Method and apparatus for interpreting optical response data

• US 4,817,623 A
• Filed: 02/18/1986
• Issued: 04/04/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 10/14/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Somanetics Corporation (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Somanetics Corporation (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Stoddart, Hugh F., Lewis, Gary D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jaworski, Francis J.
• Application Number:
  US06/830,578
• Time in Patent Office: 1,141 Days
• Field of Search: 128/633, 128/665, 128/664, 356/432
• US Class Current: 600/477
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0091 for mammography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4312 Breast evaluation or disorder diagnosis A61B5/0091 takes precedence

Abstract

The internal physiological compositional state of an individual examination subject for example a human breast is assessed by transmission of selected light energy spectra into the interior of such subject, detecting the selected spectra after transversal of a distance within the object, quantifying the detected light energy at selected wavelengths, conditioning the obtained value sequence on the basis of distance, determining at least one composite averaged value from the conditioned value, and using such as a characterizing value in comparison with analogously obtained values representative for example of a norm in order to asses the internal state of the subject.

Claims

1. A method of assessing the internal physiological compositional state of an individual examination subject comprised of organic matter and the like which is transmissible by at least certain selected light energy wavelength spectra, comprising the steps:

applying the selected light energy spectra to said examination subject in a manner which infuses at least certain of such light into the interior of such subject;

detecting the presence of said infused light after the same has transmissed a particular distance defining at least a portion of the interior of said examination subject;

quantifying the detected light energy for said examination subject as a sequence of values correlated with at least certain of said selected wavelengths to thereby produce a sequence of discrete wavelength-related values for said examination subject;

conditioning said discrete values at least partially on the basis of said distance, to produce a series of wavelength-related individual conditioned quantified values particularizing the said individual examination subject;

determining at least one composite averaged value from said series of different wavelength values, to characterize the particular subject under examination in terms of at least one individual numerical value; and

comparing selected ones of said at least one numerical value to other analogouslyobtained individual numerical values to thereby assess the internal physiological compositional state of the subject under examination in relation to that characterized by said other numerical values.

2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of determining an averaged value from said series of values for the individual examination subject comprises determination of the statistical first moment of the individual wavelength-related values in said series.

3. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of determining an averaged value from said series of values for the individual examination subject comprises determination of one or more of the group consisting of the statistical first moment of the individual wavelength-related values in said series, the statistical second moment of such individual values, and the root-means-square of said series of values.

4. The method as set forth in claim 1, including the steps of applying said light energy spectra to said examination subject at a plurality of different selected locations thereupon;

detecting, quantifying and conditioning resulting infused light for each such different location, to produce a series of wavelength-related conditioned quantified values for each of said plurality of different examination locations on each examination subject; and

determining an averaged value from each of said plural series of values to provide a corresponding plurality of said averaged values, said plurality of averaged values collectively characterizing the particular subject under examination.

5. The method as set forth in claim 4, wherein at least certain of said averaged values in said plurality thereof comprise the statistical first moment values of a particular one of the series of values in said plurality thereof.

6. The method as set forth in claim 4, wherein said averaged values in said plurality thereof comprise one or more of the group consisting of the statistical first moment, the statistical second moment, and the root-means-square of the series of values on which it is based.

7. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said other analogously-obtained individual numerical values comprise at least one broad-based average made from a plurality of series of conditioned quantified values produced by substantially identical light-spectra examination of a plurality of individual examination subjects.

8. The method as set forth in claim 7, wherein said at least one broad-based average is made from a plurality of value series each of which corresponds to an examination subject within a chronological age classification comprising the approximate chronological age of the individual subject being examined.

9. The method as set forth in claim 8, including the steps of preparing a composite averaged value series from said plurality of series which correspond to examination subjects classified by chronological age, and using said composite average data set as a basis for assessing the internal state of the individual subject under examination.

10. The method as set forth in claim 9, including the step of preparing an individual numerical value by averaging the values in said composite value series.

11. The method as set forth in claim 10, wherein said step of preparing an individual numerical value comprises determining the statistical first moment of the values comprising said composite value series.

12. The method as set forth in claim 10, wherein said step of preparing an individual numerical value comprises determining one or more of the group consisting of the statistical first moment, the statistical second moment, and the root-means-square of the values comprising said composite value series.

13. The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said stop of determining an averaged value from said series of values for the individual examination subject comprises determination of one or more of the goup consisting of the statistical first moment of the individual values in said series, the statistical second moment of such individual values in said series, and the root-means-square value of said individual values in said series.

14. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein said step of comparing selected ones of said one or more individual numerical values for the individual examination subject to said other individual numerical values comprises the preparation of a weighted average which is based upon and which incorporates as unequal components at least two of the members of each of said groups.

15. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of determining at least one averaged value from said series of values comprises the determination of a plurality of statistically-based individual numerical values derived from said values in said series, and wherein said step of comparing selected ones of said individual numerical values to other analogously-obtained individual numerical values comprises the steps of preparing a weighted average which is based upon and which incorporates at least two of said plurality of statistically-based individual numerical values derived from the values of said series and at least two of a plurality of analogous numerical values based upon data characterizing a defined grouping of typical and normative examination subjects.

16. The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein said step of preparing a weighted average comprises unequally combining said at least two of said plurality of statistically-based individual numerical values derived from the values in said series and said at least two of a plurality of analogous numerical values are based upon data characterizing a defined grouping of typical and normative examination subjects.

17. A method of assessing the internal physiological compositional state of an individual examination subject comprised of organic matter and the like which is transmissible by at least certain selected light energy wavelength spectra, comprising the steps:

applying the selected light energy spectra to each of a plurality of examination subjects including said individual examination subject, in a manner infusing at least certain of such light into the interior of each such subject;

detecting the presence of said infused light at a location on each such subject which is spaced from that where the light energy was applied by at least the thickness of the light-infused portion of said subject;

quantifying the detected light energy for each examination subject as a sequence of values correlated with at least certain of said selected wavelengths to thereby produce a sequence of discrete wavelength-related values for each such examination subject;

conditioning said discrete values for each such examination subject at least partially on the basis of said thickness, to produce a series of individual conditioned quantified wavelength-related values for each such examination subject;

determining at least one composite averaged value from a plurality of the different series of wavelength-related values which pertain to at least some of said plurality of examination subjects to characterize a reference averaged value;

determining at least one other averaged value from the series of wavelength-related values pertaining to said individual examination subject; and

comparing said at least one reference averaged value with said at least one other averaged value to thereby assess the internal physiological compositional state of the individual subject under examination in relation to that characterized by said reference average value.

18. The method as set forth in claim 17, including the steps of applying said light energy spectra to said examination subjects at a plurality of different selected locations with respect thereto;

detecting, quantifying and conditioning resulting infused light for each such different location, to produce a series of wavelength-related conditioned quantified values for each of said plurality of different examination locations on each examination subject; and

determining an averaged value from each of said series of values to provide a plurality of said averaged values, certain of said plurality of averaged values collectively characterizing said plurality of examination subjects and certain of said plurality of averaged values collectively characterizing said individual examination subject; and

comparing at least certain of said plurality of averaged values which characterize said individual examination subject with at least certain of said plurality of averaged values which characterize said plurality of examination subjects to thereby assess the internal state of the individual examination subject.

19. The method as set forth in claim 18, wherein said step of comparing is carried out on the basis of one or more of the relationships in the group consisting of Criteria A-I, inclusive.

20. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said step of comparing includes the step of preparing an evaluation score based upon a cumulation of weighted values which are representative of the application of said one or more of the relationships in said group of Criteria.

21. The method as set forth in claim 20, wherein said step of preparing an evaluation score is based upon a cumulation of unequal values which are each representative of the application of a particular one of said one or more relationships in said group of Criteria.

22. The method as set forth in claim 21, wherein said step of preparing a weighted cumulation of values is carried out by using program-controlled apparatus which has been programmed to carry out a predetermined value-weighting schedule representative of the application of said one or more relationships in said group.

23. The method as set forth in claim 22, wherein said step of preparing an evaluation score based on a cumulation of weighted values is carried out by programming said apparatus to accord a comparatively high number to patients in a comparatively high percentile of risk category, to add fractional points if that same examination subject is also present in other lower-risk subsets, to add a significant positive numerical addition if the subject is, additionally, found present in a risk-indicative subset considered somewhat orthogonal to the initially-noted subset, to subtract values if the examination subject is found in any of the comparatively low-percentage risk subsets, and if that subject is not present in any of the defined subsets to peremptorily assign an overriding characterization of low risk.

24. The method as set forth in claim 21, including the step of comparing predetermined characteristics of a known population of examination subjects to the corresponding values resulting from said cumulation of weighted values, and assigning correlated qualitative examination subject characteristics to said cumulation values based on such comparison.

25. The method as set forth in claim 24, wherein said step of assigning qualitative examination subject characteristics to said cumulation values comprises percentile categorization of the presence of such characteristics.