Composite service and distribution communications media

• US 4,852,965 A
• Filed: 02/27/1987
• Issued: 08/01/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T, Inc.), Fitel USA Corporation (Furukawa Electric Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Reed, William C., Mullin, Francis J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gonzalez, Frank
• Assistant Examiner(s): PALMER, PHAN T H
• Application Number:
  US07/019,719
• Time in Patent Office: 886 Days
• Field of Search: 350/96.23
• US Class Current: 385/101
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4416 Heterogeneous cables
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4422 of the overhead type
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4426 specially adapted for reducing drag caused by the wire, e.g. by oval cross-section
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4429 Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4432 with fibre reinforcements
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/44382 the means comprising hydrogen absorbing materials G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/44384 the means comprising water blocking or hydrophobic materials G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence

Abstract

A cable (20) which may be used in an aerial or buried installation to serve customers'"'"' premises and which is a composite optical fiber-copper conductor type serves present customer needs but has the capability to fulfill the service requirements predicted in the communications market of tomorrow. The cable includes one or more reinforced optical fiber units (22--22) and one or more metallic conductor pairs enclosed in a sheath system. Each optical fiber unit is reinforced to include a plurality of strength members (40--40) arrayed about a buffered optical fiber (36) to enclose the optical fiber and to provide columnar strength to resist compressive forces. A filling compound (52) is disposed within the unit between a jacket (50) which encloses the strength members and the buffered optical fiber.

Claims

1. A composite optical fiber, metallic conductor cable, which comprises:

a core which comprises;

at least one reinforced optical fiber unit, which comprises;

at least one optical fiber;

a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to provide an innermost enclosure for and which are decoupled from said at least one optical fiber without the intervention of any solid member between said at least one optical fiber and said strength members, said strength members providing tensile strength and columnar strength which resists compression; and

a jacket which is made of plastic material and which encloses said strength members; and

at least one metallic conductor; and

a sheath system which enclosures said at least one optical fiber unit and said at least one metallic conductor and which includes an outer plastic jacket.

2. The cable of claim 1, wherein said core includes at least one twisted pair of insulated metallic conductors.

3. The cable of claim 1, wherein said at least one optical fiber is provided with a coating of plastic material and with a buffer layer of a plastic material.

4. The cable of claim 1, which also includes a waterblocking material which is disposed within said jacket to fill intertices between said jacket and said strength members and between the strength members and said optical fiber.

5. The cable of claim 4, wherein said waterblocking material is a composition of matter which comprises about 91.4 to 94% by weight of an oil selected from the group consisting of:

(a) paraffinic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(b) naphthenic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(c) polybutene oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.83 and a pour point less than 18°

C.; and

(d) any mixture thereof.

6. The cable of claim 4, wherein said waterblocking material is a composition of matter which comprises:

(a) about 92.8 to 93% by weight of an oil selected from the group consisting of;

i. paraffinic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point of less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A, or 104B;

ii. naphthenic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

iii. polybutene oil having a miminum specific gravity of about 0.83 and a pour point of less than 18°

C.;

iv. triglyceride-based vegetable oil;

v. polypropylene oil;

vi. chlorinated paraffin oil having a chlorine content between about 30 and 75% by weight and a viscosity at 25°

C. of between 100 and 10,000 cps;

vii. polymerized esters, and

viii. any mixture thereof; and

(b) about 0.1% by weight of an antioxidant stabilizer.

7. The cable of claim 5, wherein said composition also includes about 6.9 to 7.1% by weight of hydrophobic fumed silica colloidal particles.

