Position, rotation, and intensity invariant recognizing method

• US 4,838,644 A
• Filed: 09/15/1987
• Issued: 06/13/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy (Government of the United States of America)
• Inventors: Schils, George F., Sweeney, Donald W., Ochoa, Ellen
• Primary Examiner(s): Arnold, Bruce Y.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Edmondson, David J.
• Application Number:
  US07/096,434
• Time in Patent Office: 637 Days
• Field of Search: 350/162.12, 350/162.13, 350/162.14, 350/162.15, 364/822, 382/31, 382/42, 382/43
• US Class Current: 359/9
• CPC Class Codes: G06E 3/003 forming integrals of products, e.g. Fourier integrals, Laplace integrals, correlation integrals; for analysis or synthesis of functions using orthogonal functions
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/88 Image or video recognition using optical means, e.g. reference filters, holographic masks, frequency domain filters or spatial domain filters
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 359/90 Methods

Abstract

A method for recognizing the presence of a particular target in a field of view which is target position, rotation, and intensity invariant includes the preparing of a target-specific invariant filter from a combination of all eigen-modes of a pattern of the particular target. Coherent radiation from the field of view is then imaged into an optical correlator in which the invariant filter is located. The invariant filter is rotated in the frequency plane of the optical correlator in order to produce a constant-amplitude rotational response in a correlation output plane when the particular target is present in the field of view. Any constant response is thus detected in the output

The U.S. Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract No. DE-AC04-76DP00789 between the U.S. Department of Energy and AT&T Technologies, Inc.

Claims

1. A method of recognizing the presence of a particular target in a field of view which is target position, rotation, and intensity invariant, comprising the steps of:

preparing a target-specific filter, which is invariant to geometric distortions in target pattern due to changes in position in the field of view, rotation and intensity, from a combination of all eigen-modes of a pattern of the particular target;

imaging coherent radiation from the field of view into an optical correlator;

rotating said filter in the frequency plane of an optical correlator in order to produce a constant-amplitude rotational response in a correlation output plane when the particular target is present in the field of view; and

detecting any constant amplitude response in the output plane to determine whether a particular target is present in the field of view, wherein said detecting step includes the steps of

imaging a temporal pattern in the output plane with an optical detector having a plurality of pixels, said imaging occuring at a plurality of different arbitrary angles of rotation of the filter with angular separation sufficient to decorrelate successive frames, and

determining a correlation coefficient for each pixel where a correlation coefficient of unity indicates the presence of a temporal signature of the particular target, wherein said step of determining a correlation coefficient includes the steps of accumulating the intensity and intensity-squared of each pixel such that the correlation coefficient is calculated from ##EQU7## where I_k =intensity value at each pixel k, and

N=number of summations.

2. A method for recognizing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preparing of the filter includes the step of encoding computer generated holograms using an electron beam to produce a frequency plane filter.

3. A method for recognizing as claimed in claim 2 wherein the preparing of the filter includes the step of clipping a maximum computed amplitude of the filter by about 0.7 of the maximum before the encoding step.

4. A method for recognizing as claimed in claim 1 wherein said rotating step includes the rotating of the filter about the center thereof.

5. A method for recognizing as claimed in claim 1 and further including the step of eliminating orbiting of the constant response caused by rotation of the filter.

6. A method for recognizing as claimed in claim 1, wherein said detecting step further includes collecting data from said imaging step as said filter is rotating.