Apparatus and method of air-conditioning parked aircraft
First Claim
1. A method of maintaining, for a prescribed cabin heat flow rate, the temperature in the interior of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at approximately 75°
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, the method comprising the steps of;
reducing the temperature of a portion of the ambient air external to the aircraft to a first level of temperature which is at least 5°
F. below the freezing point of water, using electrically-powered vapor-compression cycle cooling apparatus located external to the airplane; and
providing to the aircraft external air inlet at a second level of temperature which is below the freezing point of water the air cooled by the cooling apparatus at a cooling air flow rate established by an electric motor driven blower whose power requirement is more than 10 percent of the power required by the cooling apparatus and which compresses the air cooled by the cooling apparatus to a pressuure of at least 13 inches of water, where the cooling air flow rate is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per mintue, is greater than 600.
3 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A method and apparatus for air conditioning parked aircraft is disclosed in which air at a temperature below the freezing point of water is provided under pressure to the aircraft. The use of sub-freezing air enables a reduction in air flow rate over prior art systems. This results in less power consumption for cooling and pressurizing the air and also results in less cabin noise. Further, the air entering the cabin is very low in humidity, which enhances passenger comfort. Several cooling system mechanizations are presented which include provisions for automatic frost removal.
64 Citations
80 Claims
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1. A method of maintaining, for a prescribed cabin heat flow rate, the temperature in the interior of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at approximately 75°
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, the method comprising the steps of;
reducing the temperature of a portion of the ambient air external to the aircraft to a first level of temperature which is at least 5°
F. below the freezing point of water, using electrically-powered vapor-compression cycle cooling apparatus located external to the airplane; andproviding to the aircraft external air inlet at a second level of temperature which is below the freezing point of water the air cooled by the cooling apparatus at a cooling air flow rate established by an electric motor driven blower whose power requirement is more than 10 percent of the power required by the cooling apparatus and which compresses the air cooled by the cooling apparatus to a pressuure of at least 13 inches of water, where the cooling air flow rate is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per mintue, is greater than 600. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, the method comprising the steps of;
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5. A cooling system for maintaining, for a prescribed cabin heat flow rate, the temperature in the interior of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at approximately 75°
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, comprising;
electrically-powered, vapor-compression cycle cooling means located external to the airplane for reducing the temperature of a portion of the ambient air external to the aircraft to a first level of temperature which is at least 5°
F. below the freezing point of water; and
transport means for providing to the aircraft external air inlet at a second level of temperature which is below the freezing point of water the air cooled by the cooling apparatus at a cooling air flow rate established by an electric motor driven blower whose power requirement is more than 10 percent of the power required by the cooling apparatus and which compresses the air cooled by the cooling apparatus to a pressure of at least 13 inches of water, where the cooling air flow rate is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pound per minute, is greater than 600.
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, comprising;
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6. In a method of maintaining, for a prescribed cabin heat flow rate, the temperature is the interior of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at approximately 75°
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, the method including the steps of;
reducing the temperature of a portion of the ambient air external to the aircraft to a first level of temperature using electrically-powered vapor-compression cycle cooling apparatus located external to the airplane; and providing to the aircraft external air inlet at a second level of temperature which is above the freezing point of water and is at least 5°
F. higher than the first level of temperature the air cooled by the cooling apparatus at a cooling air flow rate established by an electric motor driven blower which compresses the air cooled by the cooling apparatus where the cooling air flow rate is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per minute, is less than 450, and the power (P) required by the electric motor driven blower is more than 30 percent of the power required by the cooling apparatus, the improvement comprising;the steps of reducing the temperature of the portion of the ambient air sufficiently to lower the second level of temperature below the freezing point of water; and the step of providing the cooling air at an air flow rate such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per minute, is greater than 600, and where the power (P1) consumed by the electric motor driven blower in the improvement is less than one-half (P).
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, the method including the steps of;
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7. In cooling system for maintaining, for a prescribed cabin heat flow rate, the temperature in the interior of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at approximately 75°
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, the method including the system including;
electrically-powered vapor-compression cycle cooling means located external to the airplane for reducing the temperature of a portion of the ambient air external to the aircraft to a first level of temperature; and transport means for providing to the aircraft external air inlet at a second level of temperature which is above the freezing point of water and is at least 5°
F. higher than the first level of temperature the air cooled by the cooling apparatus at a cooling air flow rate establishhed by an electric motor driven blower which compresses the air cooled by the cooling means, where the cooling air flow rate is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per minute, is less than 450, and the power (P) required by the electric motor driven blower is more than 30 percent of the power required by the cooling apparatus, the improvement comprising;reducing the temperature of the portion of the ambient air sufficiently to lower the second level of temperature below the freezing point of water; and providing the cooling air at an air flow rate such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per minute, is greater than 600, and where the power (P1) consumed by the electric motor driven blower in the improvement is less than one-half (P).
