Extinction type detector

• US 4,838,698 A
• Filed: 03/31/1987
• Issued: 06/13/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha
• Original Assignee: Hochiki Corporation
• Inventors: Ono, Takashi, Ishii, Hiromitsu
• Primary Examiner(s): Rosenberger, Richard A.
• Application Number:
  US07/033,065
• Time in Patent Office: 805 Days
• Field of Search: 356/433, 356/435, 356/437, 356/438, 356/439, 356/223, 340/630
• US Class Current: 356/437
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/46 using a capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2001/1636 one detector directly monitoring the source, e.g. also impulse time controlling
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1751 Constructive features therefore, e.g. using two measurement cells
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/534 by measuring transmission alone, i.e. determining opacity
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0621 Supply
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0696 Pulsed
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/103 using a light emitting and receiving device
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/113 Constructional details

Abstract

An extinct type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space.

The detector of this feature of the invention operates in such a way that the light emitting device is periodically driven to effect light emission, the first and the second photodetector devices receive the light from said light emitting device, the first and second storage means corresponding to the first and the second photodetector devices, respectively, cumulatively store the outputs from the respective photodetector devices, a difference in cumulative storage values between the first and the second storage means is detected to determine a concentration and density of the gas or vapor within the detecting space based on the detected difference.

Claims

1. An extinction type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space, which detector comprises:

a light emitting device;

drive means for periodically and repeatedly driving the light emitting device for emitting light in a sequence of ON/OFF cycles;

a first photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, a gas or vapor detecting space existing between said first photodetector device and said light emitting device;

a second photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, said light being received under the conditions that the gas or vapor does not intervene between said second photodetector device and said light emitting device;

first storage means for cumulatively storing photooutputs from said first photodetector device;

second storage means for cumulatively storing photo-outputs from said second photodetector device, said stored outputs being accumulated as storage values from a plurality of said ON/OFF cycles of said light emitting device, the storage value in each said storage means increasing for each cycle wherein the associated photodetector device receives light, and

means for limiting the number of said cycles in said sequence of ON/OFF cycles,

determining means which, after said sequence of ON/OFF cycles is complete, detects a difference between the cumulative storage values of the first and the second storage means and determines a concentration or density of said gas or vapor within the space on the basis of said detected difference in cumulative values, said storage values representing said cumulative stored plurality of photo-outputs.

2. An extinction type detector as claimed in claim 1, in which said storage means are capacitors having characteristics substantially the same as each other and said determining means includes a comparing means which compares the charged amounts between the capacitors to determine the difference.

3. An extinction type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space, which detector comprises:

a light emitting device;

drive means for periodically driving the light emitting device for emitting light in a sequence of ON/OFF cycles;

a first photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, a gas or vapor detecting space existing between said first photodetector device and said light emitting device;

a second photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, said light being received under the conditions that the gas or vapor does not intervene between said second photodetector device and said light emitting device;

first storage means for cumulatively storing photooutputs from said first photodetector device;

second storage means for cumulatively storing photo-outputs from said second photodetector device, said stored outputs being accumulated from a plurality of said ON/OFF cycles of said light emitting device; and

determining means which detects a difference between the cumulative storage values of the first and the second storage means and determines a concentration or density of said gas or vapor within the space on the basis of said detected difference in cumulative values, said storage values representing said cumulative stored plurality of photo-outputs;

said storage means being capacitors having characteristics substantially the same as each other and said determining means including a comparing means which compares the charged amounts between the capacitors to determine the difference.

said determining means further including charging means for charging at a controlled rate the first capacitor with a charge in proportion to the difference between the cumulative storage values detected by said comparing means, and counting means for indicating said charge input of said charging means, to determine the density or concentration of said gas or vapor on the basis of the indicated charge input.

4. An extinction type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space, which detector comprises:

a light emitting device;

drive means for periodically and repeatedly driving said light emitting device for effecting light emission in a sequence of ON/OFF cycles;

a first photodetecting device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, a gas or vapor detecting space existing between said first photodetector device and said light emitting device;

a second photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, said light being received under the conditions that the gas or vapor does not intervene between said second photodetector device and said light emitting device;

first storage means for cumulatively storing photooutputs outputs from said first photodetector device;

second storage means for cumulatively storing photo-outputs from said second photodetector device, said stored outputs being accumulated as storage values from a plurality of said ON/OFF cycles of said light emitting device, the storage value in each said storage means increasing for each said cycle wherein the associated photodetector device receives light,

suspending means for detecting the cumulative storage value of said second storage means and for suspending the driving of said light emitting device for light emission when said storage value reaches a predetermined value; and

determining means which determines the concentration or density of the gas or vapor within said detecting space based on a difference between the cumulative storage values of the first and the second storage means when said light emitting device stops its light emission.

5. An extinction type detector as claimed in claim 4, in which said storage means are capacitors having characteristics substantially the same as each other and said determining means includes a comparing means which after said cumulative storage is suspended compares the charged amounts between the capacitors to determine the difference.

