Brominated perfluorocarbon emulsions for internal animal use for contrast enhancement and oxygen transport
First Claim
1. A process for preparing a brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues having size stability characteristics for an extended period of time and resistant to attack by animal organisms in animal body fluids, comprising the steps of:
- a. dispersing purified phospholipid emulsifier in a buffered aqueous solution containing an osmotic agent, and a biocompatible amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of sterols, tocopherols and combinations thereof;
b. gradually mixing into said dispersed emulsifier and solution from about 55% to about 125% weight per volume of brominated perfluorocarbon; and
,c. directing said mixture through a emulsification apparatus having fluid velocities of at least 1500 feet per second under such high shear conditions as to form a stable, heat-sterilizable emulsion, wherein the amount of emulsifier in said emulsion is an effective amount and the amount of osmotic agent and the buffer are effective to approximate physiological biocompatible osmolarity and pH.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion non-toxic for internal and intravenous use in animals including humans for use as an oxygen transport medium and as a tumor and other element contrast enhancement medium is stable with very small size characteristics for extended periods in excess of eighteen months and after sterilization, with a stabilizing component selected from the class comprising steroid hormones, tocopherols, cholesterols and their combinations. An anti-oxidizing component enhances delivery in oxygen transport.
193 Citations
22 Claims
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1. A process for preparing a brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues having size stability characteristics for an extended period of time and resistant to attack by animal organisms in animal body fluids, comprising the steps of:
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a. dispersing purified phospholipid emulsifier in a buffered aqueous solution containing an osmotic agent, and a biocompatible amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of sterols, tocopherols and combinations thereof; b. gradually mixing into said dispersed emulsifier and solution from about 55% to about 125% weight per volume of brominated perfluorocarbon; and
,c. directing said mixture through a emulsification apparatus having fluid velocities of at least 1500 feet per second under such high shear conditions as to form a stable, heat-sterilizable emulsion, wherein the amount of emulsifier in said emulsion is an effective amount and the amount of osmotic agent and the buffer are effective to approximate physiological biocompatible osmolarity and pH.
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2. A process for preparing a brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues having size stability characteristics for an extended period of time, comprising the steps of:
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a. dispersing purified emulsifier in a buffered aqueous solution of an osmotic agent; b. mixing from about 55% to 125% weight per volume of brominated perfluorocarbon into said dispersion of emulsifier and solution; and
,c. passing the resulting mixture through an emulsifying apparatus generating such high shear conditions as to form a stable, heat-sterilizable emulsion, wherein the amounts of buffer and osmotic agent in said emulsion are effective to approximate physiological pH and osmolarity. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4)
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5. A process for preparing a fluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues, said emulsion having substantial particle size stability characteristics for an extended period of time and through heat sterilization, comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing an effective amount of an emulsifier in an aqueous phase; b. mixing of from about 55% to 125% weight per volume of a non-toxic fluorocarbon into said mixture of emulsifier and aqueous phase; and c. passing the fluorocarbon-containing mixture through a mechanical emulsifying apparatus having a flow path, in which said mixture is subjected to sufficiently high shear rates to form a stable, heat sterilizable emulsion. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 16, 17)
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9. A process for preparing a fluorocarbon emulsion having particle size stability characteristics for an extended period of time, comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing an effective amount of emulsifier and from about 55% weight per volume to 125% weight per volume of a biocompatible fluorocarbon into an aqueous phase to form a mixture; and
,b. placing said mixture in an emulsification apparatus and pressurizing said mixture at a pressure of at least 4000 pounds per square inch to force said mixture through at least one high shear emulsification flow path at a velocity of at least 1500 feet per second. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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18. A process for preparing a fluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues, said emulsion having substantial particle size stability characteristics for an extended period of time though heat sterilization, comprising the steps of:
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combining an aqueous phase with an effective amount of an emulsifier and from about 50% to about 125% weight per volume of a fluorocarbon to form a mixture; and passing the fluorocarbon-containing mixture through a mechanical emulsification apparatus in which said mixture is subjected to sufficiently high flow rates and pressures to form a stable, heat sterilizable emulsion. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22)
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Specification