Apparatus for controlling steering of wheels of a vehicle

• US 4,834,205 A
• Filed: 02/03/1988
• Issued: 05/30/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Amano, Yasushi, Mizuno, Masahiko, Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki, Yasuda, Eiichi, Hayashi, Yasutaka, Doi, Shunichi
• Primary Examiner(s): James, Andrew J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Soltz, David
• Application Number:
  US07/151,881
• Time in Patent Office: 482 Days
• Field of Search: 180/141, 180/142, 180/79.1, 74/388 P, 364/424
• US Class Current: 180/422
• CPC Class Codes: B60G 2400/841 Wind
• CPC Class Codes: B62D 5/061 provided with effort, steering lock, or end-of-stroke limiters
• CPC Class Codes: B62D 6/00 Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits means for initiating a change in direction B62D1/00; steering valves B62D5/06; combined with means for inclining the vehicle body or wheels on bends B62D9/00
• CPC Class Codes: B62D 7/159 characterised by computing methods or stabilisation processes or systems, e.g. responding to yaw rate, lateral wind, load, road condition

Abstract

An apparatus for controlling steering of wheels of a vehicle comprises a control means, a driving means, and an actuator means. The control means comprises a feed forward signal operating means, a feed back signal operating means for generating signals for variables representing vehicle behaviors and output from a vehicle behavior sensor, and a control signal operating means for calculating a difference or sum of the signals output from the feed forwad and feedback signal operating means. The feed forward signal operating means comprises a steering angle signal circuit, a steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, a steering angle signal operating circuit having a first coefficient circuit for multiplying a steering angle signal with a coefficient, and an adder for adding the outputs from the steering angle signal circuit, the steering angle signal operating circuit, and the steering angular velocity operating circuit. A behavior correction capacity against a side wind or disturbance is very high, and a steering system can be controlled to shorten the response time for changes in vehicle behaviors with respect to a steering input, thereby providing optimal steering. The control means further comprises a gain changing means to supply optimal coefficients to the feed forward and feedback signal operating means.

Claims

1. An apparatus for controlling steering of wheels of a vehicle, comprising:

a steering sensor for detecting a steering angle of a steering wheel;

a vehicle behavior sensor for detecting variables representing vehicle behavior;

control means comprising

feed forward signal operating means including

a steering angle signal circuit for transmitting, without modification, a steering angle signal output from said steering sensor,

a steering angle signal operating circuit including a first coefficient circuit for multiplying the steering angle signal with a coefficient to correct the magnitude of the detected steering angle.

a steering angular velocity signal operating circuit including a differentiator for calculating a steering angular velocity signal from the steering angle signal and a second coefficient circuit for multiplying the steering angular velocity signal with a coefficient, and

an adder for adding signals output from said steering angle signal circuit, said steering angle signal operating circuit, and said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit to output a sum signal,

the sum signal being output as a feed forward signal,

feedback signal operating means comprising a vehicle behavior state variable signal operating circuit including a third coefficient circuit for multiplying with a coefficient the signals for variables representing vehicle behavior output from said vehicles behavior sensor, said vehicle behavior state variable signal operating circuit outputting a signal as a feedback signal, and

control signal operating means including an adder/subtractor for calculating a difference or a sum of signals output from said feed forward signal operating means and said feedback signal operating means and for outputting a steering control signal;

driving means for amplifying the steering control signal output from said control means;

driving means for amplifying the steering control signal output from said control means; and

actuator means for applying an optimal steering angle of either front or rear wheels or both on the basis of an output from said driving means.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a vehicle state detection sensor for detecting vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel, said control means comprising gain changing means, connected to said vehicle state detection sensor and said first coefficient circuit, for changing the coefficient of said first coefficient circuit on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel output from said vehicle state detection sensor.

3. An apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising an outside environmental situation detection sensor for detecting state variables representing outside environmental situations, said control means comprising gain changing means, connected to said vehicle state detection sensor and/or said outside environmental situation detection sensor and said first coefficient circuit, for changing the coefficient of said first coefficient circuit on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variables with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and/or signals for state variables representing outside environmental situations and output from said outside environmental situation detection sensor.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said gain changing means comprises gain changing means, connected to said first and second coefficient circuits, for changing the coefficients of said first and second coefficient circuits on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and/or the signals for state variables representing the outside environmental situations and output from said outside environmental situation detection sensor.

