N-Dimensional information display method for air traffic control

• US 4,823,272 A
• Filed: 03/06/1987
• Issued: 04/18/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/06/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Inselberg, Alfred
• Primary Examiner(s): Lall, Parshotam S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Black, Thomas G.
• Application Number:
  US07/022,832
• Time in Patent Office: 774 Days
• Field of Search: 364/461, 364/439, 364/460, 342/455, 342/456, 342/29
• US Class Current: 701/301
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/91 for traffic control G01S13/93 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/22 Producing cursor lines and indicia by electronic means
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/295 Means for transforming co-ordinates or for evaluating data, e.g. using computers

Abstract

Critical differences in the position and motion of aircraft in congested N-dimensional airspace are highly discernible when processed and mapped onto a parallel N-coordinate plane. Trajectory intersection in both time and space may be constantly monitored. The airspace may be accurately controlled by descriptively and prescriptively configuring proposed trajectories and monitoring critical differences before assignment to aircraft. Attributes such as angular deviation, in addition to closing speed and distance, can be evaluated.

Claims

1. A method for displaying, at a display interface coupled to a processor, position and motion information among objects in three-dimensional space, comprising the processor-controlled steps of:

generating and displaying at the interface a parallel coordinate plane having a plurality of axes, including a velocity axis and, orthogonal thereto, four parallel coordinate axes comprising three axes representing spatial dimensions and one axis representing a temporal dimension; and

displaying on said parallel coordinate plane a plurality of multi-segmented lines, each multi-segmented line forming a unique representation of the position and motion information of one of said objects so that separation between said multi-segmented lines in one of said parallel coordinates can be detected as indicative of a lack of a conflict between the positions of the objects.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of displaying multi-segmented lines comprises:

displaying on said parallel coordinate plane a first pair of multi-segmented lines, each line representing a set of points designating the position and motion information of a first of said objects at an end of a designated segment of its trajectory, so that the first area bounded by said first pair of multi-segmented lines represents the designated segment of trajectory for said first object; and

displaying on said parallel coordinate plane a second pair of multi-segmented lines, each line representing a set of points designating the position and motion information of a second of said objects at an end of a designated segment of its trajectory, so that the second area bounded by said second pair of multi-segmented lines represents the designated segment of trajectory for said second object.

3. The method of claim 2, additionally comprising determining said first and second objects have conflicting trajectories if said first and second areas have no discernible separation on any of said parallel coordinate axes.

4. The method of claim 3, additionally comprising causing visible indication on said interface of trajectories whose discernible separation as mapped onto at least one parallel coordinate in the planar display is less than a predetermined amount.

5. A method of displaying the trajectories of first and second aircraft through three dimensional space, comprising:

generating in a processor and displaying at a user interface a parallel coordinate plane having a plurality of axes, including a velocity axis and, orthogonal thereto, four parallel coordinate axes including three axes representing spatial dimensions and one axis representing a temporal dimension;

generating in said processor and displaying on said parallel coordinate plane first and second multi-segmented lines, each line representing a unique set of points representing the position and motion information of a respective one of said aircraft; and

determining whether separation exists between said multi-segmented lines in at least one of said parallel coordinates to determine whether a conflict exists between the trajectories of the first and second aircraft.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said first multi-segmented line represents the position and motion information of said first aircraft at a point on its trajectory, and said second multi-segmented line represents the position and motion information of said second aircraft at a point on its trajectory, and said method additionally comprises:

generating in said processor and displaying at said interface on said parallel coordinate plane a third multi-segmented line representing a set of points representing the position and motion information of said first aircraft at another point on its trajectory so that a first area bounded by said first and third multi-segmented lines represents a segment of the trajectory of said first aircraft;

generating in said processor and displaying at said interface on said parallel coordinate plane a fourth multi-segmented line representing a set of points representing the position and motion information of said second aircraft at another point on its trajectory, so that a second area bounded by said second and fourth multi-segmented lines represents a segment of the trajectory of said second aircraft; and

determining if said first and second bounded areas have any discernible separation on at least one of said parallel coordinates.

7. A method of determining potential conflict between two N-dimensional processes comprising:

generating in a processor and displaying at an interface an N-axes parallel coordinate plane having N parallel axes, each representative of one of said N dimensions;

generating in said processor and displaying at said interface on said paralel coordinate plane a first polygonal line representing a first N-tuple, said first N-tuple being a multivariate data point of a first process, and said first polygonal line intersecting each of said parallel coordinates;

generating in said processor and displaying at said interface on said parallel coordinate plane a second polygonal line representing a second N-tuple, said second N-tuple being a multivariate data point in a second process, said second polygonal line intersecting each of said parallel coordinates;

determining if a predetermined relationship exists between said first and second polygonal lines at any of said parallel coordinates.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein:

said first and second processes are the trajectories of first and second objects in space;

said N dimensions include three spatial dimensions and a temporal dimension;

said first polygonal line represents a point in space and time on the trajectory of said first object;

said second polygonal line represents a point in space and time on the trajectory of said second object;

said step of determining if a predetermined relationship exists between said first and second polygonal lines comprises determining if said first and second lines intersect any of said parallel axes at different points.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said first and second objects include first and second aircraft, respectively.

10. The method of claim 7, additionally comprising:

generating in said processor and displaying at said interface on said parallel coordinate plane a third polygonal line representing a third N-tuple, said third N-tuple being a multivariate data point in said first process, different from said data point of said first N-tuple, and thus forming on said parallel coordinate plane a first bounded area representative of a feasible segment of said first process;

generating in said processor and displaying at said interface on said parallel coordinate plane a fourth polygonal line representing a fourth N-tuple, said fourth N-tuple being a multivariate data point in said second process, different from said data point of said second bounded area representative of a segment of said second process; and

wherein said step of determining if a predetermined relationship exists between said first and second polygonal lines comprises determining if a predetermined relationship exists between said first and second bounded areas.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein:

said first and second processes are the trajectories of first and second aircraft;

said N dimensions include three spatial dimensions and a temporal dimension;

said first and third polygonal lines represent points in space and time on the trajactory of said first aircraft;

said second and fourth polygonal lines represent points in space and time on the trajectory of said second aircraft; and

said step of determining if a predetermined relationship exists between said first and second bounded areas comprises determining if said first and second bounded areas have any discernible separation.