Method and system for compressing color video data

• US 4,816,901 A
• Filed: 04/27/1988
• Issued: 03/28/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Paolo Visual Data LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Universal Video Communications Corporation
• Inventors: Thomas, James L., Smith, Gordon H., Music, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Application Number:
  US07/186,569
• Time in Patent Office: 335 Days
• Field of Search: 358/133, 358/134, 358/135, 358/136, 358/13, 358/12, 358/85, 375/122
• US Class Current: 375/240.01
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 11/042 Codec means
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/93 Run-length coding

Abstract

The method and system for compressing color video data in a video communication system utilizes a three color digital signal, and involves the determination of a luminance function for each pixel in a series of video picture frames. One or more decision parameters based upon differences of the luminance function between pixels are compared with corresponding adaptive thresholds to determine decision points in the scan lines, and the digital word size of the three digital color components is reduced before encoding of run lengths between decision points of the color values.

Claims

1. A method for compressing color video data in a video communication system having means for producing a color video signal for a plurality of video picture frames, with each picture frame comprising a plurality of scan lines composed of a plurality of pixels, each scan line having a starting pixel and an ending pixel, and each pixel in each said frame comprising three digital color component signals of first, second and third digital word sizes, respectively, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) determining a luminance function for each pixel based upon at least one of said three digital color component signals;

(b) determining at least one decision parameter for at least a substantial portion of the pixels in the scan lines of said picture frame based upon the difference of said luminance function between pixels at least one predetermined distance from at least one other pixel on each scan line;

(c) determining the rate of change of said at least one decision parameter for each of said pixels for which said luminance function difference has been determined;

(d) comparing said rate of change of said at least one decision parameter with a corresponding adaptive rate of change threshold to determine which of said pixels represent decision points;

(e) reducing the word size of at least one of said three digital color components signals to provide one to three reduced digital color component signals of fourth, fifth, and sixth digital word sizes, respectively, for each said pixel; and

(f) coding said plurality of pixels in each scan line as a plurality of combinations of pixel run lengths and said three reduced color component signals for each said run length, said run lengths being determined between said starting pixel for each scan line, intermediate points selected from the group of said decision points and points intermediate said decision points, and said ending pixel, and each run length being of a seventh digital word size.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of comparing said rates of change with an adaptive rate of change threshold to determine said decision points includes comparing at least one said decision parameters with an adaptive cumulative difference threshold.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said first, second, and third digital word sizes are equal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two of said first, second, and third digital word sizes are equal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said first, second and third digital word sizes are different.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said color video signal is RGB, and said three digital color component signals represent red, green, and blue color video components.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said three digital color component signals represent cyan, magenta, and yellow color video components.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said three digital color components are based upon hue, saturation, and intensity of said color video signal.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital word size of each of said digital color components is six bits.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein each said combination of run length and reduced color components is coded as at least a 16 bit digital word.

11. The method of claim 1, further including the step of concatenating run lengths in said plurality of combinations of run lengths and reduced color components in a scan line which are associated with reduced color components whose differences are less than a predetermined color difference threshold.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said three digital color component signals represent first and second colors and a parameter based upon luminance of the color video signal.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the word size of each of said digital color components is reduced to 4 bits.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein each said combination of run length and reduced color components is coded as at least a 16 bit digital word.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining said luminance function comprises summing each of said three digital color component signals.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said luminance function has a digital word size of 8 bits.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of determining said luminance function includes weighting of the sum of said three digital color component signals with respect to one or more of said three digital color component signals.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein a first decision parameter is determined from the difference in said luminance function between a first pixel and a second proximate pixel a distance of one pixel away from said first pixel on a scan line.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein a second decision parameter is determined from differences between said proximate pixel differences

20. The method of claim 18, wherein a cumulative decision parameter is determined from summing said proximate pixel differences.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein a first decision parameter is determined from the difference in said luminance function between a first pixel and a second proximate pixel a distance of two pixels away from said first pixel on a scan line.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein a second decision parameter is determined from differences between said proximate pixel differences.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein a cumulative decision parameter is determined from summing said proximate pixel differences.

24. A system for compressing color video data for use in a video communication system having means for producing a color video signal for a plurality of video picture frames, with each picture frame comprising a plurality of scan lines composed of a plurality of pixels, each scan line having a staring pixel and an ending pixel, and each pixel in said frame comprising three digital color component signals of first, second and third digital word sizes, respectively, said system comprising:

(a) means for determining a luminance function for each pixel based upon at least one of said three digital color component signals;

(b) means for determining at least one decision parameter for at least a substantial portion of the pixels in the scan lines of said picture frame based upon the difference of said luminance function between pixels at least one predetermined distance from at least one other pixel on each scan line;

(c) means for determining the rates of change of said at least one decision parameter for each of said pixels for which said luminance function difference has been determined;

(d) means for comparing said rate of change of said at least one decision parameter with a corresponding adapative rate of change threshold to determine which of said pixels represent decision points;

(e) means for reducing the word size of at least one of said three digital color components signals to provide one to three reduced digital color component signals of fourth, fifth, and sixth digital word sizes, respectively, for each said pixel;

(f) means for coding said plurality of pixels in each scan line as a plurality of combinations of pixel run lengths and said three reduced color component signals for each said run length, said run lengths being determined between said starting pixel for each scan line, intermediate points selected from the group of said decision points and points intermediate said decision points, and said ending pixel, and each run length being of a seventh digital word size.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein said means for comparing said rates of change includes means for comparing at least one said decision parameters with an adaptive cumulative threshold.