8. The cable of claim 5, which also includes not more than about 8% by weight of a bleed inhibitor selected from the group consisting of styrene-rubber-styrene block copolymers having a styrene/rubber ratio between about 0.1 and about 0.8, semiliquid rubber having a Flory molecular weight between 20,000 and 70,000, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene dimer rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber having a Mooney viscosity at 100°

C. between about 20 and 90, and depolymerized rubber having a viscosity at 38°

C. between about 40,000 and 400,000 cps.

9. The cable of claim 1, wherein said cable includes two non-metallic strength members each of which comprises a plurality of filaments that are gathered together and each of which is impregnated with a plastic material that causes it to be coupled to said outer jacket, each of said strength members being disposed between said reinforced optical fiber unit and an outer surface of said outer jacket such that the strength members and a longitudinal axis of the cable which is interposed therebetween are aligned.

10. The cable of claim 9, wherein the longitudinal axis passes through a geometric center of each cross section of said outer jacket which is tranverse to the longitudinal axis with each strength member passing through each cross section along an axis which spans the cross section and which extends through the geometric center thereof, and wherein the cross section is generally rectangular being defined by a width and a height with the axis which spans the outer jacket cross section extending along said width, the height of end portions of the cross section being greater than the height of a center portion which connects the end portions.

11. The cable of claim 10, wherein each of the strength members is disposed within one of the end portions and said reinforced optical fiber unit is disposed adjacent to the geometric center of the cross-section.

12. The cable of claim 11, wherein the width is greater than the height of the cross section of the outer jacket.

13. The cable of claim 11, wherein each of said strength members is impregnated with a matrial which is compatible with the material of which the outer jacket is comprised.

14. The cable of claim 1, wherein said sheath system includes an outer jacket which includes a portion in which a metallic strength member which is used to support said cable in an aerial installation is embedded.

15. The cable of claim 1, wherein said sheath system includes a metallic shield.

16. The cable of claim 1, wherein said reinforced optical fiber unit has an outer diameter which does not exceed about 0.140 inch.

17. The cable of claim 1, wherein said core include a plurality of said reinforced optical fiber units.

18. The cable of claim 1, which also includes a waterblocking material which is disposed within said core between said reinforced optical fiber unit and said sheath system.

19. A composite optical fiber, metallic conductor cable, which comprises:

a core which comprises;

at least one reinforced optical fiber unit, which comprises;

at least one optical fiber;

a strength member system comprising a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to enclose said at least one optical fiber and being decoupled therefrom to provide tensile strength and to provide columnar strength which resists compression, wherein said strength member system includes three impregnated fiber glass strength members each having a cross section which includes two generally parallel sides which are joined at their ends by arcuate portions, each strength member being adjacent to said optical fiber to form a triangular array and wherein jacket touches generally the spices of the triangular array; and

a jacket which is made to plastic material and which encloses said strength members; and

at least one metallic conductor; and

a sheath system which encloses said at least one optical fiber unit and said at least one metallic conductor and which includes an outer plastic jacket.

20. A composite optical fiber, metallic conductor cable, which comprises:

a core which comprises;

at least one reinforced optical fiber unit, which comprises;

at least one optical fiber;

a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to enclose said at least one optical fiber and being decoupled therefrom to provide tensile strength and to provide columnar strength which resists compression;

a jacket which is made of plastic material and which encloses said strength members; and

a waterblocking material which is disposed within said jacket to fill interstices between said jacket and said strength members and between the strength members and said optical fiber, wherein said waterblocking material is a composition of matter which comprises about 91.4 to 95% by weight of an oil selected from the group consisting of;

(a) paraffinic oil having a mimimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(b) naphthenic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(c) polybutene oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.83 and a pour point less than 18°

C.; and

(d) any mixture thereof, and wherein said composition of matter also includes about 6 to 8.5% by weight colloidal particles selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, precipitated silica and clay, the colloidal particles having a BET surface area in the range from about 50 to about 400 m² ;

at least one metallic conductor; and

a sheath system which encloses said at least one optical fiber unit and said at least one metallic conductor and which includes an outer plastic jacket encloses the strength members.

