Cathodic electrochemical current arrangement with telemetric application
First Claim
1. A method for measuring the rate of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo and in situ in a warm-blooded or cold-blooded animal brain or body comprising:
- connecting said brain or body to an electrical circuit comprising;
an auxiliary electrode placed in contact with an outer layer of an organ or sub-organ to be analyzed;
a reference electrode placed in contact with said outer layer of said organ or sub-organ to be analyzed;
an indicator microelectrode which is packed with graphite paste and mineral oil modified with a compound selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof which is inserted into said organ or sub-organ'"'"'s interior;
a D.C. source and means for forming cathodic current connected between said reference electrode and said indicator electrode;
said organ or sub-organ, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and indicator electrode thus forming an electrochemical cell which produces output cathodic current;
means connected in series with said reference electrode for semidifferentiating the cathodic current and;
processing the signal which represents the output current as the semiderivative of the linear current function;
thereby producing a cathodic current which represents the rates of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals, the cathodic current enabling the detection of one or more biogenic chemicals which are reduced as well as oxidized and which therefore provides for reproducible results.
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Abstract
This invention relates to a method for producing a cathodic, or reduction, current used in an in vivo semidifferential, semiderivative and/or semiintegral electrochemical method for achieving routine, reliable, and reproducible measurements of the dynamics of neurochemicals and neurochemical-like materials for the purpose of medical diagnosis in the body and brain of animals and in human patients. The method of this invention also permits the detection of biological markers to delineate diseased states for purposes of preventative and therapeutic medicine. Telemetric applications and automated devices for diagnostic and monitoring purposes are also described.
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Citations
34 Claims
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1. A method for measuring the rate of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo and in situ in a warm-blooded or cold-blooded animal brain or body comprising:
connecting said brain or body to an electrical circuit comprising; an auxiliary electrode placed in contact with an outer layer of an organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; a reference electrode placed in contact with said outer layer of said organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; an indicator microelectrode which is packed with graphite paste and mineral oil modified with a compound selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof which is inserted into said organ or sub-organ'"'"'s interior; a D.C. source and means for forming cathodic current connected between said reference electrode and said indicator electrode;
said organ or sub-organ, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and indicator electrode thus forming an electrochemical cell which produces output cathodic current;means connected in series with said reference electrode for semidifferentiating the cathodic current and; processing the signal which represents the output current as the semiderivative of the linear current function; thereby producing a cathodic current which represents the rates of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals, the cathodic current enabling the detection of one or more biogenic chemicals which are reduced as well as oxidized and which therefore provides for reproducible results. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. An electrical circuit capable of analyzing the concentration of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo comprising:
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an auxiliary electrode for placing in contact with an outer layer of an organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; a reference electrode for placing in contact with said outer layer of said organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; an indicator microelectrode which is packed with graphite paste and mineral oil modified with a compound selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof, for inserting into said organ or sub-organ'"'"'s interior; a D.C. source and means for forming cathodic current connected between said reference electrode and said indicator electrode;
whereby said organ or sub-organ, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and indicator electrode form an electrochemical cell which produces output cathodic current; andmeans connected in series with said reference electrode for semidifferentiating the cathodic current. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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Specification