Stereoscopic display

• US 4,877,307 A
• Filed: 07/05/1988
• Issued: 10/31/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 07/05/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Corporation
• Original Assignee: Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Corporation
• Inventors: Kalmanash, Michael H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sugarman, Scott J.
• Application Number:
  US07/215,260
• Time in Patent Office: 483 Days
• Field of Search: 350/132, 350/130, 358/88, 358/91, 358/92
• US Class Current: 359/465
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/334 using spectral multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/337 using polarisation multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/341 using temporal multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/398 Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof

Abstract

A stereoscopic display capable of displaying monochromatic or colored views of moving, three dimensional scenes comprises means for sequentially projecting alternate ones of successive pairs of substantially monochromatic images corresponding to right-eye and left-eye perspectives of the scene at a display rate sufficient to avoid a perception of flicker in the images. A variable polarizer is used to circularly polarize alternate ones of the images in respectively opposite senses synchronously at their projection rate. The images are analyzed by highly-transmissive eyewear comprising at least one pair of oppositely-sensed cholesteric liquid crystal circular polarizers tuned to the particular color wavelength of the images and disposed, one over each eye, to transmit appropriately-polarized images to corresponding eyes and to reflect inappropriately-polarized images away therefrom.

Claims

1. A stereoscopic display, comprising:

projector means for sequentially projecting, at a projection rate sufficient to avoid objectional flicker, alternate ones of successive pairs of substantially monochromatic images corresponding to right-eye- and left-eye-perspective views of a scene, each said image having a wavelength of about L_o ;

variable polarizer means operated synchronously with said projector means for circularly-polarizing alternate ones of said images in each said pair in opposite senses; and

binocular eyewear, comprising;

a pair of circular polarizing elements having opposite senses, each said element containing a cholesteric liquid crystal material having a refractive index of about n and a pitch of about p, where n·

p≅

L_o, and

wherein said polarizing elements are each disposed within said eyewear to transmit corresponding ones of said polarized images to a corresponding eye, and to reflect oppositely-polarized ones of said images therefrom.

2. The display of claim 1, wherein said variable polarizer means further comprise:

a circular polarizer disposed in front of said projector means to circularly polarize each of said images in a given sense; and

a variable half-wave retarder plate disposed in front of said polarizer plate, said retarder plate having a slow axis, a layer of nematic liquid crystal material, and means for sequentially switching said plate between ON and OFF conditions synchronously with said projection rate such that in one of said conditions, said retarder plate transmits one of said images of each said pair with its polarization sense unaffected, and in the other of said conditions, transmits the other said image in each said pair retarded by one-half wave and thereby circularly polarized in the opposite sense.

3. The display of claim 2, wherein said circular polarizer further comprises:

a linear polarizer having an optic axis; and

a quarter wave plate having a slow axis set at 45°

with respect to said linear polarizer'"'"'s axis.

4. The display of claim 2, wherein said circular polarizer further comprises:

a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material having a refractive index of about n and a pitch of about p, where n·

p≅

L_o.

5. The display of claim 1, wherein said projector means further comprise means for sequentially projecting alternate ones of successive pairs of multicolored images corresponding to right-eye- and left-eye-perspectives of a multicolored scene at said projection rate, each said image comprising the sum of a number of differently colored, generally monochromatic image components, and wherein said eyewear further comprises a plurality of said pairs of said cholesteric elements equal in number to said number of differently colored image components, each said pair tuned to a different one of said image component colors.

6. The display of claim 5, wherein said variable polarizer means further comprises:

a stack of cholesteric liquid crystal circular polarizers equal in number to said number of differently colored image components disposed in front of said projector means, each said polarizer tuned to a different one of said colors of said image pairs; and

a variable half-wave retarder plate disposed in front of said stack, said retarder plate having a slow axis, a layer of nematic liquid crystal material, and means for sequentially applying alternate ones of a pair of high and low voltages across said layer synchronously with said projection rate such that, at one of said voltages, said retarder plate transmits one of said images from each said pair with its sense of polarization unaffected, and at a second voltage, transmits the other one of said images from each said pair of images retarded by one-half wave and thereby circularly polarized in the opposite sense.

7. The display of any one of claims 1-6, wherein said projector means further comprise a cathode ray tube having a narrowband, rare-earth phosphor layer, said layer having at least one peak emission of light at a wavelength of about L_o.

8. The display of any one of claims 1-6, wherein said projector means further comprise a liquid crystal display, a light-emitting-diode display, or a vacuum fluorescent display.

9. A method for displaying a three-dimensional scene to an observer, comprising the steps of:

sequentially projecting toward said observer alternate ones of successive pairs of generally monochromatic images corresponding to said observer'"'"'s right-eye- and left-eye-perspective views of said scene at a projection rate sufficient to avoid a perception of appreciable flicker in either one of said images, each said image having a wavelength of about L_o ;

sequentially polarizing said images circularly in alternately opposite senses synchronously with said projection rate; and

analyzing said images with a pair of cholesteric liquid crystal circular polarizers comprising a RHCP and a LHCP, each said polarizer having a refractive index of about n and a pitch of about p, where n·

p≅

L_o, and wherein said elements are disposed, one in front of each one of said observer'"'"'s eyes, within said eyewear to conduct corresponding ones of said polarized images to a corresponding eye of said observer, and to reflect oppositely-polarized images therefrom.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of sequentially polarizing said images circularly in alternately opposite senses further comprises:

first, circularly polarizing each of said images in each said pair in a given sense; and

then, retarding one of said polarized images in each said pair by one-half wave such that said one image is circularly polarized in a sense opposite to said given sense.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of circularly polarizing each of said images in a given sense further comprises the step of:

polarizing said images with a cholesteric liquid crystal circular polarizer containing a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material having a refractive index of about n and a pitch of about p, where np≅

L_o.

