Positive temperature coefficient heater

• US 4,857,711 A
• Filed: 08/16/1988
• Issued: 08/15/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 08/16/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Illinois Tool Works Inc.
• Original Assignee: Illinois Tool Works Inc.
• Inventors: Watts, Leslie M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pellinen, A. D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Fuller, Leon K.
• Application Number:
  US07/233,271
• Time in Patent Office: 364 Days
• Field of Search: 219/202, 219/203, 219/219, 219/548, 219/549, 219/543, 219/528, 219/345
• US Class Current: 219/548
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/845 specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors

Abstract

A self regulating heating device for a mirror is disclosed including a substrate having an electrical buss system deposited on one surface including a plurality of interdigitated electrodes and two buss bars. Stripes of positive temperature coefficient resistive material are printed perpendicularly over the buss system to form a plurality of heater areas and exposed substrate areas. A first adhesive layer is deposited over the resistive layer and adheres to the exposed areas of the substrate. An electrical barrier layer is secured to the first adhesive layer and a removable protective covering is secured by the second adhesive layer. The buss bars are tapered such that the power density at any point along their length is substantially equal to the average power density of the heater areas.

Claims

1. A heating device comprising:

a planer electrically insulative substrate;

an electrical buss system on one surface of said substrate, including a pair of buss bars and two electrode patterns having a plurality of spaced apart parallel interdigitated electrodes, adjacent electrodes of said plurality of interdigitated electrodes connect to different ones of said pair of buss bars, each buss bar extending from one of a pair of terminal connection points along generally opposite portions of a peripheral edge of said substrate;

an electrically resistive layer of material having a positive temperature coefficient, and resistive layer deposited over said electrical buss system in a plurality of parallel spaced apart stripes orientated perpendicular to said interdigitated electrodes defining a plurality of heater areas between adjacent electrodes;

a first adhesive layer deposited over said electrically resistive layer including the spaces between said spaced apart stripes, whereby said adhesive layer contacts and adheres to said substrate in areas of said substrate between said heater areas;

an electrically insulative barrier layer on said adhesive layer;

a second adhesive layer on said electrically insulative barrier layer; and

means providing for achieving a predetermined power density at any location along each of said buss bars from said respective terminal connection point to a free end of each buss bar substantially equal to an average power of all of said heater areas.

2. The heating device as defined in claim 1 further including a removable protective layer on said second adhesive layer.

3. The heating device as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for achieving said predetermined power density includes each said buss bar being decreasingly tapered from said respective terminal connection point to said free end.

4. The heating device as defined in claim 1 wherein predetermined ones of said stripes of resistive material have a width at predetermined locations on said one surface of said substrate to form heating areas having predetermined power densities at said predetermined locations.

5. The heating device as defined in claim 4 wherein said stripes of resistive material at least along a portion of the peripheral edge of said substrate have widths greater than the widths of the other of said plurality of stripes of resistive material.

6. A heating device comprising:

a planer insulating substrate having a peripheral edge;

an electrical buss system deposited on one surface of said substrate, said buss system including two buss bars extending along generally opposite portions of the peripheral edge of said substrate, a plurality of parallel spaced apart interdigitated electrodes alternately connected to said buss bars defining a plurality of electrode paths;

a layer of positive temperature coefficient resistive material disposed over said buss system in a pattern including a plurality of spaced apart stripes of said material oriented substantially perpendicular to said electrode paths defining a plurality of heating areas between adjacent electrode paths and a plurality of exposed areas of said substrate between said stripes of resistive material;

each said buss bar decreasingly tapers in width from a terminal connection point to each buss bar to a free end distal from each respective terminal connection wherein said taper is adapted to provide a power density at any location along the length of each said buss bar substantially equal to an average power density of all of said heater areas; and

at least one adhesive layer deposited over said positive temperature coefficient resistive material adhered to said exposed areas of said substrate.

7. The heating device as defined in claim 6 further including an electrically insulating layer secured to said at least one adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer deposited over said electrically insulating layer.

8. The heating device as defined in claim 7 further including a removable protective covering on said second adhesive layer.

9. The heating device as defined in claim 6 wherein the width of said stripes of resistive material at predetermined locations on said one surface of said substrate define a desired power density at said predetermined locations, whereby a desired heating effect is provided at each predetermined location.

10. A planer heating device for attachment to a member to be heated comprising:

an electrically insulating substrate having a predetermined shape conforming to the member to be heated;

a conductor array deposited on said substrate including two buss bars and a plurality of spaced apart elongated interdigitated conductors extending from said buss bars;

a positive temperature coefficient resistive material deposited over said conductor array in a plurality of parallel spaced apart stripes disposed perpendicular to said interdigitated conductors forming a plurality of heating areas having an average power density;

said buss bars adapted to provide for a power density at any location along their length substantially equal to the average power density of said plurality of heating areas;

a first adhesive layer disposed over said positive temperature coefficient resistive material and areas between said stripes of positive temperature coefficient resistive material;

an electrically insulating layer secured to said first adhesive layer;

a second adhesive layer on said electrically insulating layer; and

a protective covering removably secured by said second adhesive layer.