Method of and system and apparatus for locating and/or tracking stolen or missing vehicles and the like

• US 4,818,998 A
• Filed: 03/31/1986
• Issued: 04/04/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: LoJack Operating Company, LP (Solera Holdings Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: LoJack Corporation (Solera Holdings Incorporated)
• Inventors: Stapelfeld, Norval D., Apsell, Sheldon P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tarcza, Thomas H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US06/847,152
• Time in Patent Office: 1,100 Days
• Field of Search: 342/42-46, 342/50, 342/51, 342/88, 342/453, 342/457
• US Class Current: 342/444
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/74 Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2205/05 Anti-theft or abduction
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 25/016 Personal emergency signalling and security systems emergency non-personal manually actuated alarm activators G08B25/12
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/205 Indicating the location of the monitored vehicles as destination, e.g. accidents, stolen, rental

Abstract

An improved vehicle or other object-tracking and location system, preferably, though not essentially, of national scope, wherein transponder or transceiver-equipped stolen or missing vehicles or other objects may be located and/or tracked, as by appropriately-equipped police direction/finding tracking vehicles, through homing-in on periodic transponder reply radio transmissions automatically activated by command activation signals broadcast on the same carrier frequency as the transponder reply signals and with encoded vehicle identification information that causes the intended vehicle transponder so to reply, and with provision for modifying the command signals to require an increased rate of periodic transponder reply signal transmission to assist homing-in on the selected vehicle. In a preferred mode of operation, the verification of whether the reportedly missing vehicle is thus transponder-equipped is preferably established by querying the FBI-NCIC computer system, which will provide the said coded vehicle identification information and automatically cause the appropriate sector or area to broadcast said command activation signals.

Claims

1. A method of tracking a computer-registered transponder-equipped vehicle, upon the same being missing, that comprises, checking the registration of such vehicle to determine that it is computer listed as transponder-equipped;

upon affirmative determination of such transponder equipment listing, initiating the broadcasting in an appropriate sector of a radio activation command signal carrying coded identification unique to said vehicle and its transponder;

receiving said command signal at the vehicle transponder, decoding the identification and verifying that the same is the unique code of said vehicle and its transponder, and, if so, causing the transponder to become activated to transmit periodic vehicle reply signals including unique identification;

receiving said periodic vehicle reply signals in a tracking vehicle and locking onto the same;

thereafter, at the request of the tracking vehicle, modifying the said sector radio activation command signals to provide increased-rate command signals to the vehicle transponder; and

responding to the increased-rate command signals at the vehicle transponder to increase the periodicity of the transmitted transponder vehicle signals to facilitate tracking by the tracking vehicle.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which the radio activation command signals and the transponder transmitted signals are effected on a common carrier frequency, sequentially shared.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 and in which prior to the transponder transmission activation, the presence of existing transmissions on said carrier frequency is monitored, and only upon absence of the same does the transponder commence transmitting its signals.

4. A method as claimed in claim 3 and in which the transponder transmitted reply signals are periodic with a pseudo-random spacing to prevent interference with other transponder transmissions.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4 and in which the periodicity of said transponder transmitted reply signals is adjusted to about one each ten seconds, and the said increased periodicity is about one per second.

6. A method as claimed in claim 2 and in which the said broadcasting of the radio activation command signals is effected rapidly sequentially from a plurality of transmitting antennas spaced throughout said sector.

7. A method as claimed in claim 2 and in which said coded identification is a digital signal imposed on the said carrier of the broadcasting radio activation command signal.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7 and in which said decoding at the vehicle transponder is effected as digital code comprising said unique identification.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8 and in which the transponder code contained in said transponder transmitted periodic reply signals is displayed at said tracking vehicle.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9 and in which the signal strength of the transponder transmitted periodic reply signals displayed at said tracking vehicle is also monitored to enable selection of the nearest missing vehicle for homing-in.

11. A method as claimed in claim 10 and in which the direction of reception of the transponder signals by the tracking vehicle is also displayed at the tracking vehicle to enable said homing-in.

12. A method as claimed in claim 9 and in which, from a multiplicity of such transponder signals received by the tracking vehicle, the same selects and displays only the signal from the particular vehicle-to-be-tracked.

13. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which the increased-rate command signal is automatically terminated after a predetermined interval of time, restoring the broadcasting of the first-named activation command signal.

14. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which, upon the reporting of the recovery of the missing vehicle, the steps are performed of deactivating the recovered vehicle transponder reply signal transmissions and terminating the broadcasting of said activation command signal carrying coded information unique to the recovered vehicle

15. A method as claimed in claim 2 and in which the tracking vehicle requests the broadcasting of said increased-rate command signals to the vehicle transponder, channeling the request to the transmitter(s) effecting the said broadcasting of radio activation command signals in said sector, whereupon the activation command signals are modified to provide said increased-rate-requesting command signals.