12. The method of either of claims 10 or 11, wherein the step of retarding one of said polarized images in each said pair by one-half wave further comprises the steps of:

passing said circularly polarized images through a layer of birefringent nematic liquid crystal material; and

applying a two-level, distributed voltage field across said layer synchronously with said projection rate such that, at one voltage level, one of said images in each said pair of circularly-polarized images is passed therethrough with its sense of polarization unchanged, and at a second voltage, the other one of said pair of circularly-polarized images is retarded by one-half wave and thereby circularly polarized with the opposite sense.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of sequentially projecting alternate ones of said images further comprises the step of:

sequentially projecting alternate ones of successive pairs of multicolor images corresponding to right-eye- and left-eye-perspectives of a multicolored scene, each said image comprising the sum of a number of differently colored, generally monochromatic image components;

and wherein the step of analyzing said images with a pair of cholesteric liquid crystal polarizers further comprises the step of;

analyzing said images with a stack of said pairs of cholesteric liquid crystal elements equal in number to said number of differently colored image components, each said pair in said stack being tuned to a different one of said colors of said image components.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of sequentially polarizing said images circularly in alternately opposite senses further comprises:

circularly polarizing each of said images in said given sense with a stack of said cholesteric liquid crystal circular polarizers equal in number to said number of differently colored image components, each said polarizer in said stack being tuned to a different one of said colors of said image components.

15. A stereoscopic display, comprising:

a cathode ray tube having a screen with a phosphor layer which emits relatively narrowband light at a wavelength of about L_o when struck by an electron beam;

means for repetitively painting said screen with an electron beam such that alternate ones of successive pairs of light images corresponding to right-eye- and left-eye-perspective views of a scene are sequentially emitted therefrom at a rate sufficient to avoid a perception of flicker in the images;

a circular polarizer containing a layer of highly transmissive cholesteric liquid crystal material having a refractive index of about n, and a pitch of about p, where np≅

L_o, disposed in front of said screen for circularly polarizing said images in a given sense;

a variable half-wave retarder plate disposed in front of said polarizer, said retarder plate containing a layer of bi-refringent nematic liquid crystal material and having means for sequentially applying alternate high and low voltages across said layer synchronously with said projection rate such that, at one voltage, one of said images in each said pair of circularly-polarized images passes through said retarder plate with its sense of polarization unaffected, and at a second voltage, the other one of said image in each said pair is retarded by one-half wave and thereby circularly polarized in the opposite sense; and

binocular eyewear, comprising;

a pair of circular polarizing elements having opposite senses, each said element containing a highly transmissive cholesteric liquid crystal material having a refractive index of about n and a pitch of about p, where n·

p≅

L_o, and

wherein said elements are disposed within said eyewear to conduct a corresponding one of each said pair of images to a corresponding eye, and to reflect the other images therefrom.

16. A high-efficiency, stereoscopic color display, comprising:

a screen having a matrix of rare-earth phosphor elements arrayed thereon in adjacent groups of up to three of said elements per group, each said element in each said group being capable of emitting light in one of up to three narrowband, primary colors such that the color of light emitted from each said group is adjustable through a substantial portion of the visible color spectrum;

means for selectively addressing selected ones of said elements with an electron beam such that alternate colored fields corresponding to right-eye- and left-eye-perspective views of a colored scene are sequentially emitted from said screen in successive frames consisting of two of said fields per frame at a display rate sufficient to avoid a perception of flicker, each said field comprising the sum of three monochromatic field components, each said component consisting of light of one of said primary colors;

a stack of up to three circular polarizers disposed in front of said screen for circularly polarizing each said field in a given sense, each said polarizer comprising a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material tuned to a different one of said primary colors such that correspondingly-colored components of each said field is thereby circularly polarized in said given sense;

a variable half-wave retarder plate disposed in front of said stack of polarizers, said retarder plate containing a layer of birefringent nematic liquid crystal material and means for alternately applying high and low, distributed voltage fields across said material synchronously with said field display rate such that, in one voltage state, said circularly-polarized fields pass therethrough unaffected, and in the other voltage state, are retarded by one-half wave and thereby circurlarly polarized in the opposite sense; and

independent binocular eyewear, comprising right-eye and left-eye analyzers, each said analyzer comprising a stack of up to three circular polarizers, each said polarizer in each said stack comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal layer tuned to a different one of said primary colors and disposed within a respective one of said stacks to pass a correspondingly-colored component of a corresponding one of said circularly polarized fields to a corresponding eye, and to reflect correspondingly-colored components of oppositely polarized fields therefrom.

17. The display of claim 16, wherein said three primary colors are red, blue and green.