21. An optical fiber cable, which comprises:

a core which comprises at least one reinforced optical fiber unit, said at least one reinforced optical fiber unit comprising;

at least one optical fiber;

a strength member system including a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to enclose said optical fiber without the intervention of any other solid member between said optical fiber and said strength member system while being decoupled therefrom to provide tensile strength and to provide columnar strength which resists compression; and

a jacket which is made of plastic material and which encloses said strength members; and

a sheath system which encloses said at least one reinforced optical fiber unit and which includes an outer plastic jacket.

22. A reinforced optical fiber unit, which comprises:

at least one optical fiber;

a strength member system including a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to enclose said optical fiber without the intervention of another solid member between said optical fiber and said strength member system while being decoupled therefrom to provide tensile strength and to provide columnar strength which resists compression; and

a jacket which is made of plastic material and which encloses the strength members.

23. The optical fiber unit of claim 22, which also includes a waterblocking material which is disposed within said jacket to fill intertices between said jacket and said strength members and between the strength members and the optical fiber.

24. The optical fiber unit of claim 23, wherein said waterblocking material is a composition of matter which comprises about 91.4 to 94% by weight of an oil selected from the group consisting of:

(a) paraffinic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(b) naphthenic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than "4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(c) polybutene oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.83 and a pour point less than 18°

C.; and

(d) any mixture thereof.

25. A reinforced optical fiber unit, which comprises:

at least one optical fiber;

a strength member system including a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to enclose said optical fiber while being decoupled therefrom to provide tensile strength and to provide columnar strength which resists compression, wherein said strength member system include three inpregnated fiber glass strength members each having a cross section which includes two generally parallel sides which are jointed at their ends by arcurate portions, each strength member being positioned with respect to said optical fiber to form a triangular array; and

a jacket which is made of plastic material and encloses the strength member.

26. A reinforced optical fiber unit, which comprises:

at least one optical fiber;

a strength member system including a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to enclose said optical fiber while being decoupled therefrom to provide tensile strength and to provide columnar strength which resists compression;

a jacket which is made of plastic material and which encloses the strength members; and

a waterblocking material which is disposed within said jacket to fill interstices between said jacket and said strength members and between the strength members and the optical fiber;

wherein said waterblocking material is a composition of matter which comprises about 91.4 to 94% by weight of an oil selected from the group consisting of;

(a) paraffinic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(b) naphthenic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than and being of ASTM type 103, 104A or 104B;

(c) polybutene oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.83 and a pour point less than

(d) any mixture thereof, and wherein said composition also includes about 6.9 to 7.1% by weight of hydrophobic fumed silica colloidal particles.

27. A reinforced optical fiber unit, which comprises:

at least one optical fiber;

a strength member system including a plurality of discrete impregnated fibrous strength members which cooperate to enclose said optical fiber while being decoupled therefrom to provide tensile strength an to provide columnar strength which resists compression;

a jacket which is made of plastic material and which encloses the strength members; and

a waterblocking material which is disposed within said jacket to fill interstices between said jacket and said strength members and between the strength members and the optical fibers, wherein said waterblocking material is a composition of matter which comprises;

(a) about 92.8 to 93% by weight of an oil selected from the group consisting of;

i. paraffinic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A, or 104B;

ii. naphthenic oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.86 and a pour point less than -4°

C. and being of ASTM type 103, 104A, or 104B;

iii. polybutene oil having a minimum specific gravity of about 0.83 and a pour point of less than 18°

C.;

iv. triglyceride-based vegetable oil;

v. polypropylene oil;

vi. chlorinated paraffin oil having a chlorine content between about 30 and 75% by weight and a viscosity of 25°

C. of between 100 and 10,000 cps;

vii. polymerized esters, and

viii. any mixture thereof; and

(b) about 0.1% by weight of an antioxidant stabilizer.

28. The optical fiber unit of claim 27, wherein said composition of matter also includes about 6 to 8.5% by weight colloidal particles selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, precipitated silica, and clay, the colloidal particles having a BET surface area in the range from about 50 to about 400 m² /g.