16. A method as claimed in claim 2 and in which false and spurious activating command signals are discriminated from the broadcast command signals.

17. A system for tracking computer-registered transponder-equipped vehicles, upon the same being reported missing, having, in combination, means for initiating the broadcasting in an appropriate sector of a radio activation command signal carrying coded identification unique to the missing vehicle and its transponder;

means contained within said missing vehicle transponder for receiving said command signal and for decoding the identification and verifying that the same is the unique code of said missing vehicle and its transponder;

means at the transponder, operable upon such verifying, for thereupon causing the transponder to become activated to transmit periodic vehicle reply signals including unique identification;

tracking vehicle receiving means for receiving periodic vehicle signals and locking onto the same;

means operable at said tracking vehicle for requesting the modifying of the said sector radio activation command signals to provide increased-rate command signals to the vehicle transponder; and

means at said transponder for responding to the increased-rate command signals to increase the periodicity of the transmitted transceiver vehicle reply signals to facilitate tracking by the tracking vehicle.

18. A system as claimed in claim 17 and in which means is provided for the radio activation command signals and the transponder transmitted signals to be transmitted on a common carrier frequency, sequentially shared.

19. A system as claimed in claim 18 and in which the missing vehicle transponder is provided with means operable prior to the transponder transmission activation for monitoring the presence of existing transmissions on said carrier frequency;

and, only in the absence of the same, for causing the transponder thereupon to commence transmitting its reply signals.

20. A system as claimed in claim 19 and in which means is provided for adjusting the transponder to transmit periodically with pseudo-random spacing in order to prevent interference with other transponder transmissions.

21. A system as claimed in claim 20 and in which means is provided at the transponder for adjusting the periodicity of said transponder transmitted reply signals to about one each ten seconds, and then to the said increased periodicity of about one per second.

22. A system as claimed in claim 18 and in which means is provided for broadcasting the radio activation command signal rapidly sequentially from a plurality of transmitting antennas spaced throughout said sector.

23. A system as claimed in claim 18 and in which said coded identification is a digital signal imposed on the said carrier of the broadcasting radio activation command signal.

24. A system as claimed in claim 23 and in which means is provided at the vehicle transponder for decoding as a digital code the said unique identification.

25. A system as claimed in claim 24 and in which means is provided for displaying said unique digital code at said tracking vehicle.

26. A system as claimed in claim 25 and in which means is further provided for displaying the signal strength of the transponder transmitted periodic reply signals at said tracking vehicle.

27. A system as claimed in claim 26 and in which means is provided for displaying the direction of reception of the transponder reply signal at the tracking vehicle.

28. A system as claimed in claim 25 and in which means is provided at the tracking vehicle for selecting and displaying a selected one of a multitude of transponder signals received at the tracking vehicle to the exclusion of others.

29. A system as claimed in claim 18 and in which means is provided at the tracking vehicle for requesting the broadcasting of said increased-rate command signals to the vehicle transponder comprising means for communicating the request to the transmitter(s) effecting the said broadcasting of radio activation command signals in said sector, whereupon the activation command signals are modified to provide said increased-rate-requesting command signals.

30. A system as claimed in claim 18 and in which means comprising non-volatile memory is provided for enabling transponder replies interrupted by power failure to resume upon power restoration.

31. A system as claimed in claim 17 and in which means is provided for automatically terminating the increased-rate command signal after a predetermined interval of time, while restoring the broadcasting of the first-named activation command signal.

32. A system as claimed in claim 17 and in which means is provided, operable upon the reporting of the recovery of the missing vehicle, for deactivating the transponder transmission of said reply signals and terminating the broadcasting of said command signal carrying coded information unique to the recovered vehicle.

51. A system as claimed in claim 17 and in which the said tracking vehicle receiving means comprises direction-finding means for receiving the transmitted vehicle transponder reply signals carrying code information as to said unique identification;

signal and micro-processor means for demodulating such identification code information and for alpha-numerically displaying the same;

means also responsive to the last-named means for simultaneously displaying both the bearing from which the transponder reply signals are received and the signal strength thereof; and

means for locking onto and displaying only the radio reply signals of a selected vehicle transponder.

52. A system as claimed in claim 51 and in which, following the transmission of said increased-rate command signals to the vehicle transponder, said tracking vehicle receiving means is adapted to display said code information and said signal strength at such increased rate to aid in homing-in on the vehicle.