26. The system of claim 24, wherein said first, second, and third digital word sizes are equal.

27. The system of claim 24, wherein at least two of said first, second, and third digital word sizes are equal.

28. The system of claim 24, wherein each of said first, second and third digital word sizes are different.

29. The system of claim 24, wherein said color video signal is RGB, and said three digital color component signals represent red, green, and blue color video components.

30. The system of claim 24, wherein said three digital color component signals represent cyan, magenta, and yellow color video components.

31. The system of claim 24, wherein said three digital color component signals represent first and second colors and a parameter based upon luminance of the color video signal.

32. The system of claim 24, wherein said three digital color components are based upon hue, saturation, and intensity of said color video signal.

33. The system of claim 24, wherein said means for coding said plurality of pixels in each scan line is adapted to code each said combination of run length and reduced color components as at least a 16 bit digital word.

34. The system of claim 24, further including means for concatenating run lengths in said plurality of combinations of run lengths and reduced color components in a scan line which are associated with reduced color components whose differences are less than a predetermined color difference threshold.

35. The system of claim 24, wherein the digital word size of each of said digital color components is six bits.

36. The system of claim 35, wherein said means for reducing the word size of at least one of said three digital color component signals is adapted to reduce the word size of each of said digital color components to 4 bits.

37. The system of claim 36, wherein said means for coding said plurality of pixels in each scan line is adapted to code each said combination of run length and reduced color components as at least a 16 bit digital word.

38. The system of claim 24, wherein said means for determining said luminance function comprises means for summing each of said three digital color component signals

39. The system of claim 38, wherein said luminance function has a digital word size of 8 bits.

40. The system of claim 38, wherein said means for determining said luminance function includes means for weighting of the sum of said three digital color component signals with respect to one or more of said three digital color component signals.

41. In a camera for use in a video communication system, said camera being of the type producing a color video signal for a plurality of video picture frames, with each picture frame comprising a plurality of scan lines composed of a plurality of pixels, each scan line having a starting pixel and an ending pixel, and each pixel in said frame comprising three digital color component signals of first, second and third digital word sizes, respectively, the improvement in said camera comprising:

(a) means for determining a luminance function for each pixel based upon at least one of said three digital color component signals;

(b) means for determining at least one decision parameter for at least a substantial portion of the pixels in the scan lines of said picture frame based upon the difference of said luminance function between pixels at least one predetermined distance from at least one other pixel on each scan line;

(c) means for determining the rate of change of said at least one decision parameter for each of said pixels for which said luminance function difference has been determined;

(d) means for comparing said rate of change of said at least one decision parameters with a corresponding adaptive rate of change threshold to determine which of said pixels represent decision points;

(e) means for reducing the word size of at least one of said three reduced digital color components signals to provide one to three reduced digital color component signals of fourth, fifth, and sixth digital word sizes, respectively, for each said pixel;

(f) means for coding said plurality of pixels in each scan line as a plurality of combinations of pixel run lengths and said three reduced color component signals for each said run length, said run lengths being determined between said starting pixel for each scan line, intermediate points selected from the group of said decision points and points intermediate said decision points, and said ending pixel, and each run length being of a seventh digital word size.

42. The camera of claim 41, wherein said means for comparing said rates of change includes means for comparing at least one said decision parameter with an adaptive cumulative threshold.

43. The camera of claim 41, wherein said first, second, and third digital word sizes are equal.

44. The camera of claim 41, wherein at least two of said first, second, and third digital word sizes are equal.

45. The camera of claim 41, wherein each of said first, second, and third digital word sizes are different.

46. The camera of claim 41, wherein said color video signal is RGB, and said three digital color component signals represent red, green, and blue color video components.

47. The camera of claim 41, wherein said three digital color component signals represent cyan, magenta, and yellow color video components.

48. The camera of claim 41, wherein said three digital color component signals represent first and second colors and a parameter based upon luminance of the color video signal.

49. The camera of claim 41, wherein said three digital color component are based upon hue, saturation, and intensity of said color video signal.

50. The camera of claim 41, wherein said means for coding said plurality of pixels in each scan line is adapted to code each said combination of run length and reduced color components as at least a 16 bit digital word.

51. The camera of claim 41, further including means for concatenating run lengths in said plurality of combinations of run lengths and reduced color components in a scan line which are associated with reduced color components whose differences are less than a predetermined color difference threshold.

52. The camera of claim 41, wherein the digital word size of each of said digital color components is six bits.

53. The camera of claim 52, wherein said means for reducing the word size of at least one of said three digital color component signals is adapted to reduce the word size of each of said digital color components to 4 bits.

54. The camera of claim 53, wherein said means for coding said plurality of pixels in each scan line is adapted to code each said combination of run length and reduced color components as at least 16 bit digital word.

55. The camera of claim 41, wherein said means for determining said luminance function comprises means for summing each of said three digital color component signals.

56. The camera of claim 51, wherein said luminance function has a digital word size of 8 bits.

57. The camera of claim 55, wherein said means for determining said luminance function includes means for weighting of the sum of said three digital color component signals with respect to one of said three digital color component signals.