Production and recovery of hydrogen and carbon monoxide

• US 4,836,833 A
• Filed: 02/17/1988
• Issued: 06/06/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 02/17/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Roden, Thomas M., Goff, Stephen P., Nicholas, David M., Bushinsky, Joseph P.
• Primary Examiner(s): SPITZER, ROBERT H
• Application Number:
  US07/157,434
• Time in Patent Office: 475 Days
• Field of Search: 55/16, 55/25, 55/26, 55/68, 55/158, 55/58, 55/62, 55/74, 55/75, 423/359
• US Class Current: 95/55
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/102 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/108 Zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/116 Molecular sieves other than zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/16 Hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/20 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/7025 Methane
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40001 Methods relating to additional, e.g. intermediate, treatment of process gas
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40015 with two sub-steps
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4003 with two sub-steps
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40032 with three sub-steps
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40052 Recycled product or process gas
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40064 Five
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40066 Six
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40067 Seven
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/403 using three beds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/404 using four beds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4062 using six beds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0476 Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/229 Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0405 : Purification by membrane separation
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/043 : Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0465 : Composition of the impurity
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/047 : the impurity being carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0475 : the impurity being carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/048 : the impurity being an organic compound
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/501 : by diffusion
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/56 : by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids C01B3/508 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/40 : Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/20 : of methane
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 : of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 : Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/156 : Methane [CH4]

Abstract

Separation and individual recovery of high purity hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a mixed gas stream containing these compounds in association with carbon dioxide and one or more minor components such as particularly methane, is achieved by pressure swing adsorption to remove contained carbon dioxide from the charged gas, and further treatment of the CO₂ -freed gas product by a sequence of steps utilizing (a) pressure swing adsorption and (b) selective permeation through a series of semi-permeable membranes, which steps (a) and (b) are carried out in either order of sequence.

Claims

1. The method for individual recovery of hydrogen and carbon monoxide each at high purity, from a contaminated gas mixture containing these in association with carbon dioxide and methane, which comprises:

passing the gas mixture at superatmospheric pressure through a bed of solid adsorbent selective in adsorptive retention of carbon dioxide while discharging from said bed the unadsorbed primary effluent;

purifying said primary effluent by treatments, in either order of sequence, comprising;

(a) pressure swing adsorption and (b) selective permeation through a system comprised of one or more semi-permeable membranes, thereby recovering hydrogen as a permeate stream separated from a non-permeate stream rich in carbon monoxide, said hydrogen stream having a purity of at least 99 mol% H₂ and said non-permeate stream comprising at least about 85 mol% CO.

2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said primary effluent is purified by being first subjected to pressure swing adsorption then to selective permeation.

3. The method as defined in claim 2 wherein said purification by pressure swing adsorption is carried out in an adsorbent bed comprised of molecular sieve.

4. The method as defined in claim 2 wherein the components of said primary effluent retained in an adsorbent bed during said purification by pressure swing adsorption are desorbed therefrom and the desorbed product stream is compressed to a pressure of at least about 6 atmospheres before passage of said product stream through said system of one or more semi-permeable membranes.

5. The method as defined in claim 4 wherein said system is composed of three semi-permeable membranes, and wherein the permeate from the first of said membranes is recycled to be combined with the gas mixture being passed through said bed of adsorbent selective in retention of carbon dioxide, and the permeates passing through the second and third membranes are returned to combine with said desorbed product stream being subjected to compression.

6. The method as defined in claim 5 wherein said contaminated gas mixture is one obtained by steam reforming of a methane-rich feed.

7. The method as defined in claim 5 wherein said contaminated gas mixture is one obtained by two-stage reforming of natural gas in a multistage operation comprising steam reforming followed by oxidative reforming in the presence of added free oxygen.

8. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said primary effluent is purified by being first subjected to selective permeation and the obtained permeate further subjected to pressure swing adsorption for removal of contained contaminants and recovery of high purity hydrogen.

9. The method as defined in claim 8 wherein the removal of contained contaminants from the permeate by pressure swing adsorption is carried out by selective adsorption of these contaminants in an adsorbent bed comprised of molecular sieve.

10. The method as defined in claim 8 wherein said primary effluent freed of carbon dioxide is compressed to a pressure of at least about 6 atmospheres before being subject to selective permeation through a system comprised of one or more semi-permeable membranes.

11. The method as defined in claim 10 wherein said system is comprised of three semi-permeable membranes and wherein the permeate from the first of said membranes is subjected to further purification by pressure swing adsorption wherein accompanying contaminants are selectively adsorbed and an unadsorbed substantially pure hydrogen product stream is discharged.

12. The method as defined in claim 11 wherein said contaminated gas mixture is one obtained by steam reforming of a methane-rich feed.

13. The method as defined in claim 12 wherein a portion of said discharged hydrogen product stream is recycled and combined with said methane-rich feed subjected to steam reforming.

14. The method as defined in claim 11 wherein the contaminants selectively adsorbed during said further purification by pressure swing adsorption are desorbed and the desorbed contaminants are recycled to combine with said contaminated gas mixture being passed through said adsorbent selective in retention of carbon dioxide.

15. The method as defined in claim 11 wherein the respective permeate from the second and third membranes are compressed to about the pressure level of the permeate leaving the first membrane and are combined therewith, the combined permeates being subjected to further purification by pressure swing adsorption and recovery of substantially pure hydrogen.

16. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said contaminated gas mixture is a product obtained by subjecting a methane-rich hydrocarbon stream to steam reforming followed by oxidative reforming of the obtained steam reformate in the presence of added oxygen.