Computer image generation with topographical response

• US 4,868,771 A
• Filed: 03/30/1987
• Issued: 09/19/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Steiner, Walter R., Quick, Lee T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Harkcom, Gary V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Zimmerman, Mark K.
• Application Number:
  US07/031,917
• Time in Patent Office: 904 Days
• Field of Search: 434/29, 434/37, 434/38, 434/46, 434/48, 434/62, 434/63, 434/69, 434/305, 364/518, 364/521, 364/522, 364/578
• US Class Current: 703/8
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/10 Geometric effects
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/05 the view from a vehicle being simulated G09B9/052, G09B9/058 take precedence

Abstract

In a computer image generation system, the choice of a path for a vehicle model over a landscape is not restricted. Objects and features in an image to be displayed are defined by polygons. Plumb vectors, having a predetermined relationship with the vehicle model, are used to obtain samples of the terrain at the intersection between the vectors and polygons defining the ground in the vicinity of the vehicle model. The vectors may sample in advance of the vehicle model in the direction of motion or under the vehicle model. The polygons may be encoded with characteristics of the terrain they define so that appropriate noise cues can be generated from information extracted at the intersection of the plumb vectors and polygons. Predetermined ones of the sample points are interpolated for inferring the contour and slope of the terrain before interaction between the vehicle model and interpolated terrain is determined. The display of an image is modified in response to the real-time interaction between the vehicle model and local topology to reflect such interaction at a predetermined viewpoint.

Claims

1. In a computer visual image generating system for creating visual images from stored data, wherein a feature of an image is defined by at least one polygon, a method for producing visual images reflecting real-time interaction between a vehicle model having a predetermined vicinity and a landscape having a predetermined topography, wherein the vehicle is movable in any direction throughout the landscape, comprising:

sampling in real time the stored data for the topography of the landscape in advance of the vehicle model in the direction of motion of the vehicle model for obtaining at least one sample indicative of the topography, the topography having a contour;

determining interaction between the topography of the landscape and the vehicle model in response to the at least one sample; and

modifying the image of the landscape to be displayed with respect to a predetermined view-point in response to the interaction determined.

2. The method as in claim 1, further comprising providing an audio cue in response to a predetermined characteristic of the at least one sample.

3. The method as in claim 1, wherein the step of sampling includes obtaining a plurality of samples indicative of the topography and sampling in advance of the vehicle model in the predetermined direction.

4. The method as in claim 3, further including:

storing the plurality of samples; and

interpolating among the values of predetermined ones of the plurality of samples for inferring the contour of the topography of the landscape, wherein the step of determining includes determining interaction between the topography of the landscape and the vehicle model in response to the interpolated values.

5. The method as in claim 4, wherein the step of sampling includes selecting the respective intersections of a predetermined plurality of plumb vectors having a respective predetermined relation to the vehicle model with appropriate polygons for obtaining the plurality of samples.

6. The method as in claim 4, wherein the step of storing further includes storing samples in a grid and eliminating samples from the grid representing an area with which the vehicle model has already interacted.

7. The method as in claim 3, wherein the step of sampling includes selecting the respective intersections of a predetermined plurality of plumb vectors having a respective predetermined relation to the vehicle model with appropriate polygons for obtaining the plurality of samples.

8. The method as in claim 3, wherein the step of modifying includes updating the image once each frame cycle and further wherein the steps of determining and sampling are performed once each frame cycle.

9. The method as in claim 1, wherein the step of sampling includes sampling under the vehicle.

10. The method as in claim 1, wherein the step of sampling includes identifying the intersection of a plumb vector having a predetermined relation to the vehicle model with a predetermined polygon for obtaining the at least one sample.

11. In a computer visual image generating system for producing visual images from stored data, a method for presenting the visual images for reflecting real-time interaction between a vehicle model having a predetermined vicinity and a landscape having a predetermined topography wherein the vehicle model is moveable in any direction throughout the landscape, comprising:

sampling in real time the stored data for the topography of the landscape in advance of the vehicle model in the direction of motion of the vehicle model, the topography having a contour;

determining interaction between the topography of the landscape and the vehicle model in response to the at least one sample; and

displaying the image of the landscape for reflecting real-time interaction between the vehicle model and the landscape in response to the interaction determined.

12. The method as in claim 11, further comprising providing an audio cue in response to a predetermined characteristic of the at least one sample.

13. The method as in claim 11, wherein the step of sampling includes obtaining a plurality of samples indicative of the topography of the landscape and sampling in advance of the vehicle model in the predetermined direction and further wherein the method includes:

storing the plurality of samples;

interpolating among the values of predetermined ones of the plurality of samples for inferring the contour of the topography of the landscape; and

determining interaction between the topography of the landscape and the vehicle model in response to the interpolated values.

14. The method as in claim 11, wherein the step of sampling includes obtaining a plurality of samples indicative of the topography by selecting the respective intersections with appropriate polygons of a predetermined plurality of plumb vectors having a respective predetermined relation to the vehicle model and the step of determining includes determining interaction between topography of the landscape and the vehicle model in response to the distance between respective intersections and respective predetermined points on respective ones of the plurality of plumb vectors.

15. In a visual image generating system for creating visual images from stored data, wherein a feature of an image is defined by at least one polygon, apparatus for producing visual images reflecting real-time interaction between a vehicle model movable throughout an image to be displayed and the image to be displayed, comprising:

sampling means for determining in real time the intersection between a plumb vector having a predetermined relationship with respect to the vehicle model and a polygon;

processing means coupled to the sampling means, the processing means for determining the distance from a predetermined point on the plumb vector to the intersection; and

display means coupled to said processing means, the display means for presenting the image to be displayed in response to the distance determined such that the image to be displayed reflects real time interaction between the vehicle model and the image to be displayed.

16. The apparatus as in claim 15, wherein the sampling means include means for determining in real time the intersections between the polygon and a plurality of plumb vectors having a respective predetermined relationship with respect to the vehicle model and further wherein the processing means include means for interpolating among predetermined ones of the intersections for inferring the contour of the topology of the scene to be displayed and further wherein the display means for presenting the image to be displayed in response to the inferred contour.

17. The apparatus as in claim 15, wherein polygons are predeterminedly encoded with characteristics of the feature they define and the apparatus further including audio generating means coupled to the processing means, the audio generating means for producing an audio cue in response to a characteristic of the feature ascertainable from the characteristic of the polygon at the intersection.