6. An extinction type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space, which detector comprises:

a light emitting device;

drive means for periodically driving said light emitting device for effecting light emission in a sequence of ON/OFF cycles;

a first photodetecting device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, a gas or vapor detecting space existing between said first photodetector device and said light emitting device;

a second photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, said light being received under the conditions that the gas or vapor does not intervene between said second photodetector device and said light emitting device;

first storage means for cumulatively storing photooutputs from said first photodetector device;

second storage means for cumulatively storing photo-outputs from said second photodetector device, said stored outputs being accumulated from a plurality of said ON/OFF cycles of said light emitting device;

suspending means for detecting the cumulative storage value of said second storage means and for suspending the driving of said light emitting device for light emission when said storage value reaches a predetermined value; and

determining means which determines the concentration or density of the gas or vapor within said detecting space based on a difference between the cumulative storage values of the first and the second storage means when said light emitting device stops its light emission;

said storage means being capacitors having characteristics substantially the same as each other and said determining means including a comparing means which after said cumulative storage is suspended compares the charged amounts between the capacitors to determine the difference,

said determining means further including a charging means for charging at a controlled rate the first capacitor with a charge proportional to the difference between the cumulative storage values detected by said comparing means, and counting means for indicating said charge input of said charging means, to determine the density or concentration of said gas or vapor on the basis of the indicated charge input.

7. An extinction type detector as claimed in claim 6, said detector being adapted to operate from a DC power source, in which said suspending means includes comparing means, said comparing means comparing a selected voltage of said power source and the cumulative charged voltage of the second capacitor and outputting a signal for said suspending of the light emission driving of the light emitting device by the emission driving means when said charged voltage reaches said selected voltage of the power source.

8. An extinction type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space, which detector comprises:

a light emitting device;

drive means for periodically and repeatedly driving the light emitting device for emitting light in a sequence of ON/OFF cycles;

a first photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, a gas or vapor detecting space existing between said first photodetector device and said light emitting device;

a second and a third photodetector device which are each disposed at a position where they can receive light from said light emitting device, said light being received under the conditions that the gas or vapor does not intervene between said second and third photodetector devices and said light emitting device;

first storage means for cumulatively storing photooutputs from said first photodetector device;

second storage means for cumulatively storing photo-outputs from said second photodetector device, said stored outputs being accumualted as storage values from a pluraltiy of said ON/OFF cycles of said light emitting device, the storage value in each said storage means increasing for each said cycle wherein the associated photodetector device receives light;

light emission control means for controlling the amount of light emission of the light emitting device on the basis of a photo-output from said third photodetector device so that the photo-outputs from said second and said third photodetector device may substantially be constant;

means for limiting the number of said cycles in said sequence of ON/OFF cycles;

a determining means which, after said sequence of ON/OFF cycles is complete, determines the concentration or density of the gas or vapor within said detecting space based on a difference between the cumulative storage values of the first and second storage means, said storage values representing said cumulative stored plurality of photo-outputs.

9. An extinction type detector as claimed in claim 8, in which said storage means are capacitors having characteristics substantially the same as each other and said determining means includes a comparing means which compares the charged amounts between the capacitors to determine the difference.

10. An extinction type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space, which detector comprises:

a light emitting device;

drive means for periodically driving the light emitting device for emitting light in a sequence of ON/OFF cycles;

a first photodetector device which is disposed at a position where it can receive light from said light emitting device, a gas or vapor detecting space existing between said first photodetector device and said light emitting device;

a second and a third photodetector device which are each disposed at a position where they can receive light from said light emitting device, said light being received under the conditions that the gas or vapor does not intervene between said second and third photodetector devices and said light emitting device;

first storage means for cumulatively storing photooutputs from said first photodetector device;

second storage means for cumulatively storing photo-outputs from said second photodetector device, said stored outputs being accumualted from a plurality of said ON/OFF cycles of said light emitting device;

light emission control means for controlling the amount of light emission of the light emitting device on the basis of a photo-output from said third photodetector device so that the photo-outputs from said second and said third photodetector device may substantially be constant;

a determining means which determines the concentration or density of the gas or vapor within said detecting space based on a difference between the cumulative storage values of the first and second storage means, said storage values representing said cumulative stored plurality of photo-outputs;

said storage means being capacitors having characteristics substantially the same as each other and said determining means including a comparing means which compares the charged amounts between the capacitors to determine the difference,

said determining means further including a charging means for charging the first capacitor on the basis of the difference between the cumulative storage values detected by said comparing means and a counting means for counting the charging time of said charging means, to determine the density or concentration on the basis of the charging time.

11. An extinction type detector as claimed in claim 10, in which the light emission control means is a differential amplifier having inputs of a driving voltage for said light emitting device by the driving means and photo-output voltage of the third photodetector device, and said amplifier outputs a signal for driving said light emitting device in inverse proportion to a difference between the photo-output and driving voltages.