Remote confinement system

• US 4,843,377 A
• Filed: 04/21/1987
• Issued: 06/27/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 04/21/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: B.I. Incorporated (Geo Group Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Guardian Technologies LLC (Lasko Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Collier, Donald W., Fuller, Kip L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, III, Glen R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MULLEN, THOMAS J
• Application Number:
  US07/041,698
• Time in Patent Office: 798 Days
• Field of Search: 340/573, 340/576, 340/539, 340/825.49, 180/272, 379/38, 379/40, 381/42, 382/3-4, 358/105, 358/108, 128/719, 128/632, 128/637, 40/21 C
• US Class Current: 340/573.4
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/27 with central registration
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/22 responsive to presence or absence of persons
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 11/00 Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems

Abstract

A remote confinement or home arrest system and method which provides for determining from a central office the presence of a prisoner at an assigned remote location such as the prisoner'"'"'s home and for determining the compliance by the prisoner with behavioral restrictions associated with the confinement such as the abstinence from alcohol or other drugs. The system includes a tester such as a breath alcohol tester or other body fluid tester for determining the effect of substance abuse by the prisoner and for simultaneously verifying the identity of the prisoner and the fact that the test information originated from the identified prisoner. Pictorial, voice print and other means for identifying the prisoner are contemplated.

Claims

1. A method for determining from a central office the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a substance abuse restriction, said method comprising the steps of:

performing on a person at the remote location an unsupervised test for the effects of use of the restricted substance;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of a result of said test;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

transmitting the generated signals from the remote location to the central office.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling body fluid of the person being tested and producing a test result, and wherein the test result produced is responsive to the presence of a body fluid component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of the restricted substance.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the exhaled breath from said person.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the saliva from said person.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the urine from said person.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the blood from said person.

7. The method of claim 2 wherein a result of said test performing step is responsive to the alcohol content of said fluid.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a deep lung sample of the exhaled breath of said person.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the saliva of said person.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said test performing step includes the step of reacting said sample of saliva with a reagent.

11. The method of claim 2 wherein said test performing step includes the step of reacting a sample of said body fluid with a reagent.

12. The method of claim 2 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling body fluid of the person being tested and the information of the identity of the person tested is information derived from the body fluid sample.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the information carried by said signals includes pictorial image information of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of the tested person.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling body fluid of the person being tested and producing a test result from said sample, and wherein the test result produced is responsive to the presence of a body fluid component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of the restricted substance.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said test result is responsive to the alcohol content of said fluid.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a deep lung sample of the exhaled breath of said person.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the saliva of said person.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein said test performing step includes the step of reacting said sample of saliva with a reagent.

19. The method of claim 14 wherein said test performing step includes the step of reacting a sample of said body fluid with a reagent.

20. The method of claim 14 wherein said signal generating steps include generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of the sampling of body fluid and of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of the person whose body fluid is being sampled.

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location a visually perceivable result of said test, and wherein the information carried by said signal includes the pictorial image information of the visually perceivable test result.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said body fluid sample includes a deep lung sample of the exhaled breath of said person and wherein said test result is responsive to the alcohol content of said fluid.

23. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of the testing of said person and of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of said person.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of:

deriving from a signal from said remote location and displaying at said central office a pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of said specified prisoner; and

comparing said images to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location and verifying that the specified prisoner is the person upon whom said test was performed.

25. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of:

deriving from a signal from said remote location and displaying at said central office a pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of said specified prisoner; and

comparing said images to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the unique visually identifiable characteristic and the retrieved image are images of the face of said person.

27. The method of claim 13 wherein the unique visually identifiable characteristic is an image of the face of said person.

28. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of producing a visually perceivable result of said test, and wherein the information carried by said signals includes the pictorial image information of the visually perceivable test result.

29. The method of claim 13 wherein said pictorial image information is stored at said remote location and is transmitted to said central office in response to a signal from said central office.

30. The method of claim 13 wherein the steps of said method are initiated by a signal from said central office.

31. The method of claim 30 further comprising the initial step of establishing by a signal from said central office a communications link between said central office and said remote location.

32. The method of claim 30 further comprising the step of selectively establishing by a signal from said central office a communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

33. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of selectively establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein said signal generating steps are performed with the camera of a picture phone connected to a telephone line at said selected remote location, and said method further comprises the steps of deriving from a signal from said remote location and displaying said image information in pictorial form on the screen of a picture phone connected to a telephone line at said central office.

