Hybrid coding process by transformation for the transmission of picture signals

• US 4,827,338 A
• Filed: 06/04/1987
• Issued: 05/02/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 10/22/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Eude Gerard
• Original Assignee: Eude Gerard
• Inventors: Gerard, Eude
• Primary Examiner(s): Groody, James J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kostak, Victor R.
• Application Number:
  US07/067,774
• Time in Patent Office: 698 Days
• Field of Search: 358/136, 358/135
• US Class Current: 375/240.18
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/107 between spatial and temporal predictive coding, e.g. picture refresh
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/112 according to a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/124 Quantisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/129 Scanning of coding units, e.g. zig-zag scan of transform coefficients or flexible macroblock ordering [FMO]
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/146 Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/152 by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/176 the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/18 the unit being a set of transform coefficients
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/192 the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/50 using predictive coding H04N19/61 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/59 involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/60 using transform coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/619 the transform being operated outside the prediction loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/80 Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation H04N19/635, H04N19/86 take precedence

Abstract

Hybrid coding process by transformation for the transmission of images or pictures. The pictures are defined by a sequence of frames, each frame containing a set of matrix-organized blocks, each block containing a set of digital data organized in matrix form and representing part of the picture. The process successively comprises the stages of transforming each block in the frequency range, quantifying the transformed coefficients of each block, evaluating the data volume necessary for coding said transformed block by an intraframe mode statistical coding, evaluation of the data volume necessary for coding said transformed block by an interframe mode statistical coding, comparison of said data volumes and decision concerning the coding mode as a function of said date volumes and the maximum volume authorized by the flow rate on the transmission line and statistical coding of said block by a variable length code.

Claims

1. Process for hybrid coding by transformation for reducing the data volume necessary for representing pictures, in which the pictures are defined by a sequence of frames, each frame containing a set of matrix-organized blocks, each block containing a set of matrix-organized digital data representing part of the picture, characterized in that the process involves transforming each digital data block into a block transformed coefficients representing said block in the frequency range, quantifying the transformed coefficients of each block to obtain quantified transformed coefficients, each having a value taken from a limited set of predetermined values, scanning each block of quantified transformed coefficients to produce a sequence of quantified transformed coefficients and evaluating the data volume necessary for coding said sequence by statistical coding, calculating a block of difference coefficients by a difference between a block of quantified transformed coefficients and the corresponding block of the preceding frame, scanning the block of difference coefficients for producing a sequence of difference coefficients and evaluating the data volume necessary for coding said sequence of difference coefficients by said statistical coding, comparing of the data volumes necessary for coding a block and deciding on the coding mode as a function of said data volumes and the maximum volume authorised by the rate on the transmission lines and statistical coding of the block, in accordance with the decided mode, by said statistical code.

2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a supplementary movement detection stage performed after the transformation stage, said movement detection stage consisting of comparing a transformed block of the current frame with the corresponding transformed block of the preceding frame to obtain a difference and, in the case where said difference is below a predetermined threshold, transmitting on the transmission line a non-refreshing code for the block.

3. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a supplementary movement detection stage, performed after the quantification stage, said movement detection stage consisting of comparing the transformed block of the current frame with the corresponding transformed block of the preceding frame and, in the case where said difference is below a predetermined threshold, transmitting on the transmission line a non-refreshing code for the block.

4. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that, for each scanning stage, several classes of blocks each corresponding to a given block frequency structure is defined, for each class is defined a scan adapted to said class and during each scanning stage, the best class for a block is determined by an energy criterion of the block and said block is scanned in accordance with the scan associated with said best class.

5. Process according to claim 4, characterized in that a definition takes place of a partition of the components of the block into several zones and in that each class is either a zone, or a combination of several zones.