Fluorescent colored encapsulated liquid crystal apparatus using enhanced scattering
First Claim
1. A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising liquid crystal material, surface means for distorting the natural structure of said liquid crystal material in the absence of a prescribed input to cause scattering of light, said liquid crystal being responsive to a prescribed input to reduce the amount of such scattering, and fluorescent means for fluorescing during such scattering of light.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The present invention relates to use of liquid crystal material encapsulated in a containment medium to produce a controlled colored output, for example, in response to the application, removal and variation in an electric field. In one embodiment a non-pleochroic dye is in the containment medium itself and in another embodiment the non-pleochroic dye is in the liquid crystal material itself; and in both cases the dye preferably is fluorescent or a combination of fluorescent and non-fluorescent, and the object is to color light and/or to whiten or to brighten the light emitted out from a display embodying the invention. Incident light impinging on the encapsulated liquid crystal material, which is mounted on, in, or with respect to a support medium, is isotropically scattered in the absence of an electric field, and using the principle of total internal reflection (or optical interference or both) a relatively large part of the isotropically scattered light in the support medium is reflected back to illuminate the scattering liquid crystal material, which isotropically scatters such light again, thus increasing the optical path through the dyed material and, therefore, the coloring, whitening and/or brightening of the light traveling such increased path. Light scattered back to the viewing direction out of the support medium causes the liquid crystal material to appear relatively bright and colored as compared to the background where there is no liquid crystal material or where the liquid crystal material is in parallel alignment in field-on condition, i.e. aligned with respect to an electric field, and, thus, substantially transmissive.
88 Citations
99 Claims
- 1. A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising liquid crystal material, surface means for distorting the natural structure of said liquid crystal material in the absence of a prescribed input to cause scattering of light, said liquid crystal being responsive to a prescribed input to reduce the amount of such scattering, and fluorescent means for fluorescing during such scattering of light.
- 25. A liquid crystal display comprising liquid crystal means for selectively isotropically scattering light or transmitting light, substantially transparent support medium means for supporting said liquid crystal means, and dye colorant in said support medium means for coloring light isotropically scattered in said support medium means, said dye comprising fluorescent material.
- 32. Liquid crystal apparatus comprising liquid crystal means for selectively primarily scattering or transmitting light in response to a prescribed input, a support medium means for holding therein such liquid crystal means, said support medium means having a characteristic of total internal reflection, and dye means in at least one of said liquid crystal means and said support medium means for coloring ligh transmitted therein, said support medium means comprising a containment medium means for forming with said liquid crystal means encapsulated liquid crystal and a support means for supporting said encapsulated liquid crystal, said support means having a viewing surface and an opposite side, the index of refraction of said support means being greater than the index of refraction of at least one of the media respectively at such viewing and opposite sides forming an interface therewith to effect total internal reflection of light in said support means incident on such interface at an angle exceeding a predetermined cone of light angle at which light would be transmitted through such interface, said dye comprising fluorescent dye material.
- 37. A method of making a liquid crystal apparatus comprising placing an encapsulated liquid crystal material in or on a support medium, and placing a fluorescent dye in at least one of such encapsulated liquid crystal material and support medium.
- 46. The combination of operationally nematic liquid crystal material contained in a generally spherical capsule of encapsulating medium, said encapsulating medium having a wall, the ordinary index of refraction of said liquid crystal material being approximately the same as the index of refraction of the encapsulating medium, and non-pleochroic fluorescent dye in at least one of said liquid crystal material and encapsulating medium.
- 49. An optical apparatus for providing a color output comprising an operationally nematic liquid crystal, containment medium means for containing said liquid crystal, support medium means for supporting said containment medium means and liquid crystal, and non-pleochroic dye, said liquid crystal means having positive dielectric anisotropy and having an ordinary index of refraction substantially matched to that of said containment medium means to maximize optical transmission in the presence of an electric field and to effect scattering in the absence of an electric field, said dye comprising fluorescent material.