35. The method of claim 34 further comprising the steps of:

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of the face of said specified prisoner; and

comparing said pictorial image with pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person to determine the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

36. The method of claim 13 for determining the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the sobriety of the prisoner while confined, wherein:

said test performing step includes the steps of taking a deep lung sample of exhaled breath of said person and producing a test result from said sample;

the test result produced is responsive to the presence of alcohol in the breath sample;

the unique visually identifiable characteristic is an image of the face of said person;

said signal generating steps are performed with the camera of a picture phone connected to a telephone line at said selected remote location; and

wherein the method further comprises the steps of;

initially establishing from said central office a selective telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location;

producing an instrument readout displaying said test result;

generating a signal carrying pictorial image information of the readout and of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of the person providing the breath sample;

deriving from the signal received from said remote location and displaying in pictorial form on the screen of a picture phone connected to a telephone line at said central office a pictorial image face of the tested person and the image of said readout;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of the face of said specified prisoner;

comparing at the central office the image of the face of the tested person with the image of the face of the prisoner to determine a said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location and verifying that the specified prisoner is the person upon whom said breath test was performed; and

interpreting the image of the readout of the test to ascertain the sobriety of the specified prisoner.

37. The method of claim 1 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling body fluid of the person being tested and wherein said signal generating steps include the step of generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of the sampling of body fluid and of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of the person whose body fluid is being sampled.

38. The method of claim 37 wherein said body fluid includes a sample of the exhaled breath of said person.

39. The method of claim 37 wherein said body fluid includes a sample of the saliva from said person.

40. The method of claim 37 wherein said body fluid includes a sample of the urine from said person.

41. The method of claim 37 wherein said body fluid includes a sample of the blood from said person.

42. The method of claim 1 wherein the information of the identity of the person to be tested is information of a unique identifiable characteristic intrinsic to the body of the test person.

43. The method of claim 42 wherein the unique identifiable characteristic is derived from a sample of the voice of the tested person.

44. The method of claim 43 further comprising the step of obtaining the voice sample of the tested person is the form of a sound delivered from the mouth of said person into a tube.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein said testing step includes the steps of sampling through said tube the saliva of the person being tested and producing the test result, and wherein the test result produced is responsive to the presence of a saliva component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of said restricted substance.

46. The method of claim 45 further comprising the step of verifying that the taking of the voice and saliva samples occurs without the removal of the mouth of the person being tested from communication with the tube between the taking of the two samples.

47. The method of claim 44 further comprising the step of sampling said sound with a microphone contained within said tube.

48. The method of claim 44 wherein said testing step includes the steps of sampling through said tube the breath of the person being tested and producing the test result, and wherein the test result produced is responsive to the presence of a breath component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of said restricted substance.

49. The method of claim 48 including the step of verifying that the taking of the voice and breath samples occurs without the removal of the mouth of the person being tested from communication with the tube between the taking of the two samples.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein the steps of taking the voice and breath samples are performed simultaneously.

51. The method of claim 43 wherein the test performing step includes the step of sampling the air in the vicinity of said person for the presence of alcohol.

52. The method of claim 43 including the steps of performing a voice print analysis of the voice sample of the tested person and comparing the results of the analysis with a known voice print of the specified prisoner.

53. The method of claim 52 wherein the comparison includes the use of information processing devices at the remote location.

54. The method of claim 52 further comprising the step of transmitting said voice sample to the central office and performing said voice print analysis and said comparison with information processing equipment located at said central office.

55. The method of claim 52 wherein the steps of said method are initiated by a signal from said central office.

56. The method of claim 55 further comprising the initial step of establishing by a signal from said central office a communications link between said central office and said remote location.

57. The method of claim 55 further comprising the step of selectively establishing by a signal from said central office a communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

58. The method of claim 55 further comprising the step of selectively establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

59. The method of claim 58 wherein said signal generating steps are performed with instruments electrically connected to a telephone line at said selected remote location.

60. The method of claim 59 further comprising the steps of:

obtaining the voice sample of the tested person in the form of a sound delivered from the mouth of said person into a tube;

sampling said sound with a microphone operably disposed in a sound sensing relation with said tube;

and wherein;

said testing step includes the steps of sampling though said tube the breath of the person being tested and producing the test result; and

the test result produced is responsive to the presence of a breath component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of said restricted substance.

61. The method of claim 60 including the step of verifying that the taking of the voice and breath samples occurs without the removal of the mouth of the person being tested from communication with the tube between the taking of the two samples.

62. The method of claim 58 further comprising the step of generating an output signal through equipment electrically connected to a telephone line at said central office in response to the test result information received over said phone line at said central office.

