System for low temperature refrigeration and chill storage using ammoniated complex compounds
First Claim
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1. In a heat exchange system containing a complex compound consisting of a metal salt and ammonia for being alternately heated and cooled to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, at least a portion of said ammonia, the improvement comprising said metal salt being selected from the group consisting of(a) an alkaline earth metal chloride, bromide or chlorate salt,(b) a metal chloride, bromide or chloride salt in which the metal is chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, tantalum or rhenium,(c) a double chloride salt selected from NH4 AlCl4, NaAlCl4, KAlCl4, (NH4)2 ZnCl4, (NH4)3 ZnCl5, K2 ZnCl4, CsCuCl3, and K2 FeCl5, and(d) sodium bromide or ammonium chloride.
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Abstract
An improved heat exchange system incorporates the cooling created by using a metal salt/ammonia ligand complex compound which is alternately heated and cooled to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, the ammonia creating useful cooling or refrigeration in the temperature range of between -65°C. to 15° C.
39 Citations
11 Claims
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1. In a heat exchange system containing a complex compound consisting of a metal salt and ammonia for being alternately heated and cooled to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, at least a portion of said ammonia, the improvement comprising said metal salt being selected from the group consisting of
(a) an alkaline earth metal chloride, bromide or chlorate salt, (b) a metal chloride, bromide or chloride salt in which the metal is chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, tantalum or rhenium, (c) a double chloride salt selected from NH4 AlCl4, NaAlCl4, KAlCl4, (NH4)2 ZnCl4, (NH4)3 ZnCl5, K2 ZnCl4, CsCuCl3, and K2 FeCl5, and (d) sodium bromide or ammonium chloride.
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6. A method for storage and recovery of thermal energy or refrigeration at temperatures between about -65 and 15°
- C. comprising alternately heating and cooling a complex compound consisting essentially of a metal salt and ammonia causing refrigerating desorption and ligand evaporation at temperatures between the following temperature limits, respectively to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively at least a portion of the ammonia moiety thereof between the following numerical limits, said complex compound selected from the group consisting of;
BeCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 4 and said temperature range is between -10 and -65°
C.,MgCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60°
C.,MgBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65°
C.,Mg(ClO4)2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65°
C.,CaCl2 ·
X(NH.sub.), wherein X is between 2 and 4 and said temperature range is between 0 and -30°
C.,CaCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 4 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -20°
C.,CaBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40°
C.,Ca(ClO4)2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -45°
C.,SrCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 1 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -30°
C.,SrBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 8 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40°
C.,Sr(ClO4)2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40°
C.,BaBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 4 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -30°
C.,BaCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -25°
C.,MnCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40°
C.,MnBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -50°
C.,FeCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -45°
C.,FeBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -50°
C.,CoCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60°
C.,CoBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60°
C.,NiCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65°
C.,NiBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65°
C.,Ni(ClO3)2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40°
C.,CrCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 3 and between 3 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60°
C.,CdBr2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40°
C.,TaCl5 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 7 and said temperature range is between 10 and -30°
C.,ReCl3 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 5 and -40°
C.,ReBr3 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 7 and said temperature range is between 5 and -40°
C.,SnCl2 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 2.5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60°
C.,NH4 AlCl4 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65°
C.,NaAlCl4 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65°
C.,KAlCl4 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65°
C.,(NH4)2 ZnCl4 ·
X(NH3) , wherein X is between 0 and 4 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60°
C.,(NH4)3 ZnCl5 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -45°
C.,K2 ZnCl4 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40°
C.,K2 ZnCl4 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 5 and 12 and said temperature range is between 0 and -35°
C.,CsCuCl3 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -55°
C.,K2 FeCl5 ·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 2 and 5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -55°
C.,NH4 Cl·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 3 and said temperature range is between 15 and -20°
C., andNaBr·
X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 5.25 and said temperature range is between 15 and -15°
C.
- C. comprising alternately heating and cooling a complex compound consisting essentially of a metal salt and ammonia causing refrigerating desorption and ligand evaporation at temperatures between the following temperature limits, respectively to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively at least a portion of the ammonia moiety thereof between the following numerical limits, said complex compound selected from the group consisting of;
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7. A method for storage and recovery of thermal energy or refrigeration at temperatures between about -65°
- C. and about 15°
C. comprising alternately heating and cooling a complex compound consisting of a metal salt and ammonia to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, at least a portion of said ammonia, and wherein said metal salt is selected from the group consisting of(a) an alkaline earth metal chloride, bromide or chlorate salt, (b) a metal chloride, bromide or chlorate salt in which the metal is chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, tantalum or rhenium, (c) a double chloride salt selected from N H4 A l C l 4, NaAlCl4, KAlCl4, (NH4)2 ZNCl4, (NH4)3 ZnCl5, K2 ZnCl4, CsCuCl3, and K2 FeCl5, and (d) sodium bromide or ammonium chloride. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11)
- C. and about 15°
Specification
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Current AssigneeRocky Research (Honeywell International Inc.)
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Original AssigneeUwe Rockenfeller
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InventorsRockenfeller, Uwe
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Primary Examiner(s)Capossela, Ronald C.
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Application NumberUS07/162,016Time in Patent Office505 DaysField of Search62/4, 62/480, 62/112, 252/71US Class Current62/4CPC Class CodesC09K 5/16 Materials undergoing chemic...F24V 30/00 Apparatus or devices using ...F25B 15/002 using the endothermic solut...
