Bipolar metal/air battery

• US 4,828,939 A
• Filed: 06/01/1987
• Issued: 05/09/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Eltech Systems Corporation (Industrie De Nora S.p.A)
• Original Assignee: Eltech Systems Corporation (Industrie De Nora S.p.A)
• Inventors: Niksa, Andrew J., Niksa, Marilyn J., Pohto, Gerald R., Turley, Homer L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kalafut, Stephen J.
• Application Number:
  US07/056,567
• Time in Patent Office: 708 Days
• Field of Search: 429/27, 429/38, 429/66
• US Class Current: 429/405
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0413 Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0468 Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/065 with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/024 Insertable electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8626 characterised by the form
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/48 with bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0232 Metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A bipolar battery assembly of the consumable metal anode type is described. Contact between internal battery elements is now enhanced by air assisted, internally exerted compressive force. Battery elements are constructed in modular manner that assists in the ease of battery assembly and disassembly. Furthermore, ease of anode replenishment is maintained. A multitude of individual cells can now be joined together in an efficient bipolar assembly cell stack for augmented electrical energy generation. In addition to being bipolar, the battery is of rugged construction, providing for dependable, long-life operation that is desirably maintenance-free.

Claims

1. a metal-air bipolar battery, said battery having at least one cell, said battery comprising:

a consumable, plate-like metal anode, said anode having pressed against a broad face thereof

a solid conductive anode current collector, which current collector has, on the side opposite the side pressed against the anode,

conductive and compressible metal spring members affixed to said anode current collector and extending away therefrom across an air chamber;

an electrically conductive porous metal member with said compressible metal spring members extending across said air chamber and come into pressing contact against a broad planar face of said porous metal member, or into contact with an electrically conductive apertured facing element for said porous metal member, which porous metal member extends in a direction opposite from the metal spring members into face-to-face electrically conductive contact with,

an air cathode which, on its broad planar surface opposite from the porous metal member, is exposed to a chamber that is situated between said air cathode and metal anode, said chamber serving to permit the passage of battery electrolyte between anode and cathode.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein said consumable metal anode contains aluminum, zinc, lead, calcium, beryllium, lithium, magnesium or their alloys or intermetallic mixtures thereof.

3. The battery of claim 1, wherein said anode current collector is a plate-like current collector and one broad face of said current collector is in face-to-face contact with said anode.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein said anode current collector is a nickel plate.

5. The battery of claim 1, wherein said anode current collector is a metal plate surrounded at its periphery with a flexible diaphragm.

6. The battery of claim 1, further characterized by containing air supply means providing air to said air chamber.

7. The battery of claim 1, wherein said porous metal member is a rigid porous metal reticulate having interconnecting pores or openings.

8. The battery of claim 1, wherein said conductive compressible metal spring members extend from said current collector across an air chamber to an apertured facing element which is in snug, electrically conductive contact with a rigid or flexible porous metal member.

9. The battery of claim 1, wherein said air cathode is in sheet form and contains a foraminous metal conductor member of planar shape, pressed in electrically conductive contact against a planar face of said sheet cathode.

10. The battery of claim 9, wherein said porous metal member is pressed against said foraminous metal conductor member, providing a multitude of contact points therebetween, whereby said porous metal member and foraminous metal conductor member combine to form a cathode current collector.

11. The battery of claim 1 further characterized by containing electrolyte supply means providing electrolyte to said aperture situated between anode and cathode.

12. The battery of claim 1, wherein said chamber between anode and cathode contains a separator.

13. The battery of claim 12, wherein said separator provides at least about a 90 percent open area between anode and cathode.

14. The battery of claim 1, further characterized by having at least some compressible metal spring members extending to a current collector plate which is in contact with an end plate, with said end plate providing for the withdrawal of current from said cell.

15. The battery of claim 1, characterized by being in a cell stack of like cells.

16. In cells for a metal-air bipolar battery, the improvement comprising:

electrically conductive and compressible metal spring members affixed to, but extending away from, an anode current collector, said metal spring members extending across an air chamber into contact with

an electrically conductive porous metal member, or into contact with an electrically conductive apertured facing element for said member, which porous metal member is, on the face opposite from said pressing contact, in firm, electrically conductive contact against an air cathode for said metal-air battery.

17. The structure of claim 16, wherien said current collector is a plate-like, solid current collector and one broad face of said current collector is in face-to-face contact with an anode.

18. The structure of claim 16, wherein said anode current collector is a metal plate surrounded peripherally by a flexible diaphragm.

19. The structure of claim 16 further characterized by containing air supply means providing air to said air chamber.

20. The structure of claim 16, wherein said conductive compressible members extend from said current collector across an air chamber to an apertured facing element which is in snug, electrically conductive contact with a rigid or flexible porous metal member.

21. The structure of claim 16, wherein said porous metal member is a rigid porous metal reticulate having interconnecting pores or openings.

22. The structure of claim 16, wherein said air cathode is in sheet form and contains a foraminous metal conductor member of planar shape, pressed in electrically conductive contact against a planar face of said sheet cathode.

23. The structure of claim 22, wherein said porous metal member is pressed against said foraminous metal conductor member, providing a multitude of contact points therebetween, whereby said porous metal member and foraminous metal conductor member combine to form a cathode current collector.

24. The structure of claim 22, wherein said air cathode sheet has a foraminous metal conductor member pressed against each broad face of said sheet.