63. The method of claim 55 wherein:

said testing step includes the steps of sampling the breath of the person being tested and thereby producing the test result;

said test result produced is responsive to the presence of a breath component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of said restricted substance; and

the method further comprises the step of generating an output signal through equipment electrically at said central office in response to the test result information received over said phone line at said central office.

64. The method of claim 52 wherein the method further comprises the step of generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the test result information received over said phone line at said central office.

65. The method of claim 42 further comprising the steps interpreting the signals received at said central office, verifying the identity of the tested person as a result of said interpretation, and generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test result information received at said central office.

66. The method of claim 42 wherein the unique identifiable characteristic is a fingerprint of the tested person.

67. The method of claim 66 further comprising the step of using a fingerprint reading device to read a fingerprint of the person being tested, and wherein said testing step includes the steps of sampling through said device the blood of the person being tested thereby producing the test result, and wherein a test result is produced responsive to the presence of a blood component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of the restricted substance.

68. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps interpreting the signals received at said central office and as a result, verifying whether the tested person is the specified prisoner and determining whether the specified prisoner is in compliance with a substance abuse restriction, and in response to said verification and determination, generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test result information received at said central office.

69. The method of claim 1 further comprising the initial step of attaching to the specified prisoner a device for generating signal carrying the information of the identity of the tested person.

70. The method of claim 69 further comprising the step of generating at said remote location a signal carrying information for verifying that the signal carrying the information of the identity of the tested person is generated by the device attached to the tested person.

71. The method of claim 69 further comprising the step of detecting the lack of proximity of said device to said remote location and initiating the steps set forth in claim 1 in response to said detection.

72. The method of claim 1 wherein the information of the identity of the tested person is information which includes human intelligence acquired by the specified prisoner and the step of generating said information includes the performance of an identity confirming act by the tested person.

73. The method of claim 72 wherein the acquired human intelligence is modulated breathing sequence and the performance of the identity confirming act includes the step of uttering a modulated breathing sequence sample into a tube at the remote location.

74. The method of claim 73 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling through said tube the breath of the person being tested and producing a test result, and wherein the test result produced is responsive to the presence of a breath component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of the restricted substance.

75. A method for determining from a central office the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a behavioral condition associated with said confinement, said method comprising the steps of:

performing at the remote location an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of the behavioral condition;

obtaining at said remote location information from the performance of said test performing step and generating at the remote location a signal carrying said obtained information;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of the identity of a person present at said remote location, said identifying information including pictorial image information of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of said person at said remote location; and

transmitting the generated signals from the remote location to the central office.

76. The method of claim 75 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location from said unsupervised test a test result containing information of the presence or absence of effects of a violation of the behavioral condition, and including in said transmitted signals information from said test result.

77. The method of claim 75 wherein the information obtained from said test includes information of whether or not said test performing step has been performed, and said method further comprises the step of verifying from said obtained information whether or not said test performing step has been performed from said obtained information.

78. The method of claim 75 further comprising the steps of:

deriving from a signal from said remote location and displaying at said central office a pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of said specified prisoner; and

comparing said image to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

79. The method of claim 75 wherein the unique visually identifiable characteristic is an image of the face of said person.

80. The method of claim 75 further comprising the step of producing a visually perceivable result of said test, and wherein the information carried by said signals includes the pictorial image information of the visually perceivable test result.

81. The method of claim 75 wherein said pictorial image information is stored at said remote location and is transmitted to said central office in response to a signal from said central office.

82. The method of claim 75 wherein at least one of the steps of said method are performed in response to a signal initiated from said central office.

83. The method of claim 75 further comprising the step of selectively establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

84. The method of claim 75 wherein the behavioral condition is one which, if violated by the prisoner, would produce an effect upon the person of the prisoner, and wherein said test is performed on a person at the remote location for the effects which such violation would cause upon the person of the prisoner.

85. The method of claim 84 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling body fluid of said person and producing a test result from said sample.

86. The method of claim 85 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a deep lung sample of the exhaled breath of said person.

87. The method of claim 85 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the saliva of said person.

88. The method of claim 85 wherein said test performing step includes the step of reacting said sample of body fluid with a reagent.

89. The method of claim 85 wherein said signal generating steps include generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of at least a portion of said step of sampling of body fluid.

90. The method of claim 85 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location a visually perceivable result of said test, and wherein the information carried by said signal includes the pictorial image information of the visually perceivable test result.

91. The method of claim 75 further comprising the step of generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of the performance of said test performing step.