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72. A display device formed of a liquid crystal apparatus for providing a color output comprising an operationally nematic liquid crystal in a support medium and a non-pleochroic dye, said liquid crystal comprising at least one layer of liquid crystal material in a containment medium that tends to distort at least some of the liquid crystal to align generally with respect to a wall of such containment medium when in the absence of an electric field, and said liquid crystal being responsive to an electric field to tend to align with respect thereto, said dye comprising fluorescent material.
- 73. An optical display for displaying a color output, comprising liquid crystal, a non-pleochroic dye, and a containment medium means for containing said liquid crystal in volumes, said dye being contained in said containment medium means, said liquid crystal and containment medium means comprising at least one layer of liquid crystal material in a containment medium that tends to distort the natural structure of at least some of the liquid crystal material relative to a wall of such containment medium when in the absence of an electric field, said dye comprising a fluorescent material.
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75. A liquid crystal display comprising liquid crystal means for selectively generally isotropically scattering light or transmitting light, substantially transparent support medium means for supporting said liquid crystal means, and dye colorant in said support medium means for coloring light isotropically scattered in said support medium means, said support medium means comprising a containment medium means for containing quantities of liquid crystal means in capsule-like environments as encapsulated liquid crystal and support means for supporting said encapsulated liquid crystal, said dye comprising a fluorescent material.
- 76. An optical device for producing a colored optical output, including a containment medium comprising a non-pleochroic dye means for coloring light and a polymer base, said containment medium having a total internal reflection angle and being operative to effect total internal reflection of light impinging on a surface thereof at an angle exceeding such total internal reflection angle, and liquid crystal material in said containment medium, said liquid crystal material being cooperative with said containment medium in the absence of electric field to scatter a substantial amount of light at an angle greater than the total internal reflection angle for said medium substantially independently of wavelength, said dye comprising fluorescent material.
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85. A method of making a liquid crystal apparatus comprising placing an encapsulated liquid crystal material in or on a support medium, and placing a dye in at least one of such encapsulated liquid crystal material and support medium, wherein such support medium has a substantial internal reflection characteristic, providing a further medium at an interface with such support medium, and selecting the index of refraction of such support medium to be greater than the index of refraction of such further medium, whereby total internal reflection of light will occur in such support medium with respect to light impinging on such interface at an angle less than a predetermined angle with respect to normal and applying a light absorbing material beyond such further medium for absorbing light transmitted through such further medium.
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86. A method of displaying a colored character or other information on a background using liquid crystal in a containment medium supported with respect to a support medium, such liquid crystal being operationally nematic and having positive dielectric anisotropy, comprising isotropically scattering light incident on such liquid crystal material, totally internally reflecting such isotropically scattered light in such support medium back to such liquid crystal material, whereby said scattering and reflecting substantially increase the path length of light in such support medium, and coloring light transmitted along such substantially increased path length in such support medium by dye contained in such support medium.
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87. A display device formed of a liquid crystal apparatus for providing a color output comprising an operationally nematic liquid crystal in a support medium and a non-pleochroic dye, said liquid crystal means comprising at least one layer of liquid crystal material in a containment medium that tends to distort at least some of the liquid crystal material to align generally with respect to a wall of such containment medium when in the absence of an electric field, and said liquid crystal material being responsive to an electric field to tend to align with respect thereto.
- 88. An optical device for producing a colored optical output, including a containment medium comprising a non-pleochroic dye means for coloring light and a polymer base, said containment medium having a total internal reflection angle and being operative to effect total internal reflection of light impinging on a surface thereof at an angle exceeding such total internal reflection angle, and liquid crystal material in said containment medium, said liquid crystal material being cooperative with said containment medium in the absence of electric field to scatter a substantial amount of light at an angle greater than the total internal reflection angle for said medium substantially independently of wavelength, said dye comprising fluorescent dye.
- 98. A method of making a fluorescent liquid crystal apparatus, compriing forming a plurality of volumes of liquid crystal in a containment medium that distorts the natural structure of such liquid crystal absent a prescribed input to effect scattering of light, such liquid crystal being responsive to such prescribed input to align with respect thereto to reduce the amount of such scattering, and combining with at least one of such liquid crystal and containment medium a fluorescent dye.
Specification