders
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/18 with solid electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/181 with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

A structure comprising a pair of electrode sheets and an electrolyte sheet, the latter being sandwiched in between the former, wherein each of the pair of electrode sheets comprises a mixture comprising an insulating elastomer and an electrode active substance powder and/or an inorganic solid electrolyte powder, in which mixture the electrode active substance powder and/or the inorganic solid electrolyte powder are dispersed in a volume fraction of 75-95% in the insulating elastomer, and said electrolyte sheet comprises a mixture of an inorganic solid electrolyte powder and an insulating elastomer and optionally an electrode active substance powder, in which mixture the inorganic solid electrolyte powder and optionally the electrode active substance powder are dispersed in a volume fraction of 55-95% in the insulating elastomer. Each of said electrode sheet and said electrolyte sheet may further comprise a reticulate material sheet, the openions of which are filled with the mixture. The structure is excellent in ion-conductivity, processability, productivity, storage stability and flexibility and enables one to make solid electrolyte cells, solid electric double layer capacitors and solid electrochromic display thinner and larger in area.

Claims

1. A structure comprising a pair of electrode sheets and an electrolyte sheet, said electrolyte sheet being sandwiched in between the pair of electrode sheets, wherein each of the pair of electrode sheets is composed of a mixture comprising an insulating elastomer and an electrode active substance powder alone or in combination with an inorganic solid electrolyte powder, in which mixture the electrode active substance powder or the combination thereof with an inorganic solid electrolyte powder is dispersed in a volume fraction of 75-95% in the insulating elastomer, and said electrolyte sheet is composed of a mixture comprising an insulating elastomer and an inorganic solid electrolyte powder, in which mixture the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is dispersed in a volume fraction of 55-95% in the insulating elastomer.

2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the electrode sheets is a laminate of a plurality of layers of mixtures of the electrode active substance powder and the inorganic solid electrolyte powder at different mixing ratios which are varied stepwise, said layers of the mixture being arranged in the order of the mixing ratios, and the laminate layer having the highest mixing ratio of the inorganic electrolyte powder is in contact with the electrolyte sheet.

3. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is a Li⁺ ion-conductive solid electrolyte powder, a Ag⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder, a Cu⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder, a H⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder or a Na⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder.

4. The structure according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is a Cu⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder.

5. The structure according to claim 4, wherein the Cu⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder is represented by the formula, RbCu₄ I_2-x Cl_3-x in which x is an arbitrary number of 0.2-0.6.

6. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the electrode active substance powder is at least one member selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials, metal sulfides, metal oxides, metal halides and metals.

7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the electrode active powder and the inorganic solid electrolyte powder can pass through a 200-mesh (Tyler) screen.

8. A solid electrolyte cell comprising the structure of claim 1.

9. A structure comprising a pair of electrode sheets and an electrolyte sheet, the electrolyte sheet being sandwiched in between the pair of electrode sheets, wherein at least one sheet selected from the electrolyte sheet and the electrode sheets comprises a reticulate material sheet, at least the openings of which are filled with a mixture comprising an insulating elastomer and at least one member selected from the group consisting of an electrode active substance powder and an inorganic solid electrolyte powder, provided that in the case of the electrolyte sheet, said reticulate material sheet is nonconductive and said mixture is free of the electrode active substance powder, in which mixture said at least one member is dispersed in the insulating elastomer;

when said electrolyte sheet is free of the reticulate material sheet, the electrolyte sheet is composed of a mixture of comprising an insulating elastomer and an inorganic solid electrolyte powder in which mixture the electrolyte powder is dispersed in the insulating elastomer; and

when said electrode sheet is free of the reticulate material sheet, the electrode sheet is composed of a mixture comprising an insulating elastomer and an electrode active substance powder alone or in combination with an inorganic solide electrolyte powder in which mixture the electrode active substance powder alone or in combination with an inorganic electrolyte powder is dispersed in the insulating elastomer.

10. The structure according to claim 9, wherein in the mixture comprising the inorganic solid electrolyte powder and the insulating elastomer, the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is dispersed in a volume fraction of 55-95% in the insulating elastomer.

11. The structure according to claim 9, wherein in the mixture comprising the insulating elastomer and the electrode active substance powder alone or in combination with the inorganic solid electrolyte powder, the electrode active substance powder or the combination thereof with the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is dispersed in a volume fraction of 55-95% in the insulating elastomer.

12. The structure according to claim 9, wherein the reticulate material sheet in the electrode sheet is a conductive reticulate material sheet which can act as an electrode active substance, too, and at least the openings of the reticulate material sheet are filled with a mixture comprising the insulating elastomer and the inorganic solid electrolyte powder, in which mixture the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is dispersed in the insulating elastomer.

13. The structure according to claim 9, wherein the electrode sheet is composed of a laminate of a plurality of layers of mixtures of the electrode active substance powder and the inorganic solid electrolyte powder at different mixing ratios which are varied stepwise, the layers being arranged in the order of the mixing ratios, and the layer having the largest mixing ratio of the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is in contact with the electrolyte sheet.

14. The structure according to claim 9, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is a Li⁺ ion-conductive solid electrolyte powder, a Ag⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder, a Cu⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder, a H⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder or a Na⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder.

15. The structure according to claim 9, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is a Cu⁺ ion-conductive solid electrolyte powder.

16. The structure according to claim 15, wherein the Cu⁺ ion-conductive electrolyte powder is represented by the formula, RbCu₄ I_2-x Cl_3-x in which x is an arbitrary number of 0.2-0.6.

17. The structure according to claim 9, wherein the electrode active substance powder is at least one member selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials, metal sulfides, metal oxides, metal halides and metals.

18. A solid electrolyte cell, solid electric double layer capacitor or solid electrochromic display comprising the structure of claim 9.