92. The method of claim 75 wherein said signal generating steps are performed with the camera of a picture phone connected to a telephone line at said selected remote location, and said method further comprises the steps of deriving said pictorial image information at said central office from a signal from said remote location, and then displaying said pictorial image information in pictorial form on a screen of a picture phone connected to a telephone line at said central office.

93. The method of claim 92 further comprising the steps of:

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of a unique identifiable characteristic of the specified prisoner; and

comparing said pictorial image of the specified with the pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person to determine the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

94. A method for determining from a central office the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a behavioral condition associated with said confinement, said method comprising the steps of:

performing at the remote location an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of the behavioral condition;

obtaining at said remote location information from the performance of said test performing step and generating at the remote location a signal carrying said obtained information of said test;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of the identity of a person present at said remote location, said identifying information including information from said person relating to a unique identifiable characteristic intrinsic to the body of said person; and

transmitting the generated signals from the remote location to the central office.

95. The method of claim 94 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location from said unsupervised test a test result containing information of the presence or absence of effects of a violation of the behavioral condition, and including in said transmitted signals information from said test result.

96. The method of claim 94 wherein the information obtained from said test includes information of whether or not said test performing step has been performed, and said method further comprises the step of verifying from said obtained information whether or not said test performing step has been performed.

97. The method of claim 94 wherein the information obtained from said test includes data from said test, and said method further comprises the step of deriving at said central office a test result from said obtained information.

98. The method of claim 94 including the steps of obtaining a voice sample of a person at said remote location and comparing the sample with data related to the voice of the specified prisoner.

99. The method of claim 98 wherein said data is stored at the remote location and the comparison includes the use of information processing devices at the remote location.

100. The method of claim 98 further comprising the step of transmitting said voice sample to the central office and performing said voice print analysis and said comparison with information processing equipment located at said central office.

101. The method of claim 94 further comprising the step of selectively establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

102. The method of claim 94 further comprising the steps of interpreting the signals received at said central office, verifying the identity of the tested person as a result of said interpretation, and generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test information received at said central office.

103. The method of claim 94 wherein the unique identifiable characteristic is a fingerprint of the tested person.

104. The method of claim 94 wherein the information carried by said signal is a pictorial image information.

105. The method of claim 104 further comprising the steps of:

deriving from a signal from said remote location and displaying at said central office a pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of a unique identifiable characteristic of said specified prisoner; and

comparing said images to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

106. The method of claim 94 wherein at least one of the steps of said method are initiated by a signal from said central office.

107. The method of claim 94 further comprising the step of selectively establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

108. The method of claim 107 wherein said signal generating steps are performed with instruments electrically connected to a telephone line at said selected remote location.

109. The method of claim 94 further comprising the steps of:

obtaining a voice sample of said person in the form of a sound delivered from the mouth of said person into a tube;

sampling said sound with a microphone operably disposed in a sound sensing relation with said tube;

and wherein said testing step includes the steps of sampling through said tube the breath of said person and producing the test result.

110. The method of claim 109 including the step of verifying that the voice and breath sampling occurs without the removal of the mouth of the person being tested from communication with the tube between the times of the taking of the two samples.

111. The method of claim 94 further comprising the steps of interpreting the signals received at said central office, verifying the identity of the tested person as a result of said interpretation, and generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test verification information received at said central office.

112. The method of claim 94 wherein the behavioral condition is one which, if violated by the prisoner, would produce an effect upon the person of the prisoner, and wherein said test is performed on a person at the remote location for the effects which such violation would cause upon the person of the prisoner.

113. The method of claim 112 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling body fluid of said person and producing a test result, and wherein the test result produced is responsive to the presence of a body fluid component.

114. The method of claim 113 wherein said unique identifiable characteristic is derived from said body fluid.

115. The method of claim 113 wherein said fluid is the blood of said person.

116. The method of claim 112 wherein said unique identifiable characteristic is derived from information obtained from said test.

117. A method for determining from a central office the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a behavioral condition associated with said confinement, wherein the prisoner has acquired certain intelligence or skill to learn the performance, in fewer than a predetermined number of attempts, of an identity confirming act requiring a sufficient amount of intelligence or degree of skill so as to be incapable of performance in fewer than the predetermined number of attempts by those not possessing such intelligence or skill, said method comprising the steps of:

performing at the remote location an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of the behavioral condition;

obtaining at said remote location information from the performance of said test performing step, and generating at the remote location a signal carrying said obtained information of said test;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of the identity of a person at said central office which information includes the human intelligence or skill of the type required by the specified prisoner, and the performance by said person of an identity confirming act of a type learned by the specified prisoner; and

transmitting the generated signals from the remote location to the central office.

