Lock detector for feedback loops

• US 4,860,321 A
• Filed: 09/13/1985
• Issued: 08/22/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hughes Electronics Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: von der Embse, U. A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Griffin, Robert L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Huseman, Marianne
• Application Number:
  US06/775,909
• Time in Patent Office: 1,439 Days
• Field of Search: 375/120, 375/96, 375/87, 375/110, 375/81, 375/86, 375/118, 375/98, 375/76, 375/10, 375/1, 331/64
• US Class Current: 375/343
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/067 providing soft decisions, i.e. decisions together with an estimate of reliability H04L25/068 and H04L25/069 take precedence; sequence estimation techniques H04L25/03178
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2272 using phase locked loops H04L27/2273 takes precedence

Abstract

A receiver is disclosed for acquiring and tracking a data signal in a highly stressed environment. The receiver comprises first and second I.F. sections, a mixer for translation from the first I.F. frequency to the second I.F. frequency, a 2 kHz bandpass filter at the second I.F. frequency, signal translator for synchronous translation of the signal at the second I.F. frequency to baseband, a digitizer for complex sampling operation on the baseband signal, a microprocessor for processing the digital samples, and a numerically controlled oscillator coupled to the mixer and controlled by the microprocessor. The microprocessor formulates matched digital discrete Fourier transform filters which drive frequency, phase and symbol lock loops at the symbol rate. Each of the loop filters is formed by symbol-rate recursive, first-order equations. A novel mode control system is employed to implement an orderly transition through the receiver modes, comprising (i) out-of-band noise estimation, (ii) coarse frequency and time acquisition of the data signal employing a sequential probability ratio test and a handover process, (iii) frequency and symbol synchronization with the data signal, (iv) phase and symbol synchronization with the data signal, and (v) feedback loop lock confirmation. After loss of lock, the mode controller transfers the receiver operations back to the appropriate restart operation. The receiver includes a novel lock detector system adapted to determine whether the feedback loops are properly locked to the signal. The system is operable over the range of frequency and time offsets and over a wide variation in received carrier-to-noise power densities.

Claims

1. A receiver employing matched filter detection of signals modulated with data symbols having a data symbol period, comprising:

means for matched filter detection and coherent demodulation of said signal, said means comprising a phase lock loop for tracking the phase of said signal;

means for providing an estimate of the signal amplitude;

means for calculating a lock detector statistic value, said value being normalized by an estimate of the signal amplitude to reduce its sensitivity to variations in the signal amplitude;

testing means responsive to said lock detector statistic value for determining whether said loop is tracking said signal at a false frequency or time offset, said means being operable over a wide signal to noise ratio (SNR) range over the entire frequency bandwidth at the input to said matched filter detection means and over the entire data symbol period; and

means responsive to said testing means for providing an indicator that the receiver is tracking at a false frequency or time estimate.

2. The receiver of claim 1 wherein said testing means comprises means for testing for false lock and cycle slip conditions existing at relatively small frequency or time offsets, said relatively small frequency offsets comprising offsets less than 1/2T Hz, where T is the length of such data symbols, and said relatively small time offsets comprise offsets less than T/16 seconds.

3. The receiver of claim 1 further comprising means for determining whether the SNR of the received signal exceeds a predetermined threshold level, and means responsive to said SNR determining means for indicating a receiver out-of-lock condition when the SNR of the received signal does not exceed said threshold level.

4. The receiver of claim 3 further comprising means for determining the presence of false lock conditions existing for relatively large frequency or time offsets, said large frequency offsets comprising offsets greater than 1/T Hz, and said large time offsets comprising offsets greater than 3T/32 seconds.

5. The receiver of claim 1 wherein said lock statistic value is a composite function of the loop offset and the loop jitter.

6. In a receiver employing matched filter detection and a feedback loop for tracking a signal modulated with data symbols, a system for detecting loop out-of-lock conditions, comprising:

(a) loop signal means adapted to generate a loop parameter representative of the loop tracking performance; and

(b) processing means for providing an indicator that the loop is in an out-of-lock state; and

wherein said receiver comprises first detection means for generating a complex first detection signal represented by I+jQ and whose value is representative of the spectral energy content of a first frequency band centered at the nominal signal frequency, and wherein said loop parameter is determined in accordance with the relationship ##EQU19## where η

₁ is a loop scale constant, and A represents an estimate of the amplitude of the signal energy.

7. The system of claim 6 further comprising means for determining whether the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the tracked signal exceeds a predetermined minimum level.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein said receiver is further comprised of N secondary detection means each adapted to generate a secondary detection signal whose value is representative of the spectral energy content of a secondary frequency band centered at a frequency offset from said nominal frequency, and wherein said processing means is adapted to select the minimum value of said secondary detection signals and determine whether the ratio of said first detection signal and said minimum value exceeds a predetermined SNR threshold value.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said SNR threshold value is dependant upon the minimum C/N_o (carrier-to-noise power density) of the signal expected to be received by such receiver.

10. The system of claim 8 wherein said first detection means and said N secondary detection means are each further adapted to generate respective detection signals with the receiver at predetermined timing offsets.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said system is adapted to determine whether the spectral energy content of said first frequency band is greater than the spectral energy content of each of said N secondary frequency bands, for each of said timing offsets.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein said processing means is further adapted to select that secondary detection signal having the maximum value, and that first detection signal having the maximum value, and determine whether the ratio of said maximum value of said first detection signal and said maximum value of said secondary detection signals exceeds unity.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein such signal is modulated with data symbols of length T seconds, and at a symbol rate 1/T Hz, and wherein said frequency offsets comprise ±

1/T Hz.

14. The system of claim 11 wherein said system is further adapted to determine whether the spectral content of such secondary frequency bands consists only of noise, at a nominal receiver timing offset of zero.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein said processing means is adapted to select that secondary signal having the minimum value over said timing offsets, that secondary signal having the maximum value for zero receiver timing offsets, and determine whether the ratio of said minimum value to said maximum value exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein said predetermined threshold value consists of the inverse of said SNR threshold value.

17. The system of claim 14 wherein such signal is modulated with Manchester encoded, binary phase shift keyed modulation, and wherein said system is further adapted to determine whether the receiver is tracking the Manchester mid-bit transition.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein said processing means is adapted such that said first and said secondary detection signals comprise a signal representative of the spectral energy content of said first and second detection means over one symbol length T, and further comprising:

(a) means for accumulating sums of said first detection signals over K symbols;

(b) means for accumulating the secondary detection signal corresponding to a secondary frequency band whose center frequency is offset from said nominal signal frequency by (-1/T Hz) over K symbols; and

(c) means for determining whether the difference of said accumulations exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

19. A receiver employing matched filter detection of Manchester-encoded binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) signals, comprising:

means for matched filter detection and coherent demodulation of said signal, said means comprising a phase lock loop for tracking the phase of said signal;

means for calculating a lock detector statistic value;

testing means responsive to said lock detector statistic value for determining whether said loop is tracking said signal at a false frequency or time offset, said means being operable over a wide signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range;

means responsive to said testing means for providing an indicator that the receiver is tracking at a false frequency or time estimate; and

means for determining whether the receiver is tracking the Manchester mid-bit transition.