Temperature adaptable textile fibers and method of preparing same

• US 4,851,291 A
• Filed: 05/29/1987
• Issued: 07/25/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United States Department Of Health And Human Services (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: United States Department Of Agriculture
• Inventors: Frost, Cynthia M., Bruno, Joseph S., Danna, Gary F., Vigo, Tyrone L.
• Primary Examiner(s): KENDELL, LORRAINE
• Application Number:
  US07/055,476
• Time in Patent Office: 788 Days
• Field of Search: 428/407, 428/396, 428/375, 428/378, 428/392, 428/393, 428/394, 428/395, 428/913, 428/402, 428/364, 428/376, 428/398, 428/361, 428/389, 8/115.51, 8/115.6
• US Class Current: 428/393
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 5/063 Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
• CPC Class Codes: D06M 15/53 Polyethers polyacetals D06M15/39
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/913 Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2907 with coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2933 Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2935 Discontinuous or tubular or cellular core
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2958 Metal or metal compound in coating
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2964 Artificial fiber or filament
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2965 Cellulosic
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2967 Synthetic resin or polymer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2969 Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2971 Impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2975 Tubular or cellular

Abstract

Temperature adaptable textile fibers are provided in which phase-change or plastic crystalline materials are filled within hollow fibers or impregnated upon non-hollow fibers. The fibers are produced by applying solutions or melts of the phase-change or plastic crystalline materials to the fibers. Cross-linked polyethylene glycol is especially effective as the phase change material, and, in addition to providing temperature adaptability, it imparts improved properties as to soil release, durable press, resistance to static charge, abrasion resistance, pilling resistance and water absorbency.

Claims

1. Temperature-adaptable non hollow textile fibers which store heat when the temperature rises and release heat when the temperature decreases, said fibers impregnated with a phase-change or plastic crystalline material which is chemically and physically compatible with said fibers, said material being present in an amount effective to cause said fibers to store heat when the temperature rises and release heat when the temperature decreases.

2. The fibers of claim 1 wherein said fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, wool, polyamides, polyester, and polypropylene.

3. The fibers of claim 1 wherein said phase-change material is selected from the group consisting of congruent inorganic salt hydrates and cross-linked polyethylene glycols, and wherein said plastic crystalline material is a polyhydric alcohol.

4. The fibers of claim 2 wherein said phase-change material is selected from the group consisting of congruent inorganic salt hydrates and cross-linked polyethylene glycols, and wherein said plastic crystalline material is a polyhydric alcohol.

5. The fibers of claim 3 wherein said phase-change material is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride hexahydrate in admixture with strontium chloride hexahydrate, lithium nitrate trihydrate, and zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and wherein said plastic crystalline material is selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and amino alcohols.

6. The fibers of claims 3 or 4 wherein said phase-change material is cross-linked polyethylene glycol, wherein the degree of cross-linking is sufficient to make said material water insoluble and to maintain the ability of said material to change phases upon heating and cooling, and further wherein said impregnated fibers have improved properties as to soil release, durable press, resistance to static charge, abrasion resistance, pilling resistance, and water absorbency.

7. The fibers of claim 4 wherein said phase-change material is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride hexahydrate in admixture with strontium chloride hexahydrate, lithium nitrate trihydrate, and zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and wherein said plastic crystalline material is selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and amino alcohols.

8. The fibers of claim 4 wherein said material is a polyhydric alcohol.

9. The fibers of claim 4 wherein said material is selected from the group consisting of congruent inorganic salt hydrates, and cross-linked polyethylene glycols.

10. The fibers of claim 6 wherein said material is present in an amount of about 0.25-0.50 grams per gram of fiber.

11. Non-hollow textile fibers impregnated with at least 0.15 grams of cross-linked polyethylene glycol per gram of fiber, wherein the degree of cross-linking makes said polyethylene glycol water insoluble, said cross-linked polyethylene glycol being present in an amount effective to cause said fibers to store heat when the temperature rises and release heat when the temperature decreases.

12. The fibers of claim 11 wherein said polyethylene glycol is present in an amount of at least 0.25 grams per gram of fiber, and where the degree of cross-linking is sufficient to permit said polyethylene glycol to change phases upon heating and cooling.

13. The fibers of claim 11 wherein said fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, wool, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, poly acrylic, glass and blends thereof.

14. The fibers of claim 12 wherein said fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, wool, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, poly acrylic, glass and blends thereof.

15. The fibers of claim 11 wherein said impregnated fibers have improved properties as to soil release, durable press, resistance to static charge, abrasion resistance, pilling resistance and water absorbency.

16. The fibers of claim 12 wherein said impregnated fibers have improved properties as to soil release, durable presss, resistance to static charge, abrasion resistance, pilling resistance and water absorbency.

17. The fibers of claim 11 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of greater than 1500.

18. The fibers of claim 12 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of greater than 1500.

19. The fibers of claim 16 wherein said fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, wool, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, poly acrylic, glass, and blends thereof.

20. Non-hollow cellulosic fibers impregnated with at least 0.15 grams of cross-linked polyethylene glycol per gram of fiber, wherein the degree of cross-linking makes the polyethylene glycol water insoluble, said cross-linked polyethylene glycol being present in an amount effective to cause said fibers to store heat when the temperature rises and release heat when the temperature decreases.

21. The fibers of claim 20 wherein said polyethylene glycol is present in an amount of at least 0.25 grams per gram of fiber, and wherein the degree of cross-linking permits the polyethylene glycol to change phases upon heating and cooling.

22. The fibers of claim 20 wherein said fibers are paper or wood pulp fibers.

23. The fibers of claim 21 wherein said fibers are paper or wood pulp fibers.

24. The fibers of claim 20 where said impregnated fibers have improved properties as to soil release, durable press, resistance to static charge, abrasion resistance, pilling resistance and water absorbency.

25. The fibers of claim 21 wherein said impregnated fibers have improved properties as to soil release, durable press, resistance to static charge, abrasion resistance, pilling resistance and water absorbency.

26. The fibers of claim 20 wherein the molecular weight of said polyethylene glycol is greater than 1500.

27. The fibers of claim 21 wherein the molecular weight of said polyethylene glycol is greater than 1500.