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, the method including the system including;
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8. A cooling system for maintaining, for a prescribed cabin heat flow rate of about 100,000 BTUs per hour, the temperature in the interior of the passenger cabin of a parked narrow-body jet aircraft at approximately 75°
- F., where the aircraft gas an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, comprising;
electrically-powered, vapor-compression cycle cooling means located external to the airplane for reducing the temperature of a portion of the ambient air external to the aircraft to a first level of temperature which is at least 5°
F. below the freezing point of water; andtransport means for providing to the aircraft external air inlet at a second level of temperature which is below the freezing point of water the air cooled by the cooling apparatus at a cooling air flow rate established by an electric motor driven blower whose power whose requirement is more than 10 percent of the power required by the cooling apparatus and which compresses the air cooled by the cooling apparatus to a pressure of at least 13 inches of water, where the cooling air flow rate is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per minute, is greater than 600, and where the power required to operate the electric motor driven blower is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the blower power requirement, in kilowatts, is greater than 7500.
- F., where the aircraft gas an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, comprising;
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9. A cooling system for maintaining, for a prescribed cabin heat flow rate of about 300,000 BTUs per hour, the temperature in the interior of the passenger cabin of a parked wide-body jet aircraft at approximately 75°
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, comprising;
electrically-powered, vapor-compression cylce cooling means located external to the airplane for reducing the temperature of a portion of the ambient air external to the aircraft to a first level of temperature which is at least 5°
F. below the freezing point of water; andtransport means for providing to the aircraft external air inlet at a second level of temperature which is below the freezing point of water the air cooled by the cooling apparatus at a cooling air flow rate established by an electric motor driven blower whose power requirement is more than 10 percent of the power required by the cooling apparatus and which compresses the air cooled by the cooling apparatus to a pressure of at least 40 inches of water, where the cooling air flow rate is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the cooling air flow rate, in units of pounds per minute, is greater than 600, and where the power required to operate the electric motor driven blower is such that the ratio of the cabin heat flow rate, in units of BTUs per hour, to the blower power requirement, in kilowatts is greater than 400.
- F., where the aircraft has an external air inlet for the introduction of cooling air into ductwork communicating with the cabin, comprising;
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10. A method for maintaining the temperature and the humidity of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comforable to passengers while the aircraft is parked, said aircraft having an external air inlet for introducing cooling air into air ductway communicating with said passenger cabin, comprising the steps of:
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(a) reducing the temperature of air derived from outside said aircraft to a temperature which is near, but above the freezing point of water, thus condensing a substantial quantity of water from said air, using cooling means located external to said aircraft; (b) cooling the cooled air from step (a) further to a temperature which is below the freezing point of water, thus removing a substantial quantity of the remaining water in said air, using cooling means external to said aircraft; and (c) delivering the cooled air from step (b) through air transport means to said air inlet and through said air ductways to said passenger cabin for a time sufficient to reach and maintain said comfotable level and to remove heat from said air transport means and said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of delivered air. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method for maintaining the temperature and the humidity of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comfortable to passengers while the aircraft is parked, said aircraft having an external air inlet for introducing cooling air into air ductways communicating with said passenger cabin, comprising the steps of:
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(a) reducing the temperature of air derived from outside aircraft to a temperature which is near, but above the freezing point of water, thus condensing a substantial quantity of water from said air, using cooling means located external to said aircraft; (b) cooling the cooled air from step(a) further with a heat transfer fluid whose temperature is below the freezing point of water to remove a substantial additional quantity of water from said air, using cooling means external to said aircraft; and (c) delivering the cooled air from step (b) through air transport means to said air inlet and through said air ductways to said passenger cabin for a time sufficient to reach and maintain said comfortable level and to remove heat from said air transport means and said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of air delivered. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
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43. A system for maintaining the temperature of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comfortable to passengers while said aircraft is parked, said aircraft having external air inlet means and air ductways means communicating with said passenger cabin, said system comprising:
