Method and apparatus for translating the EEG into music to induce and control various psychological and physiological states and to control a musical instrument
First Claim
1. A biofeedback apparatus useful for creating music, comprising:
- means for receiving an ongoing EEG signal from at least one region of the brain of a biological entity, said at least one region of the brain responding to acoustical stimulation, said ongoing EEG signal having a voltage amplitude exhibiting semiperiodic change;
means for translating said ongoing EEG signal into music, said translating means includingmeans for generating an acoustical indication of the semiperiodic change in said ongoing EEG signal, andmeans for generating musical flavor and adding said musical flavor to said acoustical indication;
means for directing said music so as to be received by the brain; and
means for delaying said directing means for a period of time determined so that the brain response to said music occurs with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal received from said region of the brain.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for applying a musical feedback signal to the human brain, or any other brain, to induce controllable psychological and physiological responses. A signal representing the ongoing electroencephalographic (EEG) signal of a brain preferably is obtained from the electrode location on the scalp known as CZ or P3 in clinical notation. A signal processor converts the ongoing EEG into electrical signals which are converted into music by synthesizers. The music is acoustically fed back to the brain after a time delay calculated to shift the phase of the feedback in order to reinforce specific or desired ongoing EEG activity from the scalp position of interest. The music is comprised of at least one voice that follows the moment-by-moment contour of the EEG in real time to reinforce the desired EEG activity. The music drives the brain into resonance with the music to provide a closed loop or physiological feedback effect. Preferably, the musical feedback comprises additional voices that embody psychoacoustic principles as well as provide the content and direction normally supplied by the therapist in conventional biofeedback. The invention contemplates numerous applications for the results obtained.
206 Citations
71 Claims
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1. A biofeedback apparatus useful for creating music, comprising:
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means for receiving an ongoing EEG signal from at least one region of the brain of a biological entity, said at least one region of the brain responding to acoustical stimulation, said ongoing EEG signal having a voltage amplitude exhibiting semiperiodic change; means for translating said ongoing EEG signal into music, said translating means including means for generating an acoustical indication of the semiperiodic change in said ongoing EEG signal, and means for generating musical flavor and adding said musical flavor to said acoustical indication; means for directing said music so as to be received by the brain; and means for delaying said directing means for a period of time determined so that the brain response to said music occurs with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal received from said region of the brain. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of producing a biofeedback signal useful for creating music, comprising the steps of:
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receiving an ongoing EEG signal from at least one region of the brain of a biological entity, said at least one region of the brain responding to acoustical stimulation, said ongoing EEG signal having a voltage amplitude exhibiting semiperiodic change;
translating said ongoing EEG signal into music, including the steps ofgenerating an acoustical indication of the semiperiodic change in said ongoing EEG signal, generating a musical flavor, and adding said musical flavor to said acoustical indication; directing said music so as to be received by the brain; and delaying said directing for a period of time determined so that the brain responds to said music with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal received from said region of the brain. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58)
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59. Music derived from brain waves by a process comprising the steps of:
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receiving an ongoing EEG signal from at least one region of the brain of a biological entity, said at least one region of the brain responding to acoustical stimulation, said ongoing EEG signal exhibiting semiperiodic, moment-by-moment change; generating an acoustical indication of the moment-by-moment change of said ongoing EEG signal; adding musical flavor to said acoustical indication; directing said acoustical indication so as to be received by the brain; and delaying said step of directing said acoustical indication for a period of time determined so that the brain responds to said acoustical indication with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal received from said region of the brain.
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60. A brain wave driven cybernetic interface circuit adapted for cooperation with a nervous system, a brain, and an acoustical sensory organ, comprising:
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means for selecting a predetermined form of electrical activity from the nervous system, said brain producing produce said electrical activity, said acoustical sensory organ adapted to respond to acoustical impulses, including means for receiving an ongoing EEG signal from a region of the brain, and means for filtering said ongoing EEG signal to select a particular type of neuroelectrical activity in the brain, said neuroelectrical activity exhibiting semiperiodic change; means for reinforcing said neuroelectrical activity in the brain, including means for generating an acoustical indication of said semiperiodic change, means for adding musical flavor to said acoustical indication to form a musical feedback signal, means for converting said musical feedback signal into acoustical impulses comprising feedback music, means for directing said feedback music to be received by said acoustical sensory organ, and means for delaying said directing means for a period of time determined so that the brain response to said feedback music occurs with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal received from said region of the brain; and means for generating a control signal in response to a predetermined musical pattern in said feedback music. - View Dependent Claims (61)
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62. A method of forming a cybernetic interface, comprising the steps of:
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selecting a predetermined form of electrical activity from a nervous system, said nervous system having a brain to produce said electrical activity and an acoustical sensory organ to respond to acoustical impulses, including the steps of receiving an ongoing EEG signal from a region of the brain, and filtering said ongoing EEG signal to select a particular type of neuroelectrical activity in the brain, said neuroelectrical activity exhibiting semiperiodic change; reinforcing said neuroelectrical activity in the brain including the steps of generating an acoustical indication of said semiperiodic change, adding musical flavor to said acoustical indication to form a musical feedback signal, converting said musical feedback signal into acoustical impulses comprising feedback music, directing said feedback music to be received by said acoustical sensory organ, and delaying said step of directing for a period of time determined so that the brain responds to said feedback music with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal received from said region of the brain; and generating a control signal in response to a predetermined musical pattern in said feedback music. - View Dependent Claims (63, 64)
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65. A neural stimulation apparatus, comprising:
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means for noninvasively extracting an ongoing EEG signal from a predetermined region of a brain; means for converting said EEG signal into music, said music having physiological information and musical flavor; means for directing said music to an auditory sensory organ of said brain; and means for delaying said directing means for a period of time determined so that said response of said region of the brain said music occurs with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal extracted from said region of the brain. - View Dependent Claims (66, 67)
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68. A method of stimulating neural activity, comprising the steps of:
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noninvasively extracting an ongoing EEG signal from a predetermined region of a brain; converting said EEG signal into music, said music having physiological information and musical flavor; directing said music to an auditory sensory organ of said brain; and delaying said directing step for a period of time determined so that said region of the brain responds to said music with a predetermined phase relationship with respect to the ongoing EEG signal extracted from said region of the brain. - View Dependent Claims (69, 70, 71)
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Specification