33. A method of locating a transponder-equipped object that comprises, initiating the broadcasting in an appropriate sector of a radio activation command signal carrying coded identification unique to said object and its transponder;

receiving said command signal at the object transponder, decoding the identification and verifying that the same is the unique code of said object and its transponder and, if so, causing the transponder to become activated to transmit periodic reply signals including unique identification;

modifying the said sector radio activation command signals to provide increased-rate command signals to the object transponder; and

responding to the increased-rate command signals at the object transponder to increase the periodicity of its transmitted reply signals.

34. A method as claimed in claim 33 and in which the radio activation command signals and the transponder transmitted reply signals are effected on a common carrier frequency, sequentially shared.

35. Transponder apparatus for use in identifying the presence of an object interrogated by broadcasted radio activation command signals on a predetermined RF carrier carrying coded identification unique to that object and its transponder, the apparatus having, in combination, means for receiving said command signal and for decoding the identification and verifying that the same is the unique code of said object and its transponder;

means operable in the event of such verification, for activating the transponder to transmit periodic reply signals on the same carrier frequency and including unique identification thereupon; and

means responsive to further command signals requesting variation in the rate of such reply signals for thereupon transmitting the reply signals at such varied rate.

36. Transponder apparatus as claimed in claim 35 and in which means is provided operable prior to the transmitting of said periodic reply signals to insure the absence of other transmissions on said carrier frequency before commencing the transmission of said reply signals.

37. Transponder apparatus as claimed in claim 35 and in which said unique code is contained as audio signals modulated upon the said carrier of the command signal, and the said transponder verifying means comprises means for converting the audio signals to digital signals and comparing the same with stored digital signals representing said unique code.

38. Transponder apparatus as claimed in claim 37 and in which, upon said activation of the transponder, digital code signals representing unique identification to be transmitted in the transponder periodic reply signals are converted to audio signals and are transmitted as modulation of the carrier of the reply signals.

39. A variable-broadcasting transponder for identifying and assisting location of an object, comprising, means for detecting encoded information;

means for discerning the presence of its own identification code in said encoded information;

storage means for providing a reply code specific to the transponder;

transmission command means, responsive to said means for discerning, for distinguishing a broadcast rate command in said encoded information and for determining the period of transmission of said reply code; and

means, responsive to said storage means and said transmission command means, for periodically transmitting said reply code.

40. A transponder as claimed in claim 39 and in which means is provided for psuedo-randomly varying the periodicity of the transmitted replies.

41. A transponder as claimed in claim 39 and in which said transmission command means includes transmission periodicity step-up means for recognizing a step-up command in said broadcast rate command and, in response thereto, for producing a shortened transmission period.

42. A transponder as claimed in claim 39 and in which said transmission command means includes deactivation means for recognizing a deactivation command in said broadcast rate command and, in response thereto, for ceasing further transmissions.

43. A transponder as claimed in claim 39 and further including means for sensing a transponder test code in said encoded information, and means responsive to said means for sensing for broadcasting a test reply signal.

44. A transponder as claimed in claim 43 and in which said means for sensing senses both a first test code in said encoded information and a second test code provided through a physical connection to the transponder.

45. A variable-broadcasting transponder for identifying and assisting location of an object, comprising;

receiver means for monitoring an RF signal and demodulating it to recover a carried audio signal;

means for converting said audio signal into digital logical ones when said audio signal is modulated at a first frequency and into digital logical zeros when said audio signal is modulated at a second frequency to obtain digitally encoded information;

means for discerning the presence of its own identification code in said encoded information;

means for providing a digital reply code specific to the transponder;

transmission command means for distinguishing a broadcast rate command in said encoded information and for determining the period of transmission of said reply code;

modulating means for converting said digital reply code into reply code audio signals; and

transmitter means, responsive to said transmission command means, for periodically broadcasting said reply audio signals upon an RF signal.

46. A transponder as claimed in claim 45 and in which said transmission command means includes means for generating a random transmission period.

47. A transponder as claimed in claim 46 and in which said transmission command means further includes activation means for recognizing an activation command in said broadcast rate command and, in response thereto, for enabling said means for generating.

48. A transponder as claimed in claim 45 and in which said transmission command means includes transmission periodicity step-up means for recognizing a step-up command in said broadcast rate command and, in response thereto, for producing a shortened transmission period.

49. A transponder as claimed in claim 45 and in which said transmission command means includes deactivation means for recognizing a deactivation command in said broadcast rate command and, in response thereto, for ceasing further transmissions.

50. A transponder as claimed in claim 45 and in which both RF signals are of the same carrier frequency.