5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said gain changing means comprises gain changing means, connected to said first, second, and third coefficient circuits, for changing the coefficients of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and/or the signals for state variables representing the outside environmental situations and output from said outside environmental situation detection sensor.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said gain changing means comprises gain changing means, connected to said vehicle state detection sensor and/or said outside environmental situation detection sensor and said steering sensor and/or said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, for changing the coefficient of at least one of said coeficient circuits on the basis of signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and/or the signals for state variables representing the outside environmental situations and output from said outside environmental state detection sensor and the steering angle signal from said steering sensor and/or the steering angular velocity signal output from said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit.

7. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said gain changing means comprises gain changing means, connected to said vehicle state detection sensor and/or said outside environmental situation sensor, said steering sensor and/or said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, and said vehicle behavior sensor, for changing the coefficient of at least one of said coefficient circuits on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and/or the signals for state variable representing outside environmental situations, the steering angle signal from said steering sensor and/or the steering angular velocity signal from said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, and the signals for variables representing the vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor.

8. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said gain changing means comprises:

sense-of-situation determining means for determining a current level of a vehicle situation with reference to human senses on the basis of at least one of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor, the signals for state variables representing the outside environmental situations and output from said outside environmental situation detection sensor, the steering angle signal output from said steering sensor, the steering angular velocity signal output from said steering angular velocity signal circuit, and the signals for variables representing the vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor;

vehicle state determining means for determining necessity of stability and controllability by using functions for replacing outputs from said sense-of-situation determining means into the necessity of stability and controllability; and

gain deciding means for deciding gains from output values from said vehicle state determining means and outputting the gains to said coefficient circuits.

9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said gain deciding means in said gain changing means comprises:

a memory for calculating gain values for optimizing vehicle motion in a state of the necessity of stability and controllability and for storing calculated results; and

a gain selector for selecting the gains by selecting the gain values calculated in the state of the necessity of stability and controllability from said memory, on the basis of the determination result from said vehicle state determining means.

10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said gain deciding means in said gain changing means comprises a memory for storing a stability priority gain for increasing vehicle stability and a response priority gain for increasing the vehicle response, and a gain calculation section for weighting these two gains on the basis of the determination value from said vehicle state determining means and calculating gains suitable for the current situation.

11. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said gain changing means comprises:

vehicle behavior state variable estimating means for estimating the variables representing vehicle behaviors on the basis of the steering angle signal output from said steering sensor and the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor;

μ

estimating means for estimating a friction value (μ

) between the vehicle wheels and the road surface on the basis of a vehicle behavior state variable estimation signal output from said vehicle behavior state variable estimating means and the signals for variables representing the vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor; and

coefficient circuit coefficient changing means for changing the coefficient of at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of an estimated μ

signal output from said μ

estimating means,

an optimal gain being supplied to said at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits.

12. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein

said vehicle behavior state variable estimating means estimates the state variables representing the vehicle behaviors on the basis of the steering control signal output from said control signal operating means and the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor, and

said μ

estimating means comprises comparing means for comparing peak values of signals for estimating the variables representing the vehicle behaviors, the signals for estimating the state variables being output from said vehicle behavior state variable estimating means with peak values of the signals for variables representing the vehicle behaviors, and μ

determining means for estimating the friction value μ

on the basis of a result of an output from said comparing means.

13. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said gain changing means comprises:

means for estimating the variables representing the vehicle behaviors on the basis of the steering control signal output from said control signal operating means and the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor;

μ

estimating means for estimating a friction value on the basis of the signals for estimating the state variables being output from said vehicle behavior state variable estimating means, and the signals for variables representing vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor;

slip ratio calculating means for calculating slip ratios of the vehicle wheels on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and vehicle wheel velocities; and

coefficient circuit coefficient changing means for changing the coefficient of at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of an estimated μ

signal output from said μ

estimating means and slip ratio signals output from said slip ratio calculating means.

14. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said gain hanging means comprises:

means for estimating the variables representing the vehicle behaviors on the basis of the steering control signal output from said control signal operating means and the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor;

μ

estimating means for estimating a friction value on the basis of the signals for estimating the state variables being output from said vehicle behavior state variable estimating means, and the signals for variables representing vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor;

road surface shape estimating means for estimating road surface shapes on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor; and

coefficient circuit coefficient changing means for changing the coefficient of at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of an estimated μ

signal output from said μ

estimating means and road surface shape signals output from said road surface shape estimating means.

15. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said gain changing means comprises:

means for estimating the variables representing the vehicle behaviors on the basis of the steering control signal output from said control signal operating means and the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor;

μ

estimating means for estimating a friction value on the basis of the signals for estimating the state variables being output from said vehicle behavior state variable estimating means, and the signals for variables representing vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor;

sensor abnormality detecting means for detecting abnormalities of said steering sensor, said vehicle behavior sensor, and said vehicle state detection sensor; and

coefficient circuit coefficient changing means for changing the coefficient of at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of an estimated μ

signal output from said μ

estimating means and sensor abnormality detection signals output from said sensor abnormality detecting means.

16. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said gain changing means is connected to said vehicle state detection sensor and/or said outside environmental situation detection sensor, said steering sensor and/or said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, and said vehicle behavior sensor, said gain changing means comprises:

sense-of-situation determining means for determining a current level of a vehicle situation with reference to human senses on the bases of at least one of the signals for state variables representing the vehicle and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and/or the signals for state variables representing the outside environmental situations and output from said outside environmental situation detection sensor, the steering angle signal output from said steering sensor and/or the steering angular velocity signal output from said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, and the signals for state variables representing the vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor, vehicle state determining means for determining necessary vehicle stability and controllability by using functions for replacing outputs from said sense-of-situation determining means into the necessary vehicle stability and controllability; and

gain deciding means comprising a memory for storing a stability priority gain for increasing vehicle stability and a response priority gain for increasing the vehicle response, and a gain calculation section for weighting these two gains on the basis of the determination value from said vehicle state determining means and calculating gains suitable for the current situations.

17. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said gain changing means comprises:

sense-of-situation determining means for determining a current level of a vehicle situation with reference to human senses on the basis of at least one of the signals for vehicle travel variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor, the signals for state variables representing the outside environmental situations and output from said outside environmental situation detection sensor, the steering angle signal output from said steering sensor, the steering angular velocity signal output from said steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, and the signals for variables representing the vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor;

vehicle state determining means for determining necessary stability and response measures by using functions for replacing outputs from said sense-of-situation determining means into the necessity of stability and controllability; and

gain deciding means for deciding gains from output values from said vehicle state determining means and outputting the gains to said coefficient circuits.

18. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said gain changing means comprises:

μ

estimating means for estimating friction values (μ

) on the basis of a vehicle behavior state variable estimation signal output from vehicle behavior state variable estimating means and the signals for variables representing the vehicle behaviors and output from said vehicle behavior sensor;

slip ratio calculating means for calculating slip ratios of the vehicle wheels on the basis of the signals for state variables representing the vehicle and output from said vehicle state detection sensor and vehicle wheel speeds;

road surface shape estimating means for estimating a road surface shape on the basis of the signals for vehicle travel state variable with the vehicle travel and output from said vehicle state detection sensor;

sensor abnormality detecting means for detecting abnormalities of said steering sensor, said vehicle behavior sensor, and said vehicle state detection sensor; and

coefficient circuit coefficient changing means for performing one of changing operations, the changing operations being an operation for changing the coefficient of at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of an estimated μ

signal output from said μ

estimating means and slip ratio signals output from said slip ratio calculating means, an operation for changing the coefficient of at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of the estimated μ

signal output from said μ

estimating means and an estimated road surface shape signal output from said road surface shape estimating means, and an operation for changing the coefficient of at least one of said first, second, and third coefficient circuits on the basis of the estimated μ

signal output from said μ

estimating means and sensor abnormality detection signals output from said sensor abnormality detecting means.