Transparent article having high visible transmittance
First Claim
1. An electrically conductive transparent article, comprising in order:
- a transparent base;
a first transparent dereflecting layer;
a transparent metallic layer;
a titanium dioxide layer having a thickness of 2 to 5 nanometers;
a second dereflecting layer having an index of refraction intermediate between a top layer and 2.7;
a top protective layer andan electrode for transmitting electric current to the metallic layer.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A transparent article comprising a base, at least four coated layers, and a top protective layer is disclosed. The coated layers include a first dereflecting region, a transparent layer of silver or other metal, and a second dereflecting region comprising a layer of titanium dioxide and a layer of another dielectric mater. A titanium dioxide layer may also be a component of the first dereflecting region. Each dereflecting region that includes a titanium dioxide layer also comprises a layer of a transparent oxide or other dielectric material having an index of refraction intermediate between about 2.7, the approximate index of titanium dioxide, and the index of the nearby base or top layer, respectively. The intermediate index material is preferably zinc oxide because this material can be relatively quickly and inexpensively deposited by reaction sputtering. Also disclosed is a method for depositing the coated layers by sputtering and reactive sputtering of titanium and silver, zinc or other materials. The coating is useful as a component of a laminated window, particularly on electrically heated windshields for automobiles.
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Citations
22 Claims
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1. An electrically conductive transparent article, comprising in order:
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a transparent base; a first transparent dereflecting layer; a transparent metallic layer; a titanium dioxide layer having a thickness of 2 to 5 nanometers; a second dereflecting layer having an index of refraction intermediate between a top layer and 2.7; a top protective layer and an electrode for transmitting electric current to the metallic layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A process for making an electrically conductive transparent article having a visible transmittance of greater than 70% and a resistivity of less than 5 ohms/square, comprising:
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depositing a first dereflecting layer on a transparent base by reactive sputtering of a metal; depositing a transparent metal layer by sputtering a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, aluminum and gold; depositing a layer of titanium dioxide having a thickness of 2 to 5 nanometers adjacent the metal layer by sputtering; covering the sputtered layers with a top protective layer; and providing an electrode for transmitting electric current to the metallic layer. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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Specification