Vibration sensing apparatus

• US 4,870,868 A
• Filed: 04/27/1988
• Issued: 10/03/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Measurement Specialties Limited (TE Connectivity Limited)
• Original Assignee: Pennwalt Corporation (Arkema)
• Inventors: Gastgeb, Raymond F., Tom, Edward
• Primary Examiner(s): Noland, Tom
• Assistant Examiner(s): Arana, Louis M.
• Application Number:
  US07/186,843
• Time in Patent Office: 524 Days
• Field of Search: 73/649, 73/657, 73/570, 73/579, 273/26 R, 273/26 B, 273/26 C, 273/29 A, 273/35 R, 273/183 D, 273/184 R, 273/186 R, 273/181 G
• US Class Current: 73/649
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 69/38 for tennis A63B61/006, A63B69/0073 and A63B69/0097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B06B 1/0688 with foil-type piezoelectric elements, e.g. PVDF
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 1/00 Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector G01H9/00, G01H11/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/045 by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks measuring resonant frequency G01H13/00; measuring strength properties by application of mechanical stress G01N3/00

Abstract

A sensing device is disclosed which produces a response when the point of impact between an object and a member occurs at a preselected location on the member. When the member vibrates after being impacted by the object, an oscillatory electrical signal is produced by a piezoelectric sensor. Appropriate circuitry is provided for analyzing the oscillatory electrical signal and for producing a response if the object impacted the member at the preselected location. The sensing apparatus is particularly useful in athletics for determining whether a game object contacted the athletic instrument at its "sweet spot".

Claims

1. An apparatus for sensing and indicating when the point of impact between an object and a member occurs at a preselected location on said member, comprising:

a piezoelectric sensor for producing an oscillatory electrical signal having an amplitude and frequency which are proportional to the vibration in said member generated by the collision between said object and said member;

means for attaching said piezoelectric sensor to said member at a location remote from the point of impact of said member;

circuit means responsive to said oscillatory electrical signal for producing a control signal when the amplitude and frequency of said oscillatory electrical signal correspond to a point of impact at said preselected location on said member; and

indicating means responsive to said control signal for indicating that the point of impact on said member occurred at said preselected location.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said circuit means further comprises:

means for selecting whether said control signal is produced when the preselected location corresponds to a point of impact located at a vibrational node of said member or at a location other than at a vibrational node of said member.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said indicating means generates an audio, visual or audio-visual response.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said circuit means comprises:

a capacitor;

means for controlling the charging and discharging of said capacitor;

comparing means for comparing the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal to the voltage of said capacitor as it is discharging and for producing an output signal when the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal is greater than the voltage of the discharging capacitor; and

means responsive to said output signal for producing said control signal when the decay of the voltage of the discharging capacitor is greater than the decay of the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal.

5. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said circuit means comprises:

a capacitor;

means for controlling the charging and discharging of said capacitor;

comparing means for comparing the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal to the voltage of said capacitor as it is discharging and for producing an output signal when the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal is greater than the voltage of the discharging capacitor; and

means responsive to said output signal for producing said control signal when the decay of the voltage of the discharging capacitor is less than the decay of the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal.

6. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said piezelectric sensor comprises:

a piezoelectric polymer film having opposing sides; and

an electroconductive layer disposed on each of the opposing sides of said film.

7. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said piezoelectric polymer film is folded such that the electroconductive layer on one of said opposing sides is in a face-to-face relationship.

8. An apparatus for sensing when the point of impact between a game object and a sports instrument adapted to strike said game object occurs at a preselected location on said game instrument, comprising:

a game instrument adapted to be hand held and to strike said game object;

a piezoelectric sensor contacting said game instrument in a location which is remote from the area where the game object collides with said game instrument, said sensor producing an oscillatory electrical signal having an amplitude and frequency which are proportional to the vibration in said game instrument generated by the collision between said game object and said game instrument;

circuit means responsive to said oscillatory electrical signal for producing a control signal when the amplitude and frequency of said oscillatory electrical signal corresponds to a point of impact at said preselected location on said game instrument; and

indicating means responsive to said control signal for indicating that the point of impact on said game instrument occurred at said preselected location.

9. An apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:

means for attaching said piezoelectric sensor to said game instrument.

10. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said circuit means further comprises:

means for selecting whether said control signal is produced when the preselected location corresponds to a point of impact located at a vibrational node of said game instrument or at a location other than at a vibrational node of said game instrument.

11. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said piezoelectric sensor is attached to a glove so as to contact said game instrument when the user wearing said glove grasps said game instrument.

12. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said indicating means generates an audio, visual or audio-visual response.

13. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said circuit means comprises:

a capacitor;

means for controlling the charging and discharging of said capacitor;

comparing means for comparing the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal to the voltage of said capacitor as it is discharging and for producing an output signal when the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal is greater than the voltage of the discharging capacitor; and

means responsive to said output signal for producing said control signal when the decay of the voltage of the discharging capacitor is greater than the decay of the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal.

14. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said circuit means comprises:

a capacitor;

means for controlling the charging and discharging of said capacitor;

comparing means for comparing the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal to the voltage of said capacitor as it is discharging and for producing an output signal when the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal is greater than the voltage of the discharging capacitor; and

means responsive to said output signal for producing said control signal when the decay of the voltage of the discharging capacitor is less than the decay of the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal.

15. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said game instrument is a baseball bat.

16. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said game instrument is a racket.

17. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said game instrument is a gold club.

18. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said piezoelectric sensor comprises:

a piezoelectric polymer film having opposing sides; and

an electroconductive layer disposed on each of the opposing sides of said film.

19. An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein said piezoelectric polymer film is folded such that the electroconductive layer on one of said opposing sides is in a face-to-face relationship.

20. An apparatus for sensing and indicating when the point of impact between an object and a member occurs at a preselected location on said member, comprising:

a piezoelectric sensor for producing an oscillatory electrical signal having an amplitude and frequency which are proportional to the vibration in said member generated by the collision between said object and said member;

a capacitor;

means for controlling the charging and discharging of said capacitor;

comparing means for comparing the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal to the voltage of said capacitor as it is discharging and for producing an output signal when the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal is greater than the voltage of the discharging capacitor;

means responsive to said output signal for producing said control signal when the decay of the voltage of the discharging capacitor is greater than the decay of the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal; and

indicating means responsive to said control signal for indicating that the point of impact on said member occurred at said preselected location.

21. An apparatus for sensing and indicating when the point of impact between an object and a member occurs at a preselected location on said member, comprising:

a piezoelectric sensor for producing an oscillatory electrical signal having an amplitude and frequency which are proportional to the vibration in said member generated by the collision between said object and said member;

a capacitor;

means for controlling the charging and discharging of said capacitor;

comparing means for comparing the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal to the voltage of said capacitor as it is discharging and for producing an output signal when the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal is greater than the voltage of the discharging capacitor;

means responsive to said output signal for producing said control signal when the decay of the voltage of the discharging capacitor is less than the decay of the voltage of said oscillatory electrical signal; and

indicating means responsive to said control signal for indicating that the point of impact on said member occurred at said preselected location.