Optimized signal to noise ratio

• US 4,859,945 A
• Filed: 05/03/1988
• Issued: 08/22/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 05/03/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: Elscint Limited (Elbit Imaging Limited)
• Inventors: Stokar, Saul
• Primary Examiner(s): Tokar, Michael J.
• Application Number:
  US07/189,712
• Time in Patent Office: 476 Days
• Field of Search: 324/300, 324/307, 324/309, 324/312, 324/313, 324/314, 324/318, 324/322, 128/653
• US Class Current: 324/309
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/56 Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques , e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/56545 caused by finite or discrete sampling, e.g. Gibbs ringing, truncation artefacts, phase aliasing artefacts

Abstract

Method and apparatus for improving the signal-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance imaging systems using echo acquisition modes. The bandwidth of the received signals are reduced along with the amplitude of the view gradient and the sampling time. Since the signal-to-noise ratio is proportional to one over the square root of the bandwidth, this results in an increased signal-to-noise ratio. 7

Claims

1. A method of optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of magnetic resonance images (MRI) in echo acquisition scan sequences providing echoes at times (TE) after application of a first radio frequency (RF) pulse, said method comprising the steps of:

using said echo acquisition sequence to generate echo signals,

detecting a first echo signal during the application of an initial view gradient,

sampling the detected echo signal at a sampling rate determining a sampling time,

filtering the sampled signal through a receiving filter having a variable bandwidth,

providing a subsequent view gradient of decreased amplitude compared to said initial view gradient during the detection of subsequent echo signals, and

decreasing the bandwidth of the receiving filter responsive to the reduction of the subsequent view gradient amplitude to improve the SNR.

2. The method of claim 1 including the step of:

determining to increase TE times beyond a minimum time where the minimum time is equal to the least amount of time necessary to apply slice select dephasing and rephasing pulses, an encoding gradient pulse and a second RF pulse after application of a first RF pulse in the echo acquisition scan sequence.

3. The method of claim 1 including the step of increasing the TE time for echoes subsequent to the first echo received,

said step of increasing the TE time including the step of reducing the amplitude of the view gradient during the detection of the subsequent echo signals, and

simultaneously decreasing the bandwidth of the receiving filter responsive to the reduction of the view gradient amplitude to thereby maintain a field of view and to acquire images having improved signal-to-noise ratio.

4. The method of claim 3 including the step of increasing the sampling time of the signals received using the subsequent view gradient of reduced amplitude.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the reduction of the amplitude of the subsequent view gradient is limited to prevent truncation artifacts.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the subsequent view gradient is maintained larger than the field inhomogeneity.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the subsequent view gradient is maintained at an amplitude to assure that the size of each pixel is larger than the chemical shift.

8. A system for optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of magnetic resonance images (MRI) in echo acquisition scan sequences providing echoes at times-to-echo (TE) after application of a first radio frequency (RF) pulse, while increasing the time-to-echo TE between the application of said first RF pulse and a rephasing RF pulse that causes the echo to occur at a time beyond a minimum time where the minimum time is governed by the least amount of the necessary to apply slice select gradient pulses, an encoding gradient pulse and a first rephasing RF pulse after the application of the first RF pulse, said system comprising:

means for acquiring MRI data using said echo acquisition sequence for generating echo signals,

means for detecting said first echo signal during the application of an initial view gradient,

means for receiving the detected signals,

receiving filter means for filtering the received signals, said receiving filter means having a variable bandwidth,

means for providing a subsequent view gradient pulse of decreased amplitude relative to said initial view gradient pulse during the detection of subsequent echo signals whereby TE is larger than the minimal, and

means for decreasing the bandwidth of the receiving filter means responsive to the reduction of the subsequent view gradient pulse amplitude to improve the SNR.

9. The system of claim 8 including the means for increasing the TE time for echoes subsequent to the initial echo received,

said means for providing the subsequent view gradient of reduced amplitude is operative only during the detection of the subsequent echo signals.

10. The system of claim 8 including means for increasing the sampling time of the signals received using the subsequent view gradient of reduced amplitude.

11. The system of claim 8 wherein the reduction of the amplitude of the subsequent view gradient is limited to prevent truncation artifacts.

12. The system of claim 8 wherein the subsequent view gradient is maintained larger than the field inhomogeneity.

13. The system of claim 8 wherein the subsequent view gradient is maintained at an amplitude to assure that the size of each pixel is larger than the chemical shift.