118. The method of claim 117 wherein the acquired human intelligence is modulated breathing sequence and the performance of the identity confirming act includes the step of delivering a modulated breathing sequence sample into a tube at the remote location.

119. The method of claim 118 wherein said test performance step includes the step of sampling through said tube the breath of the person being tested and producing a test result.

120. The method of claim 117 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location from said unsupervised test a test result containing information of the presence of effects of a violation of the behavioral condition, and wherein said transmitted signal include a signal carrying said information from said test result.

121. The method of claim 117 further comprising the step of verifying from said obtained information whether said test performing step has been performed, and wherein the signal carrying information of said test carries information of the verification of the performance of said test performing step.

122. A method for determining from a central office the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a behavioral condition associated with said confinement, said method comprising the steps of:

performing on the person of a person present at the remote location an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of the behavioral condition;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of said test;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person;

selectively establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location; and

transmitting the generated signals from the remote location to the central office over said link.

123. The method of claim 122 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location from said unsupervised test a test result containing information of the presence of effects of a violation of the behavioral condition, and wherein said transmitted signals include a signal carrying said information from said test result.

124. The method of claim 122 further comprising the step of verifying from said test information whether said test performing step has been performed, and wherein the signal carrying information of said test carries information of the verification of the performance of said test performing step.

125. The method of claim 122 further comprising the steps interpreting the signals received at said central office and as a result, verifying whether said person is the specified prisoner and determining whether the specified prisoner is in compliance with the behavioral condition, and in response to said verification and determination, generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test information received at said central office.

126. The method of claim 122 further comprising the initial step of attaching to the specified prisoner a device for generating a signal carrying the information of the identity of the prisoner.

127. The method of claim 126 further comprising the step of generating at said remote location a signal carrying information for verifying that the signal carrying the information of the identity of said prisoner is generated by the device attached to said person.

128. The method of claim 122 wherein the prisoner has acquired certain intelligence or skill to learn the performance, in fewer than a predetermined number of attempts, of an identity confirming act requiring a sufficient amount of intelligence or degree of skill so as to be incapable of performance in fewer than the predetermined number of attempts by those not possessing such intelligence or skill, and wherein the information of the identity of said person is information which includes the human intelligence or skill of the type acquired by the specified prisoner and the performance by the tested person of an identity confirming act of the type learned by the specified prisoner.

129. The method of claim 122 further comprising the steps of:

deriving from the signals received from said remote location with equipment connected to a telephone line at said central office the information of the identity of the tested person;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office information of the identity of said specified prisoner; and

comparing at the central office the derived information with the retrieved information to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

130. The method of claim 122 comprising the steps of:

deriving from the signals with equipment connected to a telephone line at said central office information from said test; and

interpreting said test information derived at said central office to ascertain the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with said behavioral condition.

131. A method for determining from a central office the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a behavioral condition associated with said confinement, said condition being of the type which, if violated by the prisoner, will produce an effect on the person of the prisoner which persists subsequent to the violation, said method comprising the steps of:

performing on a person at the remote location an unsupervised test for the effects which a violation of the behavioral condition would produce upon the person of the prisoner;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of said test;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of the identity of the person upon whom the test was performed; and

transmitting the generated signals from the remote location to the central office.

132. The method of claim 131 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling body fluid of the person being tested and producing a test result.

133. The method of claim 132 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the saliva from said person.

134. The method of claim 133 wherein said test performing step includes the step of reacting said sample of saliva with a reagent.

135. The method of claim 132 wherein said test performing step includes the step of reacting a sample of said body fluid with a reagent.

136. The method of claim 132 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the urine from said person.

137. The method of claim 132 wherein said body fluid sampled includes a sample of the blood from said person.

138. The method of claim 132 wherein a result of said test performing step is responsive to the alcohol content of said fluid.

139. The method of claim 132 wherein said test signal generating steps include generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of the sampling of body fluid.

140. The method of claim 139 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location a visually perceivable result of said test, and wherein the information carried by said signal includes the pictorial image information of the visually perceivable test result.

141. The method of claim 131 further comprising the step of generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of the testing of said person.

142. The method of claim 131 further comprising the steps of:

deriving from a signal from said remote location at said central office said information of the identity of said person;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office information of the identity of said specified prisoner; and

comparing said derived and retrieved information to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location and verifying that the specified prisoner is the person upon whom said test was performed.

143. The method of claim 142 further comprising the step of producing a visually perceivable result of said comparison at said central office.

144. The method of claim 131 wherein at least one of said signals is stored at said remote location and is transmitted to said central office in response to a signal from said central office.

