Fiber optic voice/data network

• US 4,866,704 A
• Filed: 03/16/1988
• Issued: 09/12/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/16/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Bergman, Larry A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Scutch, III, Frank M.
• Application Number:
  US07/168,663
• Time in Patent Office: 545 Days
• Field of Search: 370/85, 370/86, 370/88, 370/89, 370/94, 370/110.1, 340/825.5, 340/825.05, 455/606, 455/607
• US Class Current: 370/452
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0632 Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES] queuing arrangements in packet switching elements H04L49/90; synchronising systems for the synchronous transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals H04N7/56
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0658 Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/64 Hybrid switching systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 7/006 Networks other than PSTN/ISDN providing telephone service, e.g. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) , including next generation networks with a packet-switched transport layer H04L65/00 takes precedence; aspects not specific to the type of network H04M3/00; special services in those networks H04M3/42

Abstract

An asynchronous, high-speed, fiber optic local area network originally developed for tactical environments with additional benefits for other environments such as spacecraft, and the like. The network supports ordinary data packet traffic simultaneously with synchronous T1 voice traffic over a common token ring channel; however, the techniques and apparatus of this invention can be applied to any deterministic class of packet data networks, including multitier backbones, that must transport stream data (e.g., video, SAR, sensors) as well as data. A voice interface module parses, buffers, and resynchronizes the voice data to the packet network employing elastic buffers on both the sending and receiving ends. Voice call setup and switching functions are performed external to the network with ordinary PABX equipment. Clock information is passed across network boundaries in a token passing ring by preceeding the token with an idle period of non-transmission which allows the token to be used to re-establish a clock synchronized to the data. Provision is made to monitor and compensate the elastic receiving buffers so as to prevent them from overflowing or going empty.

Claims

1. In a communications network for transmitting packets of information between nodes attached to a common communications path, the improvement for permitting a plurality of nodes to transmit and recieve voice, video, and other forms of real-time traffic between one another over one local area network comprising:

a plurality of interfacing units operably connecting respective ones of the nodes to the communications path, each interfacing unit comprising,

(a) transmitter means for transmitting onto the communications path;

(b) receiver means for removing transmissions from the communications path;

(c) a non-fixed length, expandable, elastic FIFO transmitting buffer connected to receive continuous real-time transmissions from its associated node;

(d) a non-fixed length, expandable, elastic FIFO receiving buffer connected to receive transmissions from said receiver means;

(e) transmitting logic means for removing said real-time transmissions from said transmitting buffer, for dividing said real-time transmissions into a sequence of packets, and for using said transmitter means to transmit said packets onto the communications path; and

,

(f) receiving logic means for receiving said packets from said receiver means, for storing said packets into said receiving buffer, and for removing said packets from said receiving buffer and transmitting them to the associated node in contiguous form to reconstruct said real-time transmissions.

2. The improvement to a communications network of claim 1 wherein:

(a) said communications path is a token passing ring wherein a token bit sequence is transmitted along a ring communications path to indicate the point where a packet can be placed onto the ring;

(b) said transmitting logic includes logic to precede each said token bit sequence with an idle period of non-transmission; and

,

(c) said receiving logic includes logic to sense said idle period and use the bits of said token bit sequence to establish and synchronize to the clock of the packet following thereafter whereby clock information relative to the packets is conveyed across boundaries of the network.

3. The improvement to a communications network of claim 1 wherein:

said receiving logic means includes compensating means for monitoring the average size of said receiving buffer, for slowing the filling of said receiving buffer when said average size is increasing, and for increasing the filling of said receiving buffer when said average size is decreasing whereby said average size is maintained in a stable state and said receiving buffer is prevented from being totally emptied or from overflowing.

4. The improvement to a communications network of claim 3 wherein:

said compensating means includes means for dropping a said packet to slow the filling of said receiving buffer and for duplicating a said packet to increase the filling of said receiving buffer.

5. The improvement to a communications network of claim 3 wherein:

(a) said receiving logic means is driven by an adjustable frequency clock; and

,

(b) said compensating means includes means for slowing said clock to slow the filling of said receiving buffer and for speeding up said clock to increase the filling of said receiving buffer.

6. The improvement to a communications network of claim 1 wherein each of said interfacing units includes a voice interface module comprising:

(a) network interface unit means for interfacing with the communications path through said transmitter means and said receiver means;

(b) M-bit VME bus means for conducting M bits of data in parallel between an input and an output thereof, said output being connected to an input of said network interface means;

(c) bi-directional Bus/Mux means for receiving N bits of data in parallel at respective ones of a plurality of inputs thereof, where M is an integer multiple of N, and for transmitting the resulting M parallel bits of said data to an output thereof connected to said input of said VNE bus means;

(d) a plurality of bi-directional N-bit private bus means for conducting N bits of data in parallel between inputs and outputs thereof, said outputs being connected to respective ones of said inputs of said Bus/Mux means;

(e) a plurality of bi-directional FIFO/T1 means each including said elastic FIFO transmitting and receiving buffers for receiving real-time communications traffic at inputs thereof into said transmitting buffer thereof, for outputting reconstructed real-time communications, traffic from said transmitting buffer at outputs thereof, and for interfacing with respective ones of said private bus means through N-bit input/output interfaces connected to respective ones of said inputs of said private bus means; and

,

(f) controller means operably connected for controlling data flow over said VME bus means between said Bus/Mux means and said network interface unit means.

