Monolithic solid electrolyte oxygen pump

• US 4,877,506 A
• Filed: 04/08/1987
• Issued: 10/31/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 04/08/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture, ARCH Development Corporation (University of Chicago)
• Original Assignee: ARCH Development Corporation (University of Chicago)
• Inventors: Easler, Timothy E., Fee, Darrell C., Dees, Dennis W., Poeppel, Roger B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Niebling, John F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GORGOS, KATHRYN L
• Application Number:
  US07/035,799
• Time in Patent Office: 937 Days
• Field of Search: 204/410, 204/425, 204/242, 429/30, 429/34
• US Class Current: 204/242
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/4071 using sensor elements of laminated structure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2435 with monolithic core structure, e.g. honeycombs
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A multi-layer oxygen pump having a one-piece, monolithic ceramic structure affords high oxygen production per unit weight and volume and is thus particularly adapted for use as a portable oxygen supply. The oxygen pump is comprised of a large number of small cells on the order of 1-2 millimeters in diameter which form the walls of the pump and which are comprised of thin, i.e., 25-50 micrometers, ceramic layers of cell components. The cell components include an air electrode, an oxygen electrode, an electrolyte and interconnection materials. The cell walls form the passages for input air and for exhausting the oxygen which is transferred from a relatively dilute gaseous mixture to a higher concentration by applying a DC voltage across the electrodes so as to ionize the oxygen at the air electrode, whereupon the ionized oxygen travels through the electrolyte and is converted to oxygen gas at the oxygen electrode.

Claims

1. An oxygen pump for removing oxygen from an oxygen-bearing gas comprising:

an anode comprised of a non-oxidizing material and formed of a first corrugated portion and a second planar portion in contact with said first corrugated portion so as to form a first plurality of elongated, generally linear corrugations therein;

a cathode formed of a third corrugated portion and a fourth planar portion in contact with said third corrugated portion so as to form a second plurality of elongated, generally linear corrugations therein;

a thin, porous, flat, electrically conductive solid electrolyte having first and second opposed electrode surfaces disposed between and in respective electrical contact with the second planar portion of said anode and with the fourth planar portion of said anode, wherein a first plurality of closed channels is formed between the third corrugated portion and the fourth planar portion of said cathode and a second plurality of closed channels is formed between the first corrugated portion and the second planar portion of said anode; and

a DC potential source coupled to said anode and said cathode for applying a DC voltage thereacross for transferring oxygen form an oxygen-bearing gas introduced into said first plurality of closed channels through said solid electrolyte and into said second plurality of closed channels.

2. The oxygen pump of claim 1 wherein said anode and said cathode are each comprised of a porous lanthanum manganite (LaMnO₃).

3. The oxygen pump of claim 1 wherein said solid electrolyte is comprised of yttria stabilized zirconia.

4. The oxygen pump of claim 1 wherein said first pluralities of corrugations and closed channels are aligned with and generally parallel to said second plural of corrugations and closed channels.

5. The oxygen pump of claim 1 wherein said first pluralities of corrugations and closed channels are aligned generally transverse to said second pluralities of corrugations and closed channels.

6. The oxygen pump of claim 1 further comprising first and second dense, electrically conductive interconnecting layers coupled to and in electrical contact with the first corrugated portion of said anode and the third corrugated portion of said anode and respectively forming third and fourth pluralities of closed channels therewith, wherein said oxygen-bearing gas is also introduced into said third plurality of closed channels and the oxygen is also transferred into said fourth plurality of closed channels.

7. The oxygen pump of claim 6 wherein said first and second interconnecting layers are comprised of non-porous lanthanum manganite (LaMnO₃).

8. The oxygen pump of claim 6 further comprising second and third combinations of a corrugated anode and cathode and a conductive solid electrolyte disposed therebetween in electrical contact with said first and second interconnecting layers, respectively, and coupled to said DC potential source so as to form a stacked array of oxygen pumps.

9. The oxygen pump of claim 8 wherein the first closed channels associated with each cathode and the second closed channels associated with each anode are aligned generally transversely with respect to each other.

10. The oxygen pump of claim 9 further comprising a plurality of manifolds disposed about the lateral periphery of the stacked array of oxygen pumps.

11. The oxygen pump of claim 10 wherein said plurality of manifolds includes an inlet and a first outlet manifold aligned and continuous with said first and third pluralities of closed channels and disposed on facing lateral surfaces of the stacked oxygen pump array for respectively introducing the oxygen-bearing gas into said stacked array and exhausting the oxygen-bearing gas from said stacked array.

12. The oxygen pump of claim 11 wherein said plurality of manifolds further includes a second outlet manifold aligned and continuous with said second and fourth pluralities of closed channels and disposed on a remaining lateral surface of the stacked oxygen pump array for removing the oxygen removed from the oxygen-bearing gas from the stacked oxygen pump array

13. The oxygen pump of claim 12 wherein each of said inlet and outlet manifolds includes a respective gas flow duct therein

14. The oxygen pump of claim 12 further comprising coupling means for securely affixing each of said inlet and outlet manifolds to a respective lateral surface of the stacked oxygen pump array.

15. The oxygen pump of claim 14 wherein said coupling means comprises a ceramic paste.