145. The method of claim 131 wherein the steps of said method are initiated by a signal from said central office.

146. The method of claim 131 further comprising the initial step of establishing by a signal from said central office a communications link between said central office and said remote location.

147. The method of claim 131 wherein said test performing step includes the step of sampling a body fluid of the person being tested and the information of the identity of the person tested is information derived from the body fluid sample.

148. The method of claim 131 wherein the test performing step includes the step of performing an unsupervised sampling of air in the vicinity of said person.

149. The method of claim 131 wherein the method further comprises the step of generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the test result information received at said central office from said remote location.

150. The method of claim 131 further comprising the steps interpreting the signals received at said central office and as a result, verifying whether the tested person is the specified prisoner and determining whether the specified prisoner is in compliance with said behavioral condition, and in response to said verification and determination, generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test result information received at said central office.

151. The method of claim 131 further comprising the initial step of attaching to the specified prisoner a device for generating signal carrying the information of the identity of the tested person.

152. The method of claim 131 further comprising the step of producing at said remote location from said unsupervised test a test result containing information of the presence or absence of effects of a violation of the behavioral condition, and including in said transmitted signals information from said test result.

153. The method of claim 131 wherein the signal carrying the information obtained from said test includes information of whether or not said test performing step has been performed, and said method further comprises the step of verifying from said obtained information whether or not said test performing step has been performed.

154. A method for determining from a central office the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a behavioral condition unrelated to the presence of the prisoner at the remote location, said method comprising the steps of:

deriving at said remote location information relating to the presence of the prisoner at the remote location;

performing at the remote location an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation, by a person at the remote location, of a behavioral condition unrelated to the presence of the prisoner at the remote location;

generating at the remote location a signal carrying information of said test;

generating at the remote location from said derived information a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

transmitting the generated signals from the remote location to the central office.

155. The method of claim 154 further comprising the step of producing at said location from said unsupervised test a test result containing information of the presence or absence of effects of a violation of the behavioral condition, and including in said transmitted signals information from said test result.

156. The method of claim 154 wherein the signal carrying the information obtained from said test includes information of whether or not said test performing step has been performed, and said method further comprises the step of verifying from said obtained information whether or not said test performing step has been performed.

157. The method of claim 154 further comprising the step of generating at said remote location a pictorial image of said test.

158. The method of claim 154 further comprising the steps of:

deriving from a signal from said remote location at said central office said information of the identity of said person;

retrieving from a storage medium at said central office information of the identity of said specified prisoner; and

comparing said derived and retrieved information to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location and verifying that the specified prisoner is the person upon whom said test was performed.

159. The method of claim 154 further comprising the step of producing a visually perceivable result of said comparison at said central office.

160. The method of claim 154 wherein at least one of said signals is stored at said remote location and is transmitted to said central office in response to a signal from said central office.

161. The method of claim 154 wherein the steps of said method are initiated by a signal from said central office.

162. The method of claim 154 further comprising the initial step of establishing by a signal from said central office a communications link between said central office and said remote location.

163. The method of claim 154 wherein the test performing step includes the step of performing an unsupervised sampling of air in the vicinity of said person.

164. The method of claim 154 wherein the method further comprises the step of generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the test information received at said central office from said remote location.

165. The method of claim 154 further comprising the steps interpreting the signals received at said central office and as a result, verifying whether the tested person is the specified prisoner and determining whether the specified prisoner is in compliance with said behavioral condition, and in response to said verification and determination, generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test information received at said central office.

166. The method of claim 154 further comprising the initial step of attaching to the specified prisoner a device for generating a signal carrying the information of the identity of the tested person.

167. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test which includes the sampling of a body fluid of a person at the remote location for the effects of a violation of a substance abuse restriction by said person at the location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office.

168. A remote confinement system as in claim 167 wherein:

said test performing means includes means for producing a test result from a body fluid sample, the test result produced being responsive to the presence of a body fluid component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of a restricted substance.

169. The system of claim 168 further comprises means for generating at the remote location a signal carrying pictorial image information of at least a portion of said step of sampling body fluid and of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of the person whose body fluid is being sampled.

170. The system of claim 169 wherein the means for producing a visually perceivable test result includes a test instrument having a readout for displaying the result of the test, and wherein said signal generating means includes means for generating pictorial image information of a test result from said readout.

171. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of a behavioral condition by a person at the location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person in the form of a pictorial image information of a unique visually identifiable characteristic of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office.

