Synchronization of asynchronous data signals

• US 4,811,340 A
• Filed: 06/19/1986
• Issued: 03/07/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 05/29/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Northern Telecom Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Inventors: McEachern, James A., Grover, Wayne D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cangialosi, Salvatore
• Application Number:
  US06/876,134
• Time in Patent Office: 992 Days
• Field of Search: 375/118, 375/112, 370/102
• US Class Current: 370/505
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/076 Bit and byte stuffing, e.g. SDH/PDH desynchronisers, bit-leaking

Abstract

In a synchronous network, asynchronous data signals are synchronized using positive/negative stuffing under the control of stuff request signals which are produced in dependence upon the phase difference between the asynchronous and synchronized data signals as compared to respective threshold values. The phase difference is, or the threshold values are, cyclically changed in a manner to produce additional stuffing, not necessitated by the asynchronous frequency difference, whereby the frequency of jitter, due to stuffing, in the synchronized data signal is increased. The increased frequency jitter is filtered out in an already-provided phase locked loop.

Claims

1. A method of synchronizing an asynchronous signal to produce a synchronized signal by stuffing the asynchronous signal in dependence upon a stuff request signal produced from a comparison of phases of the asynchronous and synchronized signals, wherein the stuff request signal is produced with additional stuff requests thereby to change the frequency spectrum of jitter in the synchronized signal.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frequency spectrum is changed to increase the frequency of jitter in the synchronized signal.

3. A method of synchronizing an asynchronous data signal to produce a synchronized data signal comprising the steps of:

stuffing the asynchronous data signal in dependence upon a stuff request signal to produce the synchronized data signal;

producing the stuff request signal in dependence upon the relative phases of the asynchronous and synchronized data signals; and

modifying the production of the stuff request signal to include additional stuff requests therein, whereby the frequency of jitter, due to stuffing, in the synchronized data signal is increased.

4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the stuff request signal is produced in dependence upon the magnitude of a phase difference between the asynchronous and synchronized data signals in comparison to at least one threshold value, and wherein the step of modifying the production of the stuff request signal comprises the step of changing at least one of said phase difference and said threshold value.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said at least one of said phase difference and said threshold value is changed cyclically.

6. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said at least one of said phase difference and said threshold value is changed cyclically and periodically with a period during which a plurality of stuffs of the asynchronous data signal can be effected.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said period is not more than about 5 ms.

8. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said at least one of said phase difference and said threshold value is changed cyclically with a predetermined waveform having a progressively changing level at least during part of each cycle.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said waveform is a substantially sawtooth waveform.

10. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said waveform is a substantially triangular waveform.

11. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said waveform is a substantially sinusoidal waveform.

12. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said phase difference and said threshold value are digital quantities and said waveform is constituted by a changing count of a counter.

13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein said threshold value is changed cyclically in dependence upon said count.

14. A method of synchronizing an asynchronous data signal to produce a synchronized data signal comprising the steps of:

stuffing the asynchronous data signal in dependence upon positive and negative stuff request signals to produce the synchronized data signal;

producing the positive and negative stuff request signals in dependence upon the magnitude of a phase difference between the asynchronous and synchronized data signals in comparison to respective threshold values; and

cyclically changing at least one of said phase difference and said threshold values thereby to produce additional stuff requests in the positive and negative stuff request signals, whereby the frequency of jitter, due to stuffing, in the synchronized data signal is increased.

15. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein said at least one of said phase difference and said threshold values is cyclically changed periodically with a period during which a plurality of stuffs of the asynchronous data signal can be effected.

16. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein said period is not more than about 5 ms.

17. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein said at least one of said phase difference and said threshold values is changed cyclically with a predetermined waveform having a progressively changing level at least during part of each cycle.

18. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said waveform is a substantially sawtooth waveform.

19. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said waveform is a substantially triangular waveform.

20. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said waveform is a substantially sinusoidal waveform.

21. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said phase difference and said threshold values are digital quantities and said waveform is constituted by a changing count of a counter.

22. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein said threshold values differ by, and said cyclical change has an amplitude of, an amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 360°

.

23. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein said threshold values differ by, and said cyclical change has an amplitude of, an amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 360°

.

24. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said threshold values differ by, and said cyclical change has an amplitude of, and amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 360°

.

25. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said threshold values differ by, and said cyclical change has an amplitude of, an amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 360°

.

26. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein said threshold value differ by an amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 720°

.

27. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein said threshold values differ by an amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 720°

.

28. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said threshold values differ by an amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 720°

.

29. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said threshold values differ by an amount corresponding to a phase difference of about 720°

.

