Electrode assembly for use in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell

• US 4,876,115 A
• Filed: 03/03/1988
• Issued: 10/24/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 01/30/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Inventors: Raistrick, Ian D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Silverberg, Sam
• Application Number:
  US07/163,672
• Time in Patent Office: 600 Days
• Field of Search: 429/42, 429/44, 427/115
• US Class Current: 427/115
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8892 Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/926 on carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1004 characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A gas reaction fuel cell may be provided with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Porous gas diffusion electrodes are formed of carbon particles supporting a catalyst which is effective to enhance the gas reactions. The carbon particles define interstitial spaces exposing the catalyst on a large surface area of the carbon particles. A proton conducting material, such as a perfluorocarbon copolymer or ruthenium dioxide contacts the surface areas of the carbon particles adjacent the interstitial spaces. The proton conducting material enables protons produced by the gas reactions adjacent the supported catalyst to have a conductive path with the electrolyte membrane. The carbon particles provide a conductive path for electrons. A suitable electrode may be formed by dispersing a solution containing a proton conducting material over the surface of the electrode in a manner effective to coat carbon surfaces adjacent the interstitial spaces without impeding gas flow into the interstitial spaces.

Claims

1. A method for treating porous gas diffusion electrodes having a catalyst loading less than 0.50 mg per square centimeter supported on carbon particles defining catalytic sites within said electrode for effective use with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:

forming a solution containing a proton conductive material selected from a group consisting of a perfluorocarbon copolymer and ruthenium dioxide at a dilution effective for said proton conductive material to deposit adjacent said catalytic sites within said electrode; and

dispersing said solution over said electrode in a manner effective for said proton conductive material to penetrate to within said electrode adjacent said catalytic sites.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said proton conductive material is a perfluorocarbon copolymer.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein dispersing said solution over said electrode includes the steps of:

spraying said solution over said electrode to form a first application;

drying said first application; and

spraying said solution over said electrode to form a second application.

4. A method according to claim 1, further including the step of drying said solution dispersed over said electrode at ambient conditions for a first determined time and thereafter drying said electrode in a vacuum for a second determined time.