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(a) first fluid-to-air heat exchanger means and associted control means for cooling air derived from outside said aircraft to a temperature which is near, but above the freezing point of water, using chilled heat transfer fluid to absorb heat from the air; (b) means for removing water condensing from said in said first heat exchanger means; (c) second fluid-to-air heat exchanger means and associated control means for cooling further the same air using chilled heat transfer fluid at a temperature sufficiently low to form ice on the surface of said second heat exchanger means; (d) means for periodically interrupting the flow of chilled heat transfer fluid through said second heat exchanger to permit ice accumulations to melt; (e) means for removing water formed during said periodic interruptions of flow; and (f) means for delivering cool air through air delivery means, said air inlet, and said air ductway means to said passenger cabin in amounts sufficient to remove heat from said air transport means and said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of air and to reach and to maintain said comfortable level. - View Dependent Claims (44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49)
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50. A system for maintaining the temperature of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comfortable to passengers while said aircraft is parked, said aircraft having external air inlet means and air ductway means communicating with said passenger cabin, said system comprising:
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(a) first fluid-to-air heat exchanger means and associated control means for cooling air derived from outside said aircraft to a temperature which is near, but above the freezing point of water, using chilled heat transfer fluid to absorb heat from the air; (b) means for removing water condensing from said air in said first heat exchanger means; (c) second fluid-to-air heat exchanger means and associated control means for cooling further the same air throughput to a temperature which is below the freezing point of water, using chilled heat transfer fluid to remove heat from said air; (d) means for periodically interrupting the flow of chilled heat transfer fluid through said second heat exchanger to permit ice accumulations to melt; (e) means for removing water formed during said periodic interruptions of cooling fluid; and (f) means for delivering cool air through air delivery means, said air inlet, and said air ductway means to said passenger cabin in amounts sufficient to remove heat from said air transport means and said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of air and to reach and to maintain said comfortable level. - View Dependent Claims (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56)
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57. A method for maintaining the temperature and the humidity of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comfortable to passengers while the aircraft is parked, said aircrafting having an external air inlet for introducing cooling air into air ductways communicating with said passenger cabin, comprising the steps of:
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(a) cooling the temperature of air derived from outside said aircraft with heat transfer fluid having a temperature below the freezing point of water, using cooling means located external to said aircraft, thus removing a substantial quantity of water from said air; and (b) delivering, for a time sufficient to reach and maintain said comfortable level, the cooled air from step (a) through air transport means to said air inlet and through said air ductways to said passenger cabin to remove heat from said air transport means and said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of air delivered. - View Dependent Claims (58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)
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64. A method for maintaining the temperature and the humidity of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comfortable to passengers while the aircraft is parked, said aircraft having an external air inlet for introducing cooling air into air ductways communicating with said passenger cabin, comprising th step of:
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(a) cooling the temperature of air derived from outside said aircraft to a temperature which is below the freezing point of water, using cooling means located external to said aircraft, thus removing a substantial quantity of water from said air; and (b) delivering, for a time sufficient to reach and maintain said comfortable level, the cool air from step (a) through air transport means to said air inlet and through said air ductways to said passenger cabin to remove heat from said air transport means and said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of air delivered. - View Dependent Claims (65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70)
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71. A system for maintaining the temperature of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comfortable to passengers while said aircraft is parked, said aircraft having external air inlet means and air ductway means communicating with said passenger cabin, said system comprising:
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(a) fluid-to-air heat exchanger means and associated control means for cooling air from outside said aircraft with a heat transfer fluid having a temperature which is below the freezing point of water and for removing a substantial quantity of water from said air; and (b) means for delivering the cooled, dry air through air delivery means, said air inlet, and said air ductway means to said passenger cabin for a time sufficient to reach and maintain said comfortable level and to remove heat from said transport means in said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of delivered air. - View Dependent Claims (72, 73, 74, 75)
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76. A system for maintaining the temperature of the passenger cabin of a parked aircraft at a level comfortable to passengers while said aircraft is parked, said aircraft having external air inlet means and air ductway means communicating with said passenger cabin, said system comprising:
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(a) fluid-to-air heat exchanger means and associated control means for cooling air from outside said aircraft to a temperature which is below the freezing point of water and for removing a substantial quantity of water from said air; and (b) means for delivery the cooled, dry air through air delivery means, said air inlet, and said air ductway means to said passenger cabin for a time sufficient to reach and maintain said comfortable level and to remove heat from said transport means in said passenger cabin combined at a rate of more than 10 BTU per pound of delivered air. - View Dependent Claims (77, 78, 79, 80)
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Specification