Method and arrangement for a sigma delta converter for bandpass signals

• US 4,857,928 A
• Filed: 01/28/1988
• Issued: 08/15/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 01/28/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gailus, Paul H., Turney, William J., Yester, Francis R. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, Jr., William M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): YOUNG, BRIAN K
• Application Number:
  US07/149,350
• Time in Patent Office: 565 Days
• Field of Search: 341/110, 341/115, 341/123, 341/124, 341/126, 341/131, 341/132, 341/134, 341/139, 341/200, 341/143, 364/485, 364/576, 364/605, 324/76 A, 324/77 R, 324/79 D, 324/83 D, 358/21 R, 358/23, 358/36, 358/37, 375/25-34
• US Class Current: 341/143
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/408 by the use of an LC circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/424 the quantiser being a multiple bit one
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/438 the modulator having a higher order loop filter in the feedforward path
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 14/062 using delta modulation or one-bit differential modulation [1DPCM]

Abstract

An improved apparatus and method for a sigma delta converter for bandpass signals is disclosed, suitable for use in mobile radio applications, between the front end and digital signal processing stages, that includes at least one bandpass filter, an n-level quantizer, an n-level digital-to-analog (D/A) converter, and a direct current (DC) feedback network. The sigma delta converter for bandpass signals may be configured in a second order or a fourth order embodiment and achieves analog-to-digital conversion of a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance and with minimal quantization error. As a result, the sigma delta conversion occures earlier in a receiver chain and a dynamic range of about 95-98 dB is achieved.

Claims

1. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio perforrmance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus.

2. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulatin thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node, wherein said bandpass filtering means further comprises amplifying means for amplifying the signal passing therethrough;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said amplifying means includes an operational amplifier having gain of approximately 40 dB.

4. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus commprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node, wherein said bandpass filtering means includes at least a single pole bandpass filter having a ringing frequency essentially equal to the non-zero carrier frequency;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said single pole bandpass filter includes at least a parallel resonant resistor, inductor, capacitor (R-L-C) network.

8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said bandpass filter includes a ceramic bandpass filter.

9. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said bandpass filter includes a piezoelectric bandpass filter.

6. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output couple to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node, wherein said bandpass filtering means includes a first and a second pole bandpass filter, with the second bandpass filter having a dual-zero phase compensation network therein in order to ensure loop stability;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said first and second bandpass filters include parallel resonant R-L-C networks, with the second bandpass filter including 2 additional resistors for providing the dual-zero phase compensation therein.

10. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at at output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus, wherein said DC feedback means includes at least an integrator and a summing junction to further reduce qunatization error by minimizing any effects of DC offset voltages within the apparatus.

11. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom, wherein said n-level quantizing means includes an A/D converter having n=2;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said A/D converter having n=2 comprises a latching comparator coupled to a master-slave (M-S) flip-flop, with said comparator driven by a clock signal and said M-S flip-flop driven by a delayed clock signal through an included delay stage.

13. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, wherein said n-level D/A converting means comprises a D/A converter having n=2; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said D/A converter having n=2 comprises an analog switch and a controled current stage, which sinks or sources a constant value of current.

15. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus;

further including a dither generator coupled to the second summing node and having a low-noise output at the non-zero carrier frequency due to an included bandreject filter centered thereat, said dither generator utilized to randomize quantization errors and to smooth an associated frequency spectrum of the error.

16. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means and having an output coupled to said first summing node, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) direct current (DC) feedback means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus;

wherein the improved signal-to-noise ratio performance allows a dynamic range of approximately 95-98 dB to be achieved.

17. An apparatus for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier or suppressed with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the apparatus comprising:

(a) bandpass filtering means, having an input coupled to a first summing node, an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, and having an associated damped sinusoidal impulse response therein, for filtering the analog signal before applying it to the second summing node;

(b) n-level quantizing means, having an input coupled to said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal into a digital signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, having an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means and an output coupled to a negative input of said second summing node, for feeding back a DC voltage to minimize DC offset voltages within the apparatus;

wherein any of said bandpass filtering means, said n-level quantizing means, said n-level D/A converting means, and said DC feedback means are constructed and arranged in dual differential form to provide further noise immunity and substantially reduced power requirements.

18. A method for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) bandpass filtering the analog signal supplied from a first summing node to provide a filtered signal to a second summing node;

(b) quantizing the filtered analog signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) converting the n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback to signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) feeding back a DC voltage developed in step (c) to a negative input of said second summing node, to minimize DC offset voltages developed within the apparatus, said method providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance which allows a dynamic range of approximately 95-98 dB to be achieved.

19. A method for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) bandpass filtering and amplifying the analog signal supplied from a first summing node to provide a filtered signal to a second summing node;

(b) quantizing the filtered analog signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) converting the n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) feeding back a DC voltage developed in step (c) to a negative input of said second summing node, to minimize DC offset voltages developed within the apparatus, said method providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance which allows a dynamic range of approximately 95-98 dB to be achieved.