30. Synchronizing apparatus comprising:

means responsive to a stuff request signal for stuffing an asynchronous data signal to produce a synchronized data signal;

means for producing the stuff request in a dependence upon the relative phases of the asynchronous and synchronized data signals; and

modifying means for modifying the production of the stuff request signal to include additional stuff requests thereby to increase the frequency of jitter, due to stuffing, in the synchronized data signal.

31. Apparatus as claimed in claim 30 wherein the means for producing the stuff request signal comprises phase comparison means, for comparing the relative phases of the asynchronous and synchronized data signals to produce a phase difference signal, and means for comparing the phase difference signal with at least one threshold value to produce the stuff request signal, and the modifying means comprises means for changing at least one of said phase difference signal and said threshold value.

32. Apparatus as claimed in claim 31 wherein the modifying means comprises means for generating a cyclical waveform having a progressively changing level at least during part of each cycle, and means for changing at least one of said phase difference signal and said threshold value in dependence upon said waveform.

33. Apparatus as claimed in claim 31 wherein the phase difference signal and the threshold value are digital quantities and the means for generating a cyclical waveform comprises a counter.

34. Synchronizing apparatus comprising:

means responsive to positive and negative stuff request signals for stuffing an asynchronous data signal to produce a synchronized data signal;

means for producing the positive and negative stuff request signals in dependence upon the magnitude of a phase difference between the asynchronous and synchronized data signals in comparison to respective threshold values; and

means for cyclically changing at least one of said phase difference and said threshold values thereby to produce additional stuff requests in the positive and negative stuff request signals, whereby the frequency of jitter, due to stuffing, in the synchronized data signal is increased.

35. Apparatus as claimed in claim 34 wherein the means for cyclically changing at least one of said phase difference and said threshold values comprises means for generating a cyclical waveform having a progressively changing level at least during part of each cycle, and means for changing at least one of said phase difference signal and said threshold values in dependence upon said waveform.

36. Apparatus as claimed in claim 35 wherein the means for generating a cyclical waveform comprises a sawtooth waveform generator.

37. Apparatus as claimed in claim 35 wherein the waveform generator comprises a counter.

38. Apparatus as claimed in claim 37 and including means for supplying to the counter a clock signal which is related to the timing of one of the data signals.

39. A method of synchronizing an asynchronous data signal to produce a synchronized data signal, comprising the steps of:

stuffing the asynchronous data signal in dependence upon a stuff request signal to produce the synchronized data signal;

producing the stuff request signal in dependence upon the magnitude of a phase difference between the asynchronous and synchronized data signals in comparison to at least one threshold value; and

modifying the production of the stuff request signal in dependence upon said comparison to increase the frequency of jitter, due to stuffing, in the synchronized data signal.

40. A method as claimed in claim 39 wherein the production of the stuff request signal is modified cyclically and periodically with a period during which a plurality of stuffs of the asynchronous data signal can be effected.

41. A method as claimed in claim 40 wherein said period is not more than about 5 ms.

42. A method as claimed in claim 39 wherein the step of modifying the production of the stuff request signal comprises cyclically varying the threshold value with a predetermined waveform having a progressively changing level at least during part of each cycle.

43. A method as claimed in claim 42 wherein the phase difference magnitude and the threshold value are digital quantities and the waveform is constituted by a changing count of a counter.

44. A method as claimed in claim 39 wherein the asynchronous data signal is stuffed using positive and negative stuffing in dependence upon positive and negative stuff request signals to produce the synchronized data signal, the positive and negative stuff request signals are produced in dependence upon the magnitude of the phase difference between the asynchronous and synchronized data signals in comparison in respective threshold values, and the production of the positive and negative stuff request signals in dependence upon the respective comparisons in modified to produce additional stuff requests in the positive and negative stuff request signals.

45. A method as claimed in claim 44 wherein the production of the positive and negative stuff request signals is modified by varying said respective threshold values.

46. Synchronizing apparatus comprising:

stuffing means responsive to a stuff request signal for stuffing an asynchronous data signal to produce a synchronized data signal;

means for producing the stuff request signal in dependence upon the relative phases of the asynchronous and synchronized data signals in comparison to at least one threshold value; and

means for varying the threshold value whereby the frequency of jitter, due to stuffing, in the synchronized data is increased.

47. Apparatus as claimed in claim 46 wherein the means for varying the threshold value comprises means for generating a cyclical waveform having a progressively changing level at least during part of each cycle, and means for changing the threshold value in dependence upon said waveform.

48. Apparatus as claimed in claim 47 wherein the threshold value is a digital quantity and the means for generating a cyclical waveform comprises a counter.