Device for detecting the presence of frost and/or for measuring the thickness of frost by ultrasound and frost probe usable in such a device

• US 4,833,660 A
• Filed: 10/14/1987
• Issued: 05/23/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Office National D'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales
• Original Assignee: Office National D'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales
• Inventors: Guffond, Didier, Garnier, Jean-Claude, Deom, Alain
• Primary Examiner(s): Kyle, Deborah L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ELDRED, JOHN W
• Application Number:
  US07/107,983
• Time in Patent Office: 587 Days
• Field of Search: 367/157, 367/159, 367/908, 367/902, 73/1 J, 73/615, 73/627, 73/629, 73/597, 73/646, 73/617, 244/134 R, 244/134 F, 62/139, 62/140, 340/962, 310/336
• US Class Current: 367/157
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 17/025 for measuring thickness of coating
• CPC Class Codes: G01W 1/00 Meteorology
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 367/902 Speed of sound compensation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 367/908 Material level detection, e.g. liquid level

Abstract

In a detection device of the presence of frost and/or measuring the thickness of the frost by ultrasound, a probe with a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer generates an ultra-sonic acoustic emission wave and detects ultrasonic acoustic echo waves reflected by the frost. An actuating device for the probe is arranged to provide to the transducer electrical energizing signals. The probe comprises: a frost detector placed in front of the transducer and constituted of a material having an acoustic impedance between 30×10⁵ and 44×10⁵ kg m^-2 s^-1. This detector has a surface designed to be exposed to the surrounding atmosphere to be covered with frost. An acoustic delay device is adapted to ensure acoustic coupling and adaptation between the transducer and the detector and to separate in time the ultrasonic emission add reflected waves. A body of heat insulating material covers the assembly of the detector, the transducer and the acoustic delay device.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the presence of frost by ultrasound, comprising:

a probe including an ultrasonic transducer of the piezoelectric type adapted to generate an ultrasonic acoustic emission wave and to detect ultrasonic acoustic echo waves reflected by the frost;

an actuating means for said probe arranged to provide to said ultrasonic transducer electrical energizing signals in order to cause said ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves and then to detect and process the electrical echo signals at an output of said ultrasonic transducer; and

wherein said probe comprises, in addition, in combination;

(a) a frost detector placed in front of said ultrasonic transducer and constituted of a Bakelite cotton material having an acoustic impedance substantially different from that of the frost and comprised between 36×

10⁵ and 44×

10⁵ kg/m² s, said frost detector having a front surface designed to be exposed to the surrounding atmosphere and hence subject to being covered with frost;

(b) an acoustic delay means adapted to ensure acoustic coupling and adaptation between said ultrasonic transducer and said frost detector and to separate in time the ultrasonic emission wave and the ultrasonic reflected wave, said acoustic delay means comprising an acoustic delay element which is inserted between said frost detector and said ultrasonic transducer which has an acoustic impedance comprised between 12×

10⁶ and 36×

10⁶ kg/m² s, and which is made of a resin filled with a tungsten powder having a specific gravity of about 1.5-2; and

(c) A body of heat insulating material covering an assembly of said detector, said transducer, and said acoustic delay means.

2. A device for detecting the presence of frost according to claim 1, which further comprises a heat-regulating means, including particularly a heating element, for regulating an inside of said probe.

3. A device for detecting the presence of frost according to claim 1, wherein said front surface of said frost detector is convex.

4. A device for detecting the presence of frost according to claim 1, and further including a screw means for screwably fixing said frost detector removably to said body.

5. A device for detecting the presence of frost according to claim 1, wherein said actuating means for actuating the probe comprises a variable gain amplifier actuated by a signal of progressive amplitude variation at the moment of emission of the ultrasonic signal, so that there is procured automatic compensation of the weakening of the ultrasonic echo signal according to the thickness of the frost and an electrical output signal is collected having an amplitude approximately constant whatever the thickness of the frost.

6. A system for detecting the presence of frost on an exposed surface of a structure, said system comprising a device according to claim 1 and a housing hollowed in the structure in which said probe is implanted, said housing being configured such that said front surface of said frost detector is flush with the exposed surface.

7. A system for detecting the presence of frost on an exposed surface as claimed in claim 6 wherein said exposed surface is a leading edge of an airplane wing.

8. A system for indicating by ultrasound the presence of glazed frost on a surface, wherein said system comprises a device according to claim 1 and a movable arm, and wherein said probe is arranged at an end of said moveable arm.

9. A device for detecting the presence of frost according to claim 1, wherein said acoustic delay element has an acoustic impedance comprised between 12×

10⁶ kg/m² s and 32×

10⁶ kg/m² s.

10. A device for measuring the thickness of frost by ultrasound comprising:

a probe including an ultrasonic transducer of the piezoelectric type adapted to generate an ultrasonic acoustic emission wave and to detect ultrasonic acoustic echo waves reflected by the frost;

an actuating means for said probe arranged to provide to said ultrasonic transducer electrical energizing signals in order to cause said ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves and then to detect and process the electrical echo signals at an output of said ultrasonic transducer; and

wherein the probe comprises, in addition, in combination;

(a) a frost detector placed in front of said ultrasonic transducer and constituted of a methyl polymethacrylate material having an acoustic impedance as close as possible to that of the frost and comprised between 30×

10⁵ and 34×

10⁵ kg/m² s, said frost detector having a front surface designed to be exposed to the surrounding atmosphere and hence subject to being covered with frost, said material constituting said detector having a thickness providing acoustic delay so as to ensure acoustic coupling and adaptation between said ultrasonic transducer and said frost detector and to separate in time the ultrasonic emission wave and the ultrasonic reflected wave; and

(b) a body of heat insulating material covering an assembly of said detector and said transducer.

11. A device for measuring the thickness of frost according to claim 10, which further comprises a heat-regulating means, including particularly a heating element, for regulating an inside of said probe.

12. A device for measuring the thickness of frost according to claim 10, wherein said front surface of said frost detector is convex.

13. A device for measuring thickness of frost by ultrasound according to claim 10, and further including a screw means for screwably fixing said frost detector removably to said body.

14. A device for measuring the thickness of frost by ultrasound according to claim 10, wherein said actuating means for actuating said probe comprises a variable gain amplifier actuated by a signal of progressive amplitude variation at the moment of emission of the ultrasonic signal, so that there is procured automatic compensation of the weakening of the ultrasonic echo signal according to the thickness of the frost and an electrical output signal is collected having an amplitude approximately constant whatever the thickness of the frost.

15. A system for measuring the thickness of frost by ultrasound on an exposed surface of a structure, said system comprising a device according to claim 10 and a housing hollowed in the structure in which said probe is implanted, said housing being configured such that said front surface of said frost detector is flush with the exposed surface.

16. A system for detecting the presence of frost on an exposed surface as claimed in claim 15 wherein said exposed surface is a leading edge of an airplane wing.