172. The system of claim 171 further comprising:

means at said central office for deriving from the signal received from said remote location and displaying at said central office a pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person;

means at said central office for retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of a unique identifiable characteristic of said specified prisoner; and

means at said central office for comparing said images to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

173. The system of claim 171 wherein the unique visually identifiable characteristics and the retrieved image are images of the face of the person.

174. The system of claim 171 further comprising means for selectively establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location.

175. The system of claim 174 wherein said signal generating means includes the camera of a picture phone and is connected to a telephone line at said selected remote location, and said system further comprises means for deriving from the signal received from said remote location and means for displaying said image information in pictorial form on the screen of a picture phone connected to a telephone line at said central office.

176. The system of claim 175 further comprising:

means at said central office for retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of the face of said specified prisoner; and

means at said central office for comparing said pictorial image with a pictorial image of the unique identifiable characteristic of said person to determine the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

177. The system of claim 171 for determining the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location where the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement, and for ascertaining the sobriety of the prisoner while confined, wherein:

said test performing means at said remote location includes the means for taking a sample of exhaled breath of said person and producing the test result from said sample;

the test result produced is responsive to the presence of alcohol in the breath sample;

the unique visually identifiable characteristic is an image of the face of said person;

said signal generating means includes a pictorial telecommunications device connectable to a telephone line at said selected remote location; and

wherein the system further comprises;

means at said central office for initially establishing from said central office a selective telephone communications link between said central office and a selected remote location;

means at said remote location for producing an visual display of said test result;

said signal means includes means for generating a signal carrying pictorial image information of the readout and of a visually identifiable characteristic or the person providing the breath sample;

means at said central office for deriving from the signal received from said remote location and displaying in pictorial form on a pictorial telecommunications device connected to a telephone line at said central office an image of the unique identifiable characteristic of the tested person and the image of said display;

means at said central office for retrieving from a storage medium at said central office a pictorial image of the face of said specified prisoner; and

means at said central office for comparing at the central office the image of the unique identifiable characteristic of the tested person with the image of the unique identifiable characteristic of the prisoner to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location and verifying that the specified prisoner is the person upon whom said breath test was performed.

178. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of a behavioral condition by a person at the location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office;

the information of the identity of the person to be tested being information of a unique identifiable characteristic intrinsic to the body of the tested person.

179. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a confinement location remote from said central office at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of a behavioral condition by a person at the location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office;

said signal generating means including means for deriving information related to a unique identifiable characteristic from a sample of the voice of the tested person.

180. The system of claim 179 further comprising means for performing an automatic voice analysis of the voice sample of the tested person and comparing the results of the analysis with known voice data of the specified prisoner.

181. The system of claim 179 further comprising means at said remote location for storing a voice characteristic of the specified prisoner, means at said remote location for comparing the characteristic derived from the tested person with the known voice characteristic of the specified prisoner.

183. The system of claim 180 wherein said breath tester includes a mouthpiece into which the tested person is to deliver a breath sample, said system further comprising means at said remote location for taking a voice sample of the tested person at the mouthpiece, and means for verifying that the taking of the voice and breath samples are delivered by the same person to the mouthpiece.

182. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation by a person at the location of a behavioral condition relating to the use of a restricted substance,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office,

said testing means including a breath tester for producing a test result responsive to the presence of a breath component introduced by the tested person'"'"'s use of said restricted substance.

184. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of behavioral condition by a person at the location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person from information which includes human intelligence or skill acquired by the specified prisoner, means for sensing the performance by the tested person of an identity confirming act of a type learned by the prisoner, wherein the prisoner has acquired certain intelligence or skill to learn the performance, in fewer than a predetermined number of attempts, of an identity confirming act requiring a sufficient amount of intelligence or degree of skill so as to be incapable of performance in fewer than the predetermined number of attempts by those not possessing such intelligence or skill; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote locations to said central office.

185. The system of claim 184 wherein the identity signal generating means includes means for receiving information from a modulated breathing sequence delivered by a person at said remote location, and said sensing means includes means for deriving identity confirming information from said modulated breathing sequence.

186. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of a behavioral condition by a person at the location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person,

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office, and wherein

the behavioral condition for which said test is performed is a substance abuse restriction, said signal generating means including means for generating a signal carrying information of the result of said test.

187. The system of claim 186 further comprising means at said central office for receiving signals transmitted from said remote location,

means at said central office for verifying whether the tested person is the specified prisoner and for determining whether the specified prisoner is in compliance with a substance abuse restriction, and means responsive to said verification and determination means for generating an output signal at said central office in response to the verification and to the test result.

188. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation of behavioral condition by a person at the location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office;

said test performing means including means for sampling the air in the vicinity of the tested person to detect the presence of alcohol.

189. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means for establishing a telephone communications link between said central office and said remote location,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test on a person at the remote location for the effects on said person of a violation of a behavioral condition by said person,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location through said communications link to said central office.

190. The system of claim 189 further comprising means for interpreting the signals received at said central office, means for verifying the identity of the tested person as a result of said interpretation, and means for generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test verification information received at said central office.

191. The system of claim 189 wherein said remote confinement location is one of a plurality of confinement locations which include said remote confinement location, and wherein:

said communications link establishing means includes means at said central office for selectively establishing said link with a selected one of said plurality confinement locations.

192. The system of claim 191 wherein said communications link establishing means comprises:

electronic storage means for storing a plurality of telephone numbers corresponding to respective plural remote locations including the remote location at which said specified prisoner is confined, and

means for dialing a telephone number of the selected remote location from a number stored in said storage means.

193. The system of claim 192 wherein said dialing means is an automatic telephone dialer connected to said storage means and to a telephone link at said central office.

194. The system of claim 192 wherein said communications link establishing means further comprises a programmed machine for selecting said telephone number from said stored plurality according to predetermined criteria.

195. The system of claim 194 wherein said system comprises:

a data storage medium at said central office for storing identifying information for a plurality of prisoners including said specified prisoner, and wherein;

said programmed machine is programmed to retrieve the stored identifying information of the specified prisoner along with the selection of said telephone number.

196. The system of claim 191 further comprising:

means at said selected remote location for initiating the operation of said test performing means and said signal generating means in response to the establishment of said link.

197. The system of claim 189 further comprising:

means at said central office for initiating the operation of said test performing and signal generating means.

198. The system of claim 189 wherein said test performing means includes means for sampling body fluid of the person being tested.

199. The system of claim 189 wherein said signal generating means includes a camera and the information carried by said signals is pictorial image information.

200. The system of claim 189 further comprising:

means at said central office for deriving from the signal received over said telephone link from said remote location said information of the identity of said person;

means at said central office for retrieving from a storage medium at said central office information of the identity of said specified prisoner; and

means at said central office for comparing said identity information to determine at said central office the presence of the specified prisoner at the remote location.

201. The system of claim 189 wherein said test performing means includes means for producing a test result indicating the presence or absence of said effects, and wherein said information of said test includes said test result.

202. The system of claim 189 wherein said information of said test result includes data from said test.

203. The system of claim 189 wherein said information of said test includes information of whether or not said test performing step has been performed.

204. A remote confinement system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test on a person at said remote location for those effects on said person which a violation of a behavioral condition would produce on the person of the prisoner which would persist subsequent to the violation,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote locations to said central office.

205. The system of claim 204 further comprising means for interpreting the signals received at said central office, means for verifying the identity of the tested person as a result of said interpretation, and means for generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test verification information received at said central office.

206. The system of claim 204 wherein said test performing means includes means for producing a test result indicating the presence or absence of said effects, and wherein said information of said test includes said test result.

207. The system of claim 204 wherein said information of said test includes data from said test.

208. The system of claim 204 wherein said information of said test includes information of whether or not said test performing step has been performed.

209. The system of claim 204 wherein said testing means includes means for sampling body fluid of the person being tested.

210. The system of claim 209 wherein said testing means includes means for testing said body fluid for an effect caused by said violation.

211. The system of claim 204 wherein said test performing means includes means for sampling air in the vicinity of said person at the remote location for the effects of said violation on the body of said person.

212. A remote confinement system for determining the presence of a specified prisoner at a remote location at which the prisoner is in unsupervised confinement and for ascertaining the prisoner'"'"'s compliance with a behavioral condition unrelated to the prisoner'"'"'s presence at the remote location, said system comprising:

a central office,

a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement,

means at said remote location for deriving information relating to the presence of the specified prisoner at said remote location,

means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test for the effects of a violation by a person at the location of a behavioral condition unrelated to the presence of the presence of the prisoner at said remote location,

means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test,

means at said remote location for generating from said derived information a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person; and

means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office.

213. The system of claim 212 wherein said test performing means includes means for producing a test result indicating the presence or absence of said effects, and wherein said information of said test includes said test result.

214. The system of claim 212 wherein said information of said test includes data from said test.

215. The system of claim 212 wherein said information of said test includes information of whether or not said test performing step has been performed.

216. The system of claim 212 further comprising means for interpreting the signals received at said central office, means for verifying the identity of the tested person as a result of said interpretation, and means for generating an output signal through equipment at said central office in response to the verification and to the test verification information received at said central office.