Cardiac pacemaker

• US 4,867,163 A
• Filed: 03/17/1987
• Issued: 09/19/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Biotronik Mess-Und Therapiegeraete GmbH & Company Ingenieurbuero Berlin (Biotronik SE & Company KG)
• Original Assignee: Biotronik Mess-Und Therapiegeraete GmbH & Company Ingenieurbuero Berlin (Biotronik SE & Company KG)
• Inventors: Schaldach, Max
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Application Number:
  US07/026,679
• Time in Patent Office: 917 Days
• Field of Search: 128/419
• US Class Current: 607/22
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36585 controlled by two or more physical parameters
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37211 Means for communicating with stimulators
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37254 Pacemaker or defibrillator security, e.g. to prevent or inhibit programming alterations by hackers or unauthorised individuals

Abstract

A cardiac pacer features plural adressable digital memory elements each containing different pulse parameters for the pacing stimulation, address-selecting digital logic circuitry for choosing the characteristics of the pulses to be generated in response to signals derived from plural physiological sensors detecting different exercise - related body function to improve control of the heart during various levels exertion.

Claims

1. A cardiac pacemaker comprising:

means for detecting an attribute of a patient'"'"'s body and transmitting a signal representative of said attribute;

circuitry means having stimulus supplying means for varying at least one pacing parameter, in particular the pacing rate, as function of said signal picked up in the patient'"'"'s body as an input variable and correlated with physical exertion of the patient'"'"'s body, a transmission route for said signals correlated with the physical exertion, and a non-linear transmission element in said transmission route; and

a transmission element in said transmission route which is linear and time-dependent, said transmission element including at least one of time constants and further coefficients, in accordance with a simulation of a linear physical system described by one of a linear differential equation, a time delay, and a predeterminable time-dependent course as an evaluation factor in control of said stimulus supplying means.

2. A pacemaker as defined by claim 1, wherein said non-linear element is variable in its transmission behavior.

3. A pacemaker as defined by claim 1, wherein said circuitry means includes a microprocessor system, and wherein said linear transmission element has digital switching means, and as a linear system is simulated and incorporated in serial data processing of said microprocessor system.

4. A pacemaker as defined by claim 1, wherein said transmission element is programmable in terms of one of (a) its order and said time constants, (b) coefficients of said linear differential equation, and (c) the coefficients of a frequency response function.

5. A pacemaker as defined by claim 1, wherein said time constant is adapted to the time constant of a pertinent blood quantity of the patient'"'"'s body, taking into account the blood temperature during warming of the patient'"'"'s body resulting from physical exertion.

6. A pacemaker as defined by claim 5, wherein said circuitry means causes an automatic balancing to take place in a calibration cycle, taking into account transitional behavior at the beginning of external physical exertion of the patient'"'"'s body, calibration being effected as a known exertion increase.

7. A pacemaker as defined by claim 1, wherein said characteristic values of said linear physical system are capable of at least one of (a) being input into a data memory, and (b) varied, by external communication means, said data memory being addressable by by said circuitry means by a common address characteristic.

8. A pacemaker as defined by claim 1, wherein said circuitry means for affecting said pacing parameters are controllable by means of data contained in the memory locations of a memory, and wherein the addressing of the memory locations is effected in accordance with an address signal derived from an input variable and at least one further address signal, said at least one further address signal being a signal corresponding to at least one of (a) a variable measuring a characteristic of a patient'"'"'s body, (b) a signal derived from a variable measuring a characteristic of a patient'"'"'s body, and (c) an independent signal, and wherein said data contained in said memory represents output signals from a characteristic data field for causing at least indirect variation of said pacing parameter, which as a data unit is addressable in a self-contained manner, and said characteristic data field being at least one of (a) linkable with further corresponding characteristic data fields, and (b) graphically representable in terms of its data content.

9. A pacemaker as defined by claim 7, further comprising:

calibration means for one of (a) a first measured value pickup and (b) a united signal of a plurality of measured value pickups, said calibration means receiving and simultaneously processing an output signal of a second measured value pickup for a predetermined period of time, and

compensation means, which during said predetermined period of time are connected to a component which is connected to an output side of said measured value pickup to compensate signals from said first measured value pickup such that the compensated signals obtained from said first measured value pickup and signals received from said second measured value pickup are substantially identical, and wherein said signals from said first measured pickup compensated for by said compensation means remain substantially unchanged for a following operating period of time, calibration being effected by means of a corresponding external measured value pickup which is connected during said period of time with said communication means.

10. A pacemaker as defined by claim 1, further comprising:

at least two measured value pickups for signals dependent on the physical exertion of the patient'"'"'s body,

said circuitry means uniting said signals from said at least two measured value pickups dependent on the physical exertion of the patient'"'"'s body, said circuitry means producing a further signal which is dependent on said signals from said at least two measured value pickups, wherein said measured variables measure at least two of PEP, LVET, resistance increase, blood temperature, respiration rate, QT interval, blood oxygen saturation, pH value, external programming signals, and control signals;

a further measured value pickup for detecting at least one of (a) orientation of the pacemaker in space, and accelerations of a predetermined minimum intensity as a criterion for indicating activity of the patient'"'"'s body.

11. A pacemaker as defined by claim 5, further comprising a mathematically linear element connected to an output side of a measured value pickup for measuring the blood temperature;

said mathematically linear element, after a predetermined period of time, replacing a measured blood temperature value which represents a previously measured value corresponding to a normal blood temperature, with a signal representing an elevated blood temperature, corresponding to a fever blood temperature value, and does not restore said value corresponding to a normal blood temperature until said measured value pickup for measuring the blood temperature again emits a signal corresponding to a measured value corresponding to said normal body temperature.