20. A method for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the method comprising the steps of:

bandpass filtering the analog signal supplied from a first summing node, and dithering the filtered analog signal by applying a dithered signal, having a bandreject characteristic centered at the non-zero carrier frequency to provide a filtered signal to a second summing node;

(b) quantizing the filtered analog signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom;

(c) converting the n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) feeding back a DC voltage developed in step (c) to a negative input of said second summing node, to minimize DC offset voltages developed within the apparatus, said method providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance which allows a dynamic range of approximately 95-98 dB to be achieved.

21. A method for converting a signal having a non-zero frequency carrier with modulation thereon from an analog signal to a digital signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio performance, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) bandpass filtering the analog signal supplied from a first summing node to provide a filtered signal to a second summing node;

(b) quantizing the filtered analog signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality of levels (n) at an output therefrom, and wherein n=2;

(c) converting the n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) feeding back a DC voltage developed in step (c) to a negative input of said second summing node, to minimize DC offset voltages developed within the apparatus, said method providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance which allows a dynamic range of approximately 95-98 dB to be achieved.

22. The method according to claim 21, further including the step of reducing DC offset voltages present when converting to and from two levels (n=2) for the digital signal.

23. A radio for receiving modulation information carried by an RF signal and deriving a non-zero frequency IF signal therefrom that is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal for subsequent digital processing, said radio comprising:

front end means, including at least a mixer and a local oscillator, for providing an analog IF signal having a non-zero carrier frequency;

means for processing a digital signal to extract the modulation information contained therein; and

a bandpass sigma delta converter, coupled therebetween, comprising;

(a) bandpass filtering means, including an input coupled from a first summing node and an output coupled to a positive input of a second summing node, for filtering the analog signal;

(b) n-level quantizing means, including an input coupled from said second summing node, for quantizing the analog signal by oversampling and providing an n-level digital signal to an output thereof;

(c) n-level D/A converting means, including an input coupled to the output from said quantizing means, for converting said n-level digital signal back to an analog signal to provide a negative feedback signal to the first summing node for providing improved signal-to-noise ratio performance; and

(d) DC feeding means, including an input coupled to the output of said D/A converting means, for feeding back a DC voltage to a negative input of said second summing node to minimize DC offset voltages within the bandpass sigma delta converter.

24. The radio according to claim 23, wherein said front end means comprises a mixer, local oscillator and a preselector filter.

25. The radio according to claim 23, wherein said digital processing means comprises a digital signal processor.

26. The radio according to claim 23, wherein any of said bandpass filtering means, said n-level quantizing means, and n-level D/A converting means, and said DC feedback means are constructed and arranged in dual differential form to provide further noise immunity.

27. In a radio, a method for processing an analog received signal, said method including the steps of:

(a) bandpass filtering and amplifying said analog received signal to form a filtered signal;

(b) dithering said filtered signal and oversampling said filtering signal to provide a digital version having a plurality (n) of levels;

(c) providing a digital output signal, said digital output being based at least in part on said digital version of said filtered signal;

(d) providing an analog version of said digital output signal;

(e) providing a first negative feedback signal, said first negative feedback signal being based at least in part on said analog version of said digital output signal;

(f) combining said first negative feedback signal with said analog received signal to achieve negative feedback;

(g) providing a second negative feedback signal, said second negative feedback signal being based at least in part on the direct current offset voltage of said analog version of said digital output signal;

(h) combining said second negative feedback signal with said filtered signal to achieve negative feedback.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein said providing step (b) includes the step of:

quantizing said filtering analog signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality (n) of levels.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein said providing step (b) n=2.

30. A radio having means for processing an analog received signal, said means comprising:

bandpass filtering means for bandpass filtering said analog received signal to form a filtered signal;

first converting means for providing a digital version of filtered signal;

output means for providing a digital output signal, said digital output signal being based at least in part on said digital version of said filtered signal;

second converting means for providing an analog version of said digital output signal;

first feedback means for providing a first negative feedback signal, said first negative feedback signal being based at least in part on said analog version of said digital output signal;

first combining means for combining said first negative feedback signal with said analog received signal to achieve negative feedback;

second feedback means for providing a second negative feedback signal, said second negative feedback signal being based at least in part on the direct current offset voltage of said analog version of said digital output signal;

second combining means for combining said second negative feedback signal with said filtered signal to achieve negative feedback;

said radio further including amplifying means responsive to said filtering signal for amplifying said filtered signal.

31. The radio of claim 30 further including dithering means responsive to said filtered signal for dithering said filtering signal.

32. The radio of claim 31, wherein said first converting means includes quantizing means for quantizing said filtering signal by oversampling and providing a digital signal having a plurality (n) of levels.

33. The radio of claim 32, wherein said first converting means n=2.