7. A local area communications network for permitting a plurality of nodes to transmit and receive voice, video, and other forms of real-time traffic between one another comprising:

(a) a communications medium disposed along a path between the nodes;

(b) a plurality of interfacing units operably connecting respective ones of the nodes to said communications medium, each interfacing unit comprising,

(b1) transmitter means for transmitting onto said communications medium;

(b2) receiver means for removing transmissions from said communications medium;

(b3) a non-fixed length, expandable, elastic FIFO transmitting buffer connected to receive continuous real-time transmissions from is associated node;

(b4) a non-fixed length, expandable, elastic FIFO receiving buffer connected to receive transmissions from said receiver means;

(b5) transmitting logic means for removing said real-time transmissions from said transmitting buffer, for dividing said real-time transmissions into a sequence of packets, and for using said transmitter means to transmit said packets onto said communications medium; and

,

(b6) receiving logic means for receiving said packets from said receiver means, for storing said packets into said receiving buffer, and for removing said packets form said receiving buffer and transmitting them to the associated node in contiguous form to reconstruct said real-time transmissions.

8. The communications network of claim 7 wherein:

(a) said communications medium is a token passing ring wherein a token bit sequence is transmitted along a ring communications medium to indicate the point where a packet can be placed onto the ring;

(b) said transmitting logic includes logic to precede each said token bit sequence with an idle period of non-transmission; and

,

(c) said receiving logic includes logic to sense said idle period and use the bits of said token bit sequence to establish and synchronize to the clock of the packet following thereafter whereby clock information relative to the packets is conveyed across boundaries of the network.

9. The communications network of claim 7 wherein:

said receiving logic means includes compensating means for monitoring the average size of said receiving buffer, for slowing the filling of said receiving buffer when said average size is increasing, and for increasing the filling of said receiving buffer when said average size is decreasing whereby said average size is maintained in a stable state and said receiving buffer is prevented from being totally emptied or from overflowing.

10. The communications network of claim 9 wherein:

said compensating means includes means for dropping a said packet to slow the filling of said receiving buffer and for duplicating a said packet to increase the filling of said receiving buffer.

11. The communications network of claim 9 wherein:

(a) said receiving logic means is driven by an adjustable frequency clock; and

,

(b) said compensating means includes means for slowing said clock to slow the filling of said receiving buffer and for speeding up said clock to increase the filling of said receiving buffer.

12. The communications network of claim 7 wherein each of said interfacing units includes a voice interface module comprising:

(a) network interface unit means for interfacing with said communications medium through said transmitter means and said receiver means;

(b) M-bit VME bus means for conducting M bits of data in parallel between an input and an output thereof, said output being connected to an input of said network interface means;

(c) bi-directional Bus/Mux means for receiving N bits of data in parallel at respective ones of a plurality of inputs thereof, where M is an integer multiple of N, and for transmitting the resulting M parallel bits of said data to an output thereof connected to said input of said VNE bus means;

(d) a plurality of bi-directional N-bit private bus means for conducting N bits of data in parallel between inputs and outputs thereof, said outputs being connected to respective ones of said inputs of said Bus/Mux means;

(e) a plurality of bi-directional FIFO/T1 means each including said elastic FIFO transmitting and receiving buffers for receiving real-time communications traffic at inputs thereof into said transmitting buffer thereof, for outputting reconstructed real-time communications traffic from said transmitting buffer at outputs thereof, and for interfacing with respective ones of said private bus means through N/bit input/output interfaces connected to respective ones of said inputs of said private bus means; and

,

(f) controller means operably connected for controlling data flow over said VME bus means between said Bus/Mux means and said network interface unit means.

13. The method of operating a local area communications network to permit a plurality of nodes to transmit and receive voice, video, and other forms of real-time traffic between one another comprising the steps of:

(a) disposing a communications medium along a path between the nodes;

(b) employing a plurality of interfacing units to operably connect respective ones of the nodes to the communications medium;

(c) inputting real-time communications traffic from a transmitting node into a non-fixed length, expandable, elastic FIFO transmitting buffer;

(d) removing stored traffic from the transmitting buffer in fixed length packets and transmitting the packets sequentially onto the communications medium;

(e) inputting the packets sequentially from the communications medium into a non-fixed length, expandable, elastic FIFO receiving buffer at a receiving node; and

,

(f) removing the packets from the receiving buffer and transmitting them to the associated receiving node in contiguous form to reconstruct the original real-time transmission.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the communications medium is a token passing ring where a token bit sequence is transmitted along a ring communications medium to indicate the point where a packet can be placed onto the ring and additionally including the steps of:

(a) at each transmitting node, preceeding each token bit sequence with an idle period of non-transmission; and

,

(b) at each receiving node, sensing the idle period and using the bits of the token bit sequence to establish and synchronize to the clock of the packet following thereafter whereby clock information relative to the packets is conveyed across boundaries of the network.

15. The method of claim 13 and additionally including the steps of:

(a) monitoring the average size of the receiving buffer;

(b) slowing the filling of the receiving buffer when the average size is increasing; and

,

(c) increasing the filling of the receiving buffer when the average size is decreasing whereby the average size is maintained in a stable state and the receiving buffer is prevented from being totally emptied or from overflowing.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein:

(a) said step of slowing the filling of the receiving buffer when the average size is increasing comprises dropping a packet to slow the filling of the receiving buffer; and

,

(b) said step of increasing the filling of the receiving buffer when the average size is decreasing comprises duplicating a packet to increase the filling of the receiving buffer.

17. The method of claim 15 and additionally comprising the step of:

(a) employing an adjustable frequency clock in said step of removing the packets from the receiving buffer and transmitting them to the associated receiving node in contiguous form to reconstruct the original real-time transmission; and

wherein,

(b) said step of slowing the filling of the receiving buffer when the average size is increasing comprises slowing the clock to slow the filling of the receiving buffer; and

,

(c) said step of increasing the filling of the receiving buffer when the average size is decreasing comprises speeding up the clock to